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Modeling 2

The document outlines a written exam for Structural Modelling of Existing Buildings, focusing on the analysis of a masonry-like material under compressive loads. It includes problems related to transformed stiffness matrices, strains, and stresses in various coordinate systems, as well as questions on masonry panel behavior and finite element analysis shape functions. The exam is dated July 20, 2023, and contains appendices detailing transformation laws for constitutive equations.

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aeq610122
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9 views2 pages

Modeling 2

The document outlines a written exam for Structural Modelling of Existing Buildings, focusing on the analysis of a masonry-like material under compressive loads. It includes problems related to transformed stiffness matrices, strains, and stresses in various coordinate systems, as well as questions on masonry panel behavior and finite element analysis shape functions. The exam is dated July 20, 2023, and contains appendices detailing transformation laws for constitutive equations.

Uploaded by

aeq610122
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Structural Modelling of Existing Buildings - 98149

Written exam
July 20, 2023

Problem 1
Given the engineering constants of a homogenized Masonry-like material in the principal material reference ẽ1 , ẽ2 :

E1 = 3GPa, E2 = 2GPa, ν12 = 0.1, G12 = 0.9GPa

Given the anisotropy angle ζ = 0 (i.e. the angle between e1 and ẽ1 , being the reference system used in the problem
description e1 = e1 , e2 = e2 ) and given the applied compressive stress field in the e1 , e2 coordinate system

σ11 = 0, σ22 = 10, τ12 = 0

find the following:


• Transformed stiffness matrix C
• Strains in the e1 , e2 coordinate system
• Strains and stresses in a generic reference system ê1 , ê2 inclined by α = π/4 with respect to the reference basis

Question 1
Considering the layout of the Problem 1, discuss the typical behavior of a masonry panel under compressive loads in
relation to its failure conditions according to the simplified equivalent layered model.

Question 2
What is a shape function in FE analysis? What is the number of shape functions for a EB beam element? Motivate your
answer.

NAME: MATRICOLA:

.................................. ..................................

1
Appendix A
Transformation laws of the constitutive equations from the material or principal reference system ẽ1 , ẽ2 of the lamina to
the coordinates used in the problem description (general ē1 , ē2 reference system, rotated of ψ with respect ẽ1 , ẽ2 )
    
σ11 C11 C12 0 ε11
[σ̃] = [C̃][ϵ̃] =  σ22  =  C12 C22 0   ε22  (1)
τ12 0 0 C66 γ12
    
σ11 C11 C12 C16 εxx
[σ̄] = [C̄][ϵ̄] =  σ22  =  C12 C22 C26   εyy  (2)
τ12 C16 C26 C66 γxy
   
C11 C12 C16 C11 C12 0
[C̄] = [C] =  C12 C22 C26  = [Q]σ [C̃][Q]−1 ϵ = [Q]σ [C̃][Q]⊤
σ = [Q] σ
 C 12 C22 0  [Q]⊤ (3)
C16 C26 C66 0 0 C66
where [Q]σ and [Q]ϵ are  
cos2 ψ sin2 ψ 2 cos ψ sin ψ
[Q]σ =  sin2 ψ cos2 ψ −2 cos ψ sin ψ  (4)
− cos ψ sin ψ cos ψ sin ψ cos 2ψ
 2 2

cos ψ sin ψ cos ψ sin ψ
[Q]ϵ =  sin2 ψ cos2 ψ − cos ψ sin ψ  (5)
−2 cos ψ sin ψ 2 cos ψ sin ψ cos 2ψ
Considering that [Q]σ [C̃][Q]⊤ −1 −1 ⊤
σ = [Q]σ [C̃][Q]ϵ , being [Q]ϵ = [Q]σ .

The stress and the strains are transformed according to

[σ̄] = [σ] = [Q]σ [σ̃] (6)

[ϵ̄] = [ϵ] = [Q]ϵ [ϵ̃] (7)


Consider that the angle is ψ = ζ ψ = α or in our case.

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