Scribd
Upload
117 views3 pages

Electrical Measurement Overview

The document provides an overview of electrical measurement and instrumentation, detailing the definitions, units, types of instruments, essential qualities of measurement, and errors involved. It discusses the measurement of electrical quantities, types of instruments used, and the role of transducers and data acquisition systems. Key concepts such as accuracy, precision, and signal conditioning are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

hajisaidngayahika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views3 pages

Electrical Measurement Overview

The document provides an overview of electrical measurement and instrumentation, detailing the definitions, units, types of instruments, essential qualities of measurement, and errors involved. It discusses the measurement of electrical quantities, types of instruments used, and the role of transducers and data acquisition systems. Key concepts such as accuracy, precision, and signal conditioning are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

hajisaidngayahika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation

1. Introduction

Measurement: Process of determining the magnitude of a quantity.

Instrumentation: Devices used for measuring physical quantities like voltage, current, resistance, etc.

2. Units and Standards

SI Units: Ampere (A), Volt (V), Ohm (Ohm), Watt (W), etc.

Standards:

- International Standards (e.g., IEC)

- Primary Standards: Maintained at national laboratories.

- Secondary Standards: Calibrated from primary.

3. Types of Instruments

Absolute Instruments: Measure quantities by physical constants (e.g., Tangent Galvanometer).

Secondary Instruments: Provide direct reading (e.g., Ammeter, Voltmeter).

Analog Instruments: Continuous signal.

Digital Instruments: Discrete signal (e.g., Digital Multimeter).

4. Essential Qualities of Measurement

Accuracy: Closeness to the true value.

Precision: Repeatability of measurement.

Sensitivity: Smallest change detectable.

Resolution: Smallest increment detectable.

Error: Difference between measured and true value.

5. Errors in Measurement

Systematic Errors: Due to known causes (e.g., instrument calibration).

Random Errors: Due to unknown/unpredictable causes.

Gross Errors: Human mistakes.


Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation

6. Measurement of Electrical Quantities

Current Measurement:

- Ammeter: Connected in series; low resistance.

Voltage Measurement:

- Voltmeter: Connected in parallel; high resistance.

Resistance Measurement:

- Ohmmeter, Wheatstone Bridge, Kelvin Double Bridge (for low resistance).

7. Instrument Types

Moving Coil (PMMC): DC measurement.

Moving Iron: AC/DC.

Electrodynamometer: Power measurement.

Induction Type: Energy meters.

Digital Multimeter: Measures V, I, R digitally.

8. Measurement of Power & Energy

Wattmeter: Measures power (Active power).

- Dynamometer type for AC/DC.

Energy Meter: Measures total energy consumed (in kWh).

- Induction Type for AC supply.

9. Transducers

Convert physical quantity to electrical signal.

Active: Generates output (e.g., thermocouple).

Passive: Needs external power (e.g., strain gauge).

10. Signal Conditioning

Involves amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC).


Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation

11. Data Acquisition Systems

Collects data from sensors/instruments.

Includes: Sensors, ADC, Processor, Storage.

You might also like