IMPROVING FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND FOOD CONTROL IN BANGLADESH

FOODINSPECTIONAND ENFORCEMENTINBANGLADESH: CURRENTARRANGEMENTSAND CHALLENGES

FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations October2010

ReportpreparedbytheFAOFoodSafetyProjectTeam
1stFloor,InstituteofPublicHealth,Mohakhali,Dhaka1212,Bangladesh Telephone: +88028818161 Email: info@bdfoodsafety.org Website: www.bdfoodsafety.org

Contents
1. 2. 3. Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Method of Information Collection.............................................................................................................1 Key Findings............................................................................................................................................1 3.1 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) .......................................................................2 3.1.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................2 3.1.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocols ................................................................2 3.1.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ..................................................................2 3.1.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting................................................................3 3.1.5 Funding .........................................................................................................................3 3.2 Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives ......................................3 3.2.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................3 3.2.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocols ................................................................4 3.2.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ..................................................................4 3.2.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting................................................................4 3.2.5 Funding .........................................................................................................................4 3.3 Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) ...............................................................4 3.3.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................5 3.3.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol..................................................................5 3.3.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ..................................................................5 3.3.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting................................................................6 3.3.5 Funding .........................................................................................................................6 3.4 Department of Livestock Services (DLS) ...................................................................................6 3.4.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................6 3.4.2 Meat Inspection and Enforcement Protocol ..................................................................6 3.4.3 Meat Sampling and Testing Arrangements ..................................................................6 3.4.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting................................................................7 3.4.5 Funding .........................................................................................................................7 3.5 Department of Fisheries (DoF) ...................................................................................................7 3.5.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................7 3.5.2 Fish Inspection and Enforcement Protocol ...................................................................7 3.5.3 Fish Sampling and Testing Arrangements....................................................................8 3.5.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting................................................................8 3.5.5 Funding .........................................................................................................................8 3.6 Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) ..............................................................................8 3.6.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................8 3.6.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol..................................................................8 3.6.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ..................................................................9 3.6.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting................................................................9 3.6.5 Funding .........................................................................................................................9 3.7 Directorate General of Food (DGF)............................................................................................9 3.7.1 Human Resources, Education and Training .................................................................9 3.7.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol..................................................................9 3.7.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ..................................................................9 3.7.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting..............................................................10 3.7.5 Funding .......................................................................................................................10 3.8 Inspection of Imported Food ....................................................................................................10 3.8.1 Human Resources, Education and Training ...............................................................10 3.8.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol................................................................10 3.8.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ................................................................11 3.8.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting..............................................................11 3.8.5 Funding .......................................................................................................................11 3.9 Inspection by Mobile Courts .....................................................................................................11 3.9.1 Human Resources, Education and Training ...............................................................11 3.9.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol................................................................12 3.9.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements ................................................................12 3.9.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting..............................................................12 3.9.5 Funding .......................................................................................................................12 Analysis of Food Inspection ..................................................................................................................13 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................................................14 Recommendations for Action ................................................................................................................14 List of Annexes ......................................................................................................................................15

4. 5. 6. 7.

Abbreviations
BAEC BARI BCSIR BQSP BSTI DAE DGF DGHS DLS DoF DSI EU FIQC HACCP IPH IPO ISO MoA MoFDM MoFL MoHFW MoI MoLGRDC NFSAC PHL SI ULO UNIDO USI Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Bangladesh Quality Support Programme Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution Department of Agricultural Extension Directorate General of Food Directorate General of Health Services Department of Livestock Services Department of Fisheries District Sanitary Inspector European Union Fish Inspection and Quality Control Hazard analysis critical control point Institute of Public Health Import Policy Order International Standards Organization Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Industries Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives National Food Safety Advisory Council Public Health Laboratory Sanitary Inspector Upazila Livestock Officer United Nations Industrial Development Organization Upazila Sanitary Inspector

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1. Introduction
Food safety is an important public health concern in both developed and developing countries. The provision of safe and suitable food to consumers requires an effective national food control system. Food inspection and enforcement is an important element of such a system. The current food control system in Bangladesh involves multiple ministries and agencies. Fifteen ministries are involved in food safety and quality control and ten ministries are directly involved in food inspection and enforcement services. The roles and responsibilities of the concerned ministries and agencies are unclear and do not cover the whole food chain from farm-to-table. The overall coordination body for food safety and food control at the national level is the National Food Safety Advisory Council (NFSAC). This report describes current food inspection and enforcement arrangements; identifies gaps, overlaps, strengths and weaknesses in the current system; and recommends ways to strengthening food inspection and enforcement services for domestically produced and imported foods.

2. Method of Information Collection

From July 2009 until June 2010, the FAO Food Safety Project Team collected data and information on food inspection through a series of face-to-face interviews, meetings and discussions with key government officials and staff directly involved in food inspection and enforcement activities in Bangladesh. This included visits to port facilities, food manufacturing plants, fresh food markets and street vending operations. A list of people interviewed is attached in Annex A.

3. Key Findings
As described above, food control in Bangladesh involves oversight by a number of ministries and agencies. The following table identifies the key institutions involved.

Ministry
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives. Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Ministry of Industries Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Ministry of Finance Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Establishment

Agencies/Departments:

Involved in food safety and quality including inspection and enforcement

Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) 6 Division, 64 districts and 482 Upazilas Municipalities - 308 City Corporations - 6 Directorate of Food Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) Universal Salt Iodization Project Department of Fisheries (DoF) Department of Livestock Services (DLS) Department of Customs (in ports) Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) Department of Police Executive Magistrates involved in Mobile Courts

3.1

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)

Except for areas controlled by municipalities and city corporations, the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) under the MoHFW has national responsibility for protecting the health of consumers by ensuring food safety and quality. 3.1.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

Sanitary Inspectors employed by DGHS implement the Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005; the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967; the Bangladesh Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Act, 1989; the Bangladesh Breast Milk Substitute Ordinance, 1984; and the Bangladesh Penal Code, 1860 (Particularly sections 268-294). See Annex B. Upazila Sanitary Inspectors (USI) are the key staff responsible for food inspection and enforcement activities. All Upazilas have one USI who is supervised by 64 District Sanitary Inspectors (DSI). In addition to USI, about 40 Sanitary Inspectors work in different institutes and ports. Altogether about 600 Sanitary Inspectors are employed by MoHFW. An organizational structure of DGHS is attached in Annex C. Sanitary inspectors (SI) (Class III employees) are recruited internally among staff that have at least three years experience as Health Assistants and completed the three years undergraduate diploma course Sanitary Inspectorship Training offered by the Institute of Health Technology under MoHFW. After graduation, inspectors have very limited opportunities for further professional development through on-the-job training. 3.1.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocols

USIs prepare monthly inspection plans covering markets, retail outlets, foodservice establishments, food processing plants and other premises. There are no requirements for a specific number of