SEMINAR REPORT ON NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC) Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY Degree In Computer

Science & Engineering By Akila Zutshi ( 0922510401) Seminar Coordinators

DEVESH GARG

ACCURATE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY GREATER NOIDA April 2012

CERTIFICATE

Certified that Akila Zutshi has carried out the Presentation titled Near Field Communication for the award of Bachelor of Technology from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow under my supervision. The Presentation embodies result of original work and studies carried out by student himself and the contents of the Presentation do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Date:

(Devesh Garg)/ Sunil Kr. Sharma SUPERVISOR Designation: Associate Professor Department: C.S. & E.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost I wish to thank my Guide Prof. Devesh garg / Sunil Kr. Sharma for his kind blessings to me. He allowed me the freedom to explore, while at the same time provided me with invaluable sight without which this dissertation would not have been possible.

DEVESH GARG

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Within the last few years, contactless card technology has been maturing and has been adopted by major sectors such as transport, payment, and retailing. In parallel, mobile phones with the additional offerings of Internet and multimedia services have successfully entered peoples lifestyles. Contactless card technology can now expand its domain of applicability by adding contactless functionality to the mobile phone. The Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile service, which leverages the current contactless infrastructures, has just started to emerge. In some countries, services benefiting from the convergence of contactless card technology and mobile phones have already been introduced commercially, and these converging services are ubiquitous and successful.

1.2 General introduction

Near Field Communication or NFC is a short-range high frequency wireless communication technology which enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 centimetre (around 4 inches) distance. The technology is a simple extension of the ISO 14443 proximity-card standard (contactless card, RFID) that combines the interface of a smartcard and a reader into a single device. An NFC device can communicate with both existing ISO 14443 smartcards and readers, as well as with other NFC devices, and is thereby compatible with existing contactless infrastructure already in use for public transportation and payment. NFC is primarily aimed at usage in mobile phones.

One of the main goals of NFC technology has been to make the benefits of short-range contactless communications available to consumers globally. The existing radio frequency (RF) technology base has so far been driven by various business needs, such as logistics and item tracking. While the technology behind NFC is found in existing applications, there has been a shift in focus most notably, in how the technology is used and what it offers to consumers

Near-field Communication (NFC) is characterized as a very shortrange radio communication technology with a lot of potential, especially when applied to mobile handsets. Usages of NFC include the electronic wallet to make payments using your handset, the same way you do with your credit card.

1.3.1 Major Goal of NFC One of the main goal of NFC technology has been to make the benefits of shortrange contactless communications available to consumers globally. The existing radio frequency (RF) technology base has so far been driven by various business needs, such as logistics and item tracking. With just a point or a touch, NFC enables effortless use of the devices and gadgets we use daily. 1.3.2 List of Applications of NFC:Here are some examples of what a user can do with an NFC mobile phone in an NFC-enabled environment: 1. Download music or video from a smart poster. 2. Exchange business cards with another phone. 3. Pay bus or train fare. 4. Print an image on a printer. 5. Use a point-of-sale terminal to pay for a purchase, the same way as with a standard contactless credit card. 6. Pair two Bluetooth devices. 1.2 features of NFC

 Based on RF Technology at 13.56 MHz . Operating distance up to 20 cm, typically even less Data exchange rate up to ~1 M bit planned. Compatible with todays field proven RFID technology

Chapter 2

Technological overview 2.1 communication modes Active Mode of communication:- Two active devices communicate with each other. Both devices generate their own field to carry the data. Passive mode of communication:- Only one device generates the RF field while the other device uses load modulation to transfer the data. NFC protocol specified that the Initiator is responsible for generating the radio field in this case. This mode is important for battery powered devices like mobile phones and PDAs that need to prioritize energy use. Passive mode allows them to be used in power saver mode thus saving energy.

2.2 OPERATING MODES OF NFC NFC devices are unique in that they can change their mode of operation to be in reader/writer mode, peer-to-peer mode, or card emulation mode. The different operating modes are based on the ISO/IEC 18092 NFC IP-1 and ISO/IEC14443 contactless smart card standards.

2.2.1

PEER TO PEER COMMUNICATION

In Peer-to-Peer mode, two NFC devices can exchange data. For example, you can share Bluetooth or Wi-Fi link set up parameters,

and exchange data such as virtual business cards or digital photos. Peer-to-Peer mode is standardized on the ISO/IEC 18092 standard.

2.2.2

ISO18092 This International Standard defines communication modes for (NFCIP-1) using inductive coupled devices operating at the centre frequency of 13,56 MHz for interconnection of computer peripherals. It also defines both the Active and the Passive communication modes of NFCIP-1 to realize a communication network using NFC devices.

 This

Standard specifies modulation schemes, coding, transfer speeds, and frame format of the RF interface, as well as protocol

2.2.3 READER/WRITER MODE In reader/writer mode, the NFC devices capable of reading NFC Forum mandated tag types, such as in the scenario of reading an NFC Smart poster tag. The reader/writer mode is on the RF interface compliant to the ISO 14443and FeliCa schemes 2.2.4. ISO14443 ISO/IEC 14443 defines a proximity cards used for identification of standard credit card form. Describes two types of cards: type A and type B, differ in modulation methods, coding schemes and protocol initialization procedures but same transmission protocol. Component terms : PCD proximity coupling device (or reader) ,PICC proximity integrated circuit card

2.2.5 TAG EMULTION MODE The NFC device itself acts as an NFC tag, appearing to an external reader much the same as a traditional contactless smartcard. This enables contactless payments and e ticketing .