Nama : Niken Laras Utami Kelas : 1EA26 NPM : 15211162 Chapter I Understanding of tensesTenses Derived from the word

d TEMPUS (latin language) which means time/time. andobtained through the French Temps. Tense is a verb form in the grammar that shows theoccurrence of an act or event and the stage of completion. So that means in Indonesian The meaning of tenses is a description or explanation ofwhen an event or action. Events or actions occur in a sentence: it is now - the past - orfuture. Or change the verb forms according to the time of occurrence of an event andchange the time information. The meaning of the verb tenses are associated with the timing of when. These tenses we cant compare with the structure of Indonesian as unknown in Indonesian tenses of smiliar structure. Tenses are the kinds of time in the English language support. Tenses are used to indicate when an event or events occur. The tenses are a gamabran or explanation, when an event, incident, statements,news and action in the sentence appropriate to the circumstances, such as: current, past or who are dating or change the form of the verb. In simple terms, means the form of word tenses that show wakt, either from an act activity or level of completeness. (Library Widyatama, A.Faidlal ali rahman, SE.Par)

Chapter II understanding of the various tenses 1. Simple Present Tenses

These tenses are used to indicate the activities carried out repeatedly, or habit. Formula : I/YOU/WE/THEY + Infinitive (V1) HE/SHE/IT + Infinitive + s/es/ies

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Verb 1+(s/es/ies) 2. Negative Sentence (-) S + DO/DOES + NOT +V1 3. Interrogative Sentence (?) DO/DOES + V1 + O/Adv

Time signal: - every day - every week - every month - in the morning - seldom - often

2. Present Continuous Tenses

These tenses are used to indicate the current ongoing activities or while talking. Formula: I + to be (am) + Present Participle + Present Participle + Present Participle

YOU/WE/THEY + to be (are) HE/SHE/IT + to be (is)

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + To Be + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + To Be + Not + V-ing 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

To Be + S +V-ing Time signal: - now - this morning - this afternoon - still - soon - today

3. Present PerfectTenses Tenses is used to denote an activity that has been done but still have something to do with the present. The formula:
I/YOU/WE/THEY HE/SHE/IT + Have + Past Participel + Has + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Has/Have + V3 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Has/Have + Not + V3 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Has/Have + S +V3 Time signal: - already - Never/ Ever - yesterday - since - just - once/ twice 4. Present Perfect ContinuousTenses
Tenses is used to denote activities that have been started and lasted until now The formula: I/YOU/WE/THEY HE/SHE/IT + Have + Been + Past Participel + Has + Been + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Has/Have + Been + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Has/Have + Not + Been + V3 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Has/Have + S +Been + V-ing Time signal: - for. - how long.. - all the day

5. simple Past Tenses

Tenses Past is used to express the activities carried out in the past. The formula:

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + V2 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Did + Not + V1 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Did + S + V1 Time signal: - last night - last week - two day ago - four months ago - a fewminute ago

6. Tenses Past Continuous

Tenses is used to declare an event that is happening in the past. The formula: YOU/WE/THEY + to be (were) + Present Participle I/HE/SHE/IT + to be (was) + Present Participle

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + To Be + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + To Be + Not + V-ing 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

To Be + S +V-ing Time signal: - as - when - while - all day yesterday 7. Past Perfect
These tenses are used for activities of the state have been completed in the past before another activity occurs. The formula: I/YOU/WE/THEY HE/SHE/IT + Had + Past Participel + Had + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Had + V3 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Had + Not + V3 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Had + S +V3 Time signal: - before - after - until

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tenses

These tenses are used in the past events have been and are being continued for a period of time when another incident occurs. The formula: I/YOU/WE/THEY HE/SHE/IT + Had + Been + Past Participel + Had + Been + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Had+ Been + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Had + Not + Been + V3 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Had + S +Been + V-ing Time signal: - for. - when - since

9. simple Future Tenses.

Future Tenses Simple is used to show activity in the future. The formula:

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + will + V1 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + will + Not + V1 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

will + S + V1 Time signal: - tonight - tomorrow

- soon - this weekend 10. Tenses Future Continuous

Tenses is used to declare the upcoming activities and progress. The formula: I/WE HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + shall + Be + Past Participel + will + Be + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Shall/will+ Be + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Shall/will + Not + Be + V-ing 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Shall/will + S +Be + V-ing Time signal: - if - when - tomorrow 11. Tenses Future Perfect
Tenses is used to declare an act or an event that has been completed or will have been completed at a certain place in time to come. The formula: I/WE HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + shall + Have + Past Participel + will + Have + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Shall/will + Have + V3 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + Shall/will + Not + Have + V3 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Shall/will + S +Have + V3 Time signal: - by next..

