A
Project Report on
“TYPES OF WELDING JOINTS”
Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
B. Tech. in Mechanical Engineering
For the Subject
Machine Design and Analysis-I
Submitted by
NAME PRN ROLL NO.
SUJIT DHULYA 2314110556 03
ADITYA PATHAK 2314110562 08
Under the Guidance of
Dr. K.A. Patil
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune
(2024-25)
Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that,
SUJIT DHULYA (Exam No: )
ADITYA PATHAK (Exam No: )
We have carried out the Project Base learning entitled “TYPES OF WELDING JOINTS’’ under
my guidance in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering of Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune during the
academic year 2024-2025 for the subject MACHINE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS-I Project
Based Learning (PBL) in the of Semester IV.
Dr. K.A. Patil Dr. K.B. Sutar
(Subject In charge) (H.O.D)
DECLARATION
We, hereby declare that the project titled “TYPES OF WELDING JOINT” being submitted by
us towards the partial fulfilment of Bachelor of Technology, is a project -based learning work
carried by us is own work.
Date:
Name PRN SIGNATURE
SUJIT DHULYA 2314110556
ADITYA PATHAK 2314110562
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the outset of this project-based learning we want to extend my whole hearted gratitude to all the faculty
members without the help of whom this project couldn't have been possible. We want to extend our heartily
regard to Dr. K.A. Patil and Dr. K.B. Sutar (H.O.D), under the guidance of whom we have completed this report
and which also helped us in doing a lot of research and also, we have learned many new things. We would also
like to thank other faculty members for their whole hearted cooperation and valuable guidance. We would also like
to thank our friends for their valuable suggestions and guidance to make this report a successful one.
ABSTRACT
\
Welded joints are crucial in structural engineering, and their strength and performance are critical for the
safety and longevity of structures. This project aims to comprehensively analyze the behavior of various
welding joint types, including butt, lap, tee, and corner joints, under different loading scenarios (e.g.,
tensile, compressive, and shear). The study will involve both experimental testing and numerical
simulations (e.g., Finite Element Analysis) to determine the mechanical properties, failure modes, and
overall performance of these joints. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of welding joint
behavior, enabling more informed design choices and improved structural integrity in various applications
INDEX
SR. TITLE PAGE
NO. NO.
1. Introduction 1
2. Types of Welding Joints 2-3
3. Lap Joint 4
4. Tee Joint 5
5. Corner joint 6
6. Butt Joint 7
7. Edge Joint 8
8. PBL Real Image 9
9. Conclusion 10
10. References 11
1. Introduction
Welding joints are the configurations in which two or more pieces of metal are fused together. The type
of joint selected depends on the design requirements, material thickness, and the forces the joint will
experience during use. Choosing the right welding joint is critical for ensuring structural integrity,
strength, and performance.
There are five basic types of welding joints, standardized by the American Welding Society (AWS):
Welding joints determine how two metal parts are brought together before welding. The strength,
accessibility, and suitability of the joint depend on its type. Let’s look deeper into each one.
Welding joints are the points or areas where two or more metal parts are joined together by welding. The
strength, durability, and performance of a welded structure depend heavily on the type and quality of the
joint. Different joint designs are used based on the material thickness, type of load, and overall structure
design. Proper joint selection is crucial for ensuring that the weld can handle the stresses and perform
reliably over time.
.
🔩 Types of Welding Joints (With Details)
1. Butt Joint
Description: Two metal pieces are placed in the same plane, and their edges are
joined.
Common Welds: Square, V-groove, U-groove, J-groove.
Use: Pipes, structural beams, frames.
Advantage: Simple and economical.
Disadvantage: Requires good edge preparation for thick materials.
2. T-Joint
Description: One metal piece is joined at a 90° angle to the center of another,
forming a “T”.
Common Welds: Fillet weld, bevel groove weld.
Use: Base plates, brackets, structural fabrication.
Advantage: Good strength when properly welded.
Disadvantage: Can suffer from stress concentration.
3. Corner Joint
Description: Two metal pieces form a 90° angle, like the corner of a box.
Common Welds: Fillet weld, corner-flange, V-groove.
Use: Sheet metal enclosures, boxes, frames.
Advantage: Good for enclosing structures.
Disadvantage: Not as strong as T or butt joints.
4. Lap Joint
Description: One piece overlaps the other, and they are welded at the overlap
edges.
Common Welds: Fillet weld, plug weld, slot weld.
Use: Automotive panels, sheet metal.
Advantage: Easy to align and weld.
Disadvantage: Can trap moisture and cause corrosion.
5. Edge Joint
Description: Two plates are placed side-by-side and welded along the same edge.
Common Welds: Edge weld, bevel groove.
Use: Sheet metal, flanged parts.
Advantage: Good for sealing thin sheets.
Disadvantage: Not suitable for load-bearing joints.
Fig 2.1
Lap joint
A lap joint is a type of welding joint where two metal pieces are placed on top of
each other, overlapping, and then welded at the edges. It is most commonly used for
joining thin materials like sheet metal and is widely seen in industries such as
automotive manufacturing and HVAC systems. The welds used in lap joints include
fillet welds, plug welds, and spot welds. This joint is easy to prepare and can
accommodate different material thicknesses. However, it is not ideal for heavy
structural loads and can trap moisture between the overlapping surfaces, which may
lead to corrosion over time. Despite its limitations, the lap joint remains a popular
choice for lightweight and low-stress applications.
🔹 Applications
Automotive body parts
Sheet metal fabrication
Electrical enclosures
HVAC systems
🔹 Advantages
Simple to align and weld
Suitable for different material thicknesses
Provides good surface area for welding
🔹 Disadvantages
Not suitable for high-stress loads
May trap moisture between layers (risk of corrosion)
Not aesthetically clean without grinding
Fig 3.1
Tee joint
A Tee joint is formed when one metal piece is positioned perpendicular to another,
creating a shape that looks like the letter "T." This type of joint is commonly used in
structural applications, such as connecting a plate to a base or attaching a bracket to
a surface. The most commonly used weld for a tee joint is the fillet weld, although
groove welds like bevel or J-groove welds can also be used depending on the design
and load requirements. T-joints are strong and efficient but can experience high
stress at the weld root, so proper penetration and welding technique are essential.
They are widely used in construction, fabrication, and machinery work due to their
versatility and load-bearing capacity.
✅ Advantages:
Strong and stable joint for load-bearing structures
Easy to access and weld from multiple angles
Suitable for both thin and thick materials
Can be reinforced with additional welds for extra strength
❌ Disadvantages:
High stress concentration at the root of the weld
Requires good weld penetration to avoid weak spots
May need extra edge preparation for thick sections
Prone to weld defects if not aligned properly
Fig 4.1
Corner joint
A corner joint is created when two metal pieces meet at a right angle, forming an “L”
shape. This joint is widely used in the fabrication of frames, boxes, and sheet metal
enclosures where edges need to be joined at corners. Corner joints can be either open
(with a gap) or closed (edges touching), and they are usually welded using fillet
welds, corner-flange welds, or groove welds depending on strength and thickness
requirements. These joints are especially common in light- to medium-duty
applications.
✅ Advantages:
Good for forming 90° angles in structures
Easy to access and weld from outside
Suitable for thin sheets and light structures
Clean and compact joint appearance
❌ Disadvantages:
Not ideal for high-stress or load-bearing applications
May need reinforcement for strength
Can be harder to align precisely without proper jigs
Less effective in thick materials without joint prep
Fig 5.1
Butt joint
A butt joint is one of the simplest and most common types of welding joints. It is
formed when two metal pieces are placed in the same plane and joined together at
their edges. This joint is widely used in both light and heavy metalwork, including
pipe welding, structural frameworks, and pressure vessels. Butt joints can be welded
using different groove styles like square, V-groove, J-groove, or U-groove,
depending on the thickness of the material. It's especially important to ensure proper
edge preparation and weld penetration in butt joints to achieve good strength and
durability.
✅ Advantages:
Simple and easy to set up
Requires less filler material (especially for thin sections)
Good for both manual and automated welding
Offers a smooth surface after welding (can be ground flush)
❌ Disadvantages:
Weak if not properly welded or prepared
Requires edge preparation for thick materials
Can be prone to incomplete penetration or porosity
May need backing support in some cases
Fig 6.1
Edge joint
An edge joint is formed when the edges of two or more metal plates are placed side by
side and welded along the same edge. This joint is typically used for thin sheet metal or
where the edges of parts need to be sealed or connected. Since the plates are usually in the
same plane, it’s often used when the metal pieces are flanged or bent. Edge joints are
commonly welded using edge welds, bevel groove welds, or J/U-groove welds,
depending on the thickness and strength requirements. While not designed to carry heavy
loads, edge joints are ideal for applications where sealing or edge reinforcement is needed.
✅ Advantages:
Simple to prepare and align
Requires less filler material
Ideal for sealing thin plates or flanges
Provides a neat, clean finish for edges
❌ Disadvantages:
Low strength; not suitable for load-bearing structures
Limited to thin materials
Can be weak if not welded properly along the entire edge
May require support or reinforcement in some designs
Fig 7.1
PBL IMAGE
Fig 8.1
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, understanding the different types of welding joints is essential for selecting the
appropriate method for various applications. Each joint type—be it butt, lap, corner, edge, or T-joint—
has its own structural advantages and specific use cases depending on the strength requirements,
materials, and design of the project. Through hands-on exploration and study, this project highlights
how the choice of welding joint plays a critical role in the durability, efficiency, and safety of welded
structures. By mastering these fundamentals, welders and engineers can ensure quality workmanship
and optimal performance in real-world applications.
References
1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308801171_Analysis_of_Welding_Joints_and_Pr
ocesses
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding_joint
3. https://arcweldingservices.co.uk/what-is-a-lap-joint-weld/
