Near field

communication
(NFC)

M R . S I S AY T U M S A ( A S S . P R O F )

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NFC
"Today you pay for things by cash or on your credit card. Tomorrow,
you'll use your mobile to buy the things you want,"
-Tom Alexander, CEO of Orange UK.

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What is Smart Phone?
 Feature Phones: More commonly run on proprietary
firmware, with third-party software support through
platforms such as Java ME (Micro Edition).
 Smart Phone: A Smartphone is a mobile phone that
offers more advanced computing ability and
connectivity than a contemporary basic 'feature
 One of the most significant differences is that the
advanced application programming interfaces (APIs)
on Smartphones for running third-party applications

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Cont’d…
In 1973, Theodore George “Ted” Paraskevakos
patented the concepts of combining
1. Intelligence,
2. Data processing and
3. Visual display screens with
4. Telephones, outlining the now commonplace
activities of banking and paying utility bills via
telephone.

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Smartphones
 The first Symbian phone the touch screen
Ericsson R380 Smartphone was released in
2000 and was the first device to be
marketed as a 'smartphone’'. It
combined a PDA with a mobile phone.
◦ BlackBerry
◦ Apple….HTC…..

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What is NFC???
 NFC is a standards-based, short-range wireless
connectivity technology that enables convenient
short-range communication between electronic
devices.
 Applications include contactless transactions, data
exchange, and simplified setup of more complex
communications such as Wi-Fi.
 Communication is also possible between an NFC
device and an unpowered NFC chip, called a "tag“.

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 Features & Facts of NFC-
 A short range, high frequency, and wireless
communication technology.
 It was started with smart phone
 Media-radio technology
 Based on RFID Technology.
 Mainly aimed for mobile & handheld devices.

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Cont’d…
• NFC is basically a protocol based
• Both phones should contain NFC protocols if you
want to do payment. Both devices should know
the protocol only.
• OS independent, Device independent- Money
exchange is possible even OS and Devices may be
different on both Its ISO standard based protocol
• Driving License, smart phone, Smart card etc.

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Cont’d…
 It’s better than Bluetooth because consumes less power.
 In Bluetooth pairing is necessary at both the ends but in
NFC pairing is not necessary
 In Bluetooth power is necessary i.e. smart card has no
Bluetooth connectivity, Why?
 Bluetooth connection is possible in only two known
devices
 It uses two components-
1. Near-field transmitter and
2. Receiver to send data

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Cont’d…
• In NFC no need to fill form like Credit card to pay
• NFC contains interoperability which is NFC
compliant
• If NFC connection lost everything delete so its
secure
• NFC case, no data stored, no local storage
• NFC active card 25 Birr and Passive card 5 Birr

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NFC Forum
• NFC FORUM was founded in 2004 by Nokia, Philips and Sony,
and now has more than 160 members. The Forum also
promotes NFC and certifies device compliance. The standards
include ISO/IEC 18092 and those defined by the NFC Forum
• Two Way: NFC builds upon RFID systems by allowing two-
way communication between endpoints, where earlier
systems such as contactless smart cards were one-way only.
• Since unpowered NFC "tags" can also be read by NFC
devices, it is also capable of replacing earlier one-way
applications.

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Cont’d…
• 2006 Nokia 6131 was the first NFC phone
• 2006 Specification for "SmartPoster" records
• 2009 In January, NFC Forum released Peer-to-
Peer standards to transfer contact, URL, etc.

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Working Principle
1. Radio communication
2. Touching
3. Close proximity, usually not more than a few centimeters
[10 CM to 2 inch].
4. Radio frequency band of 13.56 MHz, with a bandwidth of 14
kHz.
5. Supported data rates: 424 Kbit/s
6. For two devices to communicate using NFC, one device must
have an NFC reader/writer and one must have an NFC tag

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System Overview

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Operation Of NFC
• NFC works using magnetic induction between two
antennas located within each other's 'near field’.

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Modes of Operation
MODES OF
OPERATION

PASSIVE ACTIVE
MODE MODE

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 NFC

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Modes Of Operation
• In Active mode, both devices with NFC chip generates
an electromagnetic field and exchange data.

Two NFC enabled devices

transfer-ring data in active
mode

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Modes of Operation
• In Passive mode, there is only one active device
and the other uses that field to exchange
information.

A NFC-enabled mobile phone

is paired with a RFID-tagged
"smart poster"

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 Cont’d…
• Social networking- NFC can be used in social
networking situations, such as sharing contacts, photos,
videos or files, and entering multiplayer mobile games.
• Identity and access tokens- The NFC Forum promotes the
potential for NFC-enabled devices to act as electronic identity
documents and keycards [like India] . AADHAR……..
• As NFC has a short range and supports encryption, it may be
more suitable than earlier, less private RFID systems.

