Chapter 2: Questions and Answers
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (1 Mark Each)
1. A ______ is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Answer: solution
2. The component of a solution present in smaller quantity is called the ______.
Answer: solute
3. A suspension is a ______ mixture.
Answer: heterogeneous
4. The ______ is the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
Answer: concentration
5. The scattering of light by colloidal particles is known as the ______ effect.
Answer: Tyndall
6. A ______ solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved at a given temperature.
Answer: saturated
7. Air is an example of a ______ mixture.
Answer: homogeneous
8. Milk is an example of a ______.
Answer: colloid
9. The solute particles in a solution are smaller than ______ nm.
Answer: 1
10. The separation technique used to separate tea leaves from tea is ______.
Answer: filtration
11. A ______ can scatter a beam of light and show the Tyndall effect.
Answer: colloid
12. Soda water is a mixture of ______ in water.
Answer: carbon dioxide
13. A compound always has a ______ composition.
Answer: fixed
14. Iron is an example of an ______.
Answer: element
15. A suspension is ______ because the solute particles settle when left undisturbed.
Answer: unstable
16. The major component of a solution is called the ______.
Answer: solvent
17. The process of separating two immiscible liquids is called ______.
Answer: decantation
18. Brass is an example of an ______.
Answer: alloy
19. The method used to separate cream from milk is ______.
Answer: centrifugation
20. The physical state of the dispersing medium in fog is ______.
Answer: gas
Two Mark Questions
1. Define a homogeneous mixture and give an example.
Answer: A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout. Example: Salt
dissolved in water.
2. What is a colloid? Provide an example.
Answer: A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture where particles are too small to settle but can
scatter light. Example: Milk.
3. Explain the term 'saturated solution'.
Answer: A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum amount of solute that can
dissolve at a given temperature.
4. What is the Tyndall effect? Give an example.
Answer: The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles. Example: Light
beam through fog.
5. Why is air considered a homogeneous mixture?
Answer: Air is considered a homogeneous mixture because it has a uniform composition of
gases throughout.
6. Differentiate between solute and solvent.
Answer: Solute is the substance dissolved, while solvent is the medium in which solute
dissolves.
7. What is centrifugation? Where is it used?
Answer: Centrifugation is a technique to separate particles based on density using rapid
spinning. Example: Separating cream from milk.
8. What are alloys? Give an example.
Answer: Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals or metals with non-metals. Example:
Brass (zinc and copper).
9. Explain why a suspension is considered unstable.
Answer: A suspension is unstable because solute particles settle down when left
undisturbed.
10. Give two examples of physical changes.
Answer: Examples: Melting of ice and boiling of water.
Three Mark Questions
1. State the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Answer: Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition (e.g., saltwater), while
heterogeneous mixtures do not (e.g., oil and water).
2. Explain the properties of a solution.
Answer: 1. Homogeneous mixture.
2. Particles smaller than 1 nm.
3. Solute cannot be separated by filtration and does not settle.
3. What are the properties of a suspension?
Answer: 1. Heterogeneous mixture.
2. Particles visible to naked eye.
3. Can be separated by filtration and is unstable.
4. How can colloids be classified based on the states of dispersed phase and dispersing
medium?
Answer: 1. Solid in gas: Smoke.
2. Liquid in gas: Fog.
3. Gas in liquid: Shaving cream.
4. Solid in liquid: Muddy water.
5. Describe the differences between elements and compounds.
Answer: Elements are pure substances with only one type of atom. Compounds are
substances with two or more elements chemically combined.
6. How can the concentration of a solution be expressed?
Answer: 1. Mass by mass percentage.
2. Mass by volume percentage.
3. Volume by volume percentage.
Five Mark Questions
1. Explain the various techniques used to separate mixtures with examples.
Answer: 1. Filtration: Separating tea leaves from tea.
2. Centrifugation: Separating cream from milk.
3. Evaporation: Obtaining salt from seawater.
4. Distillation: Separating alcohol and water.
2. What are the differences between mixtures and compounds?
Answer: 1. Mixtures are physically combined, compounds are chemically combined.
2. Mixtures have variable composition, compounds have fixed composition.
3. Mixtures retain properties of components, compounds do not.
3. Describe the properties of colloids with examples.
Answer: 1. Heterogeneous mixture.
2. Shows Tyndall effect (e.g., fog).
3. Particles do not settle.
4. Cannot be separated by filtration but can be by centrifugation.
4. What is the Tyndall effect? Explain with two examples.
Answer: The Tyndall effect is scattering of light by colloidal particles. Examples: 1. Sunlight
through a forest canopy.
2. Headlight beams in fog.
5. How do physical and chemical changes differ? Provide examples.
Answer: 1. Physical changes do not change composition (e.g., melting of ice).
2. Chemical changes form new substances (e.g., burning of wood).
6. Describe how a saturated solution can become unsaturated.
Answer: By increasing temperature, more solute dissolves, making the solution
unsaturated.
