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Standard Limits Textbook Format Clean

The document lists important standard limits in three categories: trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic, and algebraic and polynomial limits. Each category contains specific limit expressions with their corresponding results as x approaches certain values. These limits are essential for understanding calculus and mathematical analysis.

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563 views1 page

Standard Limits Textbook Format Clean

The document lists important standard limits in three categories: trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic, and algebraic and polynomial limits. Each category contains specific limit expressions with their corresponding results as x approaches certain values. These limits are essential for understanding calculus and mathematical analysis.

Uploaded by

cricteam352
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Important Standard Limits

A. Trigonometric Limits

1. lim(x -> 0) sin x / x = 1


2. lim(x -> 0) tan x / x = 1
3. lim(x -> 0) (1 - cos x) / x^2 = 1/2
4. lim(x -> 0) sin(ax) / bx = a / b
5. lim(x -> 0) (sin x - x) / x^3 = 0
6. lim(x -> 0) (x - sin x) / x^3 = 1/6
7. lim(x -> 0) (1/x - 1/sin x) = 0

B. Exponential and Logarithmic Limits

8. lim(x -> 0) (e^x - 1) / x = 1


9. lim(x -> 0) (a^x - 1) / x = ln(a)
10. lim(x -> 0) ln(1 + x) / x = 1
11. lim(x -> 0) (ln(1 + x) - x) / x^2 = -1/2
12. lim(x -> infinity) (1 + 1/x)^x = e
13. lim(x -> 0) (1 + x)^(1/x) = e
14. lim(x -> 0+) x^x = 1
15. lim(x -> infinity) ln x / x = 0
16. lim(x -> infinity) x^a / e^x = 0 (a in R)

C. Algebraic and Polynomial Limits

17. lim(x -> a) (x^n - a^n) / (x - a) = n·a^(n-1)


18. lim(x -> 0) ((1 + x)^n - 1) / x = n
19. lim(x -> 0) (sqrt(1 + x) - 1) / x = 1/2
20. lim(x -> 0) x / (sqrt(1 + x) - 1) = 2

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