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Uses of NFC

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 Cont’d…
• The Global System for Mobile Association (GSMA)
has launched a Pay-Buy-Mobile project to enable
consumers to pay for goods and services via their
mobile phones.
"By storing a consumer's credit or debit card within the
SIM card and employing NFC technology, the mobile
phone can be passed near a contactless Point Of Sale
(POS) terminal to complete transactions,"
---Said Nav Bains, GSMA's senior director of mobile money.

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Contd…

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NFC

An NFC-enabled mobile phone interacting
with a Smart Poster

A ticket stamping machine of

the Austrian Federal Railways
that can be used to purchase
mobile tickets ("Handy-Ticket").

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 Applications of NFC
NFC applications can be split into the following three
basic categories:
Touch and Go
Touch and Confirm
Touch and Connect

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 Touch and Go
• Applications such as Access control or
Transport/event ticketing, where the user needs
only to bring the device storing the ticket or
access code close to the reader. Example for
picking up an Internet URL from a smart label on
a poster.

Touch and go Mode of application

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Touch and Confirm
• Applications such as mobile payment where the
user has to confirm the interaction by entering a
password or just accepting the transaction.

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Touch and Connect
• Linking two NFC-enabled devices to enable peer to peer
transfer of data such as downloading music, exchanging
images or synchronizing address books.

Data transfer via NFC

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Advantages Of NFC
• Two-way data communication [ Cards No]
• High convenience to the user, because the data exchange is
done by bringing two mobiles together.
• High and Secure communication [Short &
Encryption/encoding system].
• No special software. Less power consumption
• No manual configuration and settings.
• No search and pair procedure.
• High recognition speed, and low recognition error
• No interference due to decaying fields
◦ NFC is complementary to Bluetooth
◦ NFC also works in dirty environment

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SWOT-Strengths/Opportunities
• (SWOT )Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and
Threats
o Empowers the Client
o Convenient & Simple
o Capitalize on innovation
o Improve service offering
o Contd…..

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Technical Basics of SWOT
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
• Usually misunderstandings are rather rare, since t
he devices have to placed in direct proximity.
• The protocol proceeds from the principle: Listen
before talk
• If the case occurs that two or more targets
answer at exactly the same time, a collision
will be detected by the initiator

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Some Devices using NFC Technology
• Nexus S
• Google Nexus S 4G
• Samsung Galaxy S II
• Samsung Galaxy Note
• Galaxy Nexus
• Nokia 6212 Classic
• Nokia 6131 NFC

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System Overview
Hardware
◦ Transmitter
◦ PC interface (MAX232A)
◦ Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (POS+25)
◦ Power Amplifier (LM6181)
◦ Loop Antenna
◦ Receiver
◦ Loop Antenna
◦ Amplifier (LM6181)
◦ Phase Lock Loop (NE564)
◦ PC interface (MAX232A)

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Operating Modes of NFC
• NFC devices are unique in that they can change their
mode of operation .
1. PEER-TO-PEER MODE,

2. READER/WRITER MODE,

3. CARD EMULATION MODE

The different operating modes are based on the ISO/IEC 18092

NFC IP- 1 and ISO/IEC 14443  contactless smart card standards

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Peer to peer communication
• In Peer-to-Peer mode, two NFC devices can exchange
data.
• Peer-to-Peer mode is standardized on the ISO/IEC 18092
standard

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Reader/writer Mode
• In reader/writer mode, the NFC device is capable
of reading NFC Forum mandated tag types, such
as in the scenario of reading an NFC
Smartposter tag.
• The reader/writer mode is on the RF interface
compliant to the ISO 14443 and FeliCa schemes.

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Card Emulation Mode
• The NFC device itself acts as an NFC tag,
appearing to an external reader much the same
as a traditional contactless smartcard. This
enables contactless payments and e-ticketing.

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Authentication Methods
 What you know- Login, Passwords, Key Card, ID Card,
Token, USB Jump Drive
 What you have- What You Have Physical object is
needed in order to gain access
 What you are- Biometrics- Fingerprint Scanners, Voice
Print Recognition, Hand and/or Palm Geometry, Retinal
Scan, Iris Scan, Facial Scan

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Technical Basics
COMPARISON WITH OTHER INFRARED(IRDA)
TECHNOLOGIES
• Requires direct line-of-sight
RFID
• Sensitive to external influence
• Cost of spreading the readers.
Disadvantages
• Memory capacity of the tags
• Data transfer rate is small
BLUETOOTH(BT) compared to blue tooth and
other wireless communications
• Slow set-up time
• No protection in eavesdropping
• At present it
has the greatest speed

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Future of NFC
• New generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad
products would reportedly be equipped with NFC
capability which would enable small-scale
monetary transactions.
• Recently, Microsoft announced that all Windows
8 Phone devices will make use of the NFC
technology.

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OTHER Technologies in
Ethiopia
• Digital cheque,
• Mobile call or SMS
Kifiya
• Financial Technology has recently been introduced in Ethiopia. It
is known for providing billing system in Addis Ababa
M-BIRR
• Is another system which is convenient and reliable way of
sending money to anywhere in Ethiopia.
• It can be done any time, day or night from your mobile phone.  

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End

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