- by next week.. - by Sunday

12. Tenses Future Perfect Continuous

Tenses is used to declare an act or event which would have been being done or happening at some point in the future. The formula: I/WE . HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + shall + Have been + Past Participel + will + Have been + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + Shall/will + Have been + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)
S + Shall/will + Not + Have been + V-ing 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

Shall/will + S +Have + been + V-ing Time signal: - for. next.. - by the end of.. 13. Past Future Tenses
tenses Past is used to declare an act that has been planned at some point in the past but not implemented, probably because of an obstruction or something else. The formula: I/WE HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + should + Infinitive + would + Infinitive

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + would/should + V1 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + would/should + Not + V1 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

would/should + S + V1 Time signal: - the next day - the day before - the week before 14.Tenses Future Past Continuous
Tenses is used to declare an act of will is being done at certain times in the past, but for some reason other then the act was not so. The formula: I/WE HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + should + Be + Present Participel + would + Be + present Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + would/should + Be + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + would/should + Not + Be + V-ing 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

would/should + S +Be + V-ing Time signal: - next week - next. - tomorrow 15. Future Past Perfect Tenses
Tenses is used to declare an act or an event that has been completed or will have completed happen at some point in time will come. The formula: I/WE HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + should + Have + Past Participel + would + Have + past Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + would/should + Have + V3 2. Negative Sentence (-)

S + would/should + Not + Have + V3 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

would/should + S +Have + V3 Time signal: - on..last month - at..yesterday - inlast year

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tenses

Tenses is used to declare an act or an event that would have been and are being done or happened in the past, and now the act or event has been completed. The formula: I/WE HE/SHE/IT/YOU/THEY + should + Have been + Present Participel + would + Have been + present Participel

1. Positive Sentence (+) S + would/should + Have been + V-ing 2. Negative Sentence (-)
S + would/should + Not + Have been + V-ing 3. Interrogative Sentence (?)

would/should + S +Have + been + V-ing Time signal: - by last.. - by last week

Chapter III examples of tenses 1. Simple Present Tenses I study English every day (+) He doesnt usually study english (-) Do you sometimes speak Indonesian? (?) 2. Present Continuous Tenses I am learning English now (+) You are not(arent) playing guitar (-) Is she following the course right now? (?) 3. Present PerfectTenses We have gone to Jakarta (+) They havent played football (-) Has he sung a song well? (?) 4. Present Perfect ContinuousTenses It has been sleeping on the sofa chair (+) She hasnt been eating the rice (-) Have they been drinking water? (?) 5. Simple Past Tenses I worked here with you (+) We didnt get a price (-) Did you speak English? (?) Tenses Past Continuous 6. Past Perfect he had taken bath in the bath room (+) she hadnt spoken to my uncle (-) had I played the guitar? (?) 7. Perfect Continuous Tenses We were reading the lesson (+) You werent looking for the macth (-) Were they listening to radio? (?) 8. Past perfect continuous I had been loving him (+) We hadnt been speaking about the problem (-) Had I been working at company? (?)

9. simple Future Tenses it will sleep here nicely (+) she wont (will not) match television (-) shall I go with you? (?) 10. Tenses Future Continuous I shall be going to school (+) We shant be learning a subject (-) She wont be coming there? (?) 11. Tenses Future Perfect youll have spoken English (+) she wont have stiken the girl (-) will it have jumped in from of room? (?) 12. Tenses Future Perfect Continuous I shall have been sitting here (+) They wont have been opening the door (-) Shall I have been kidding the boy? (?) 13. Past Future Tenses I should (Id) go to Bali (+) I shouldnt take water (-) Should I drink this water? (?) 14. Tenses Future Past Continuous
I should be working hard (+) We shouldnt be watching the television (-) Should I be loving her? (?)

15. Past Future Perfect Tense I should have listened to the radio (+) she wouldnt have studied the subjet (-) Wouldnt he have looked at the gril? (?) 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tenses You would have been meeting her (+) I shouldnt have been working hard (-) Would she been writing the lesson? (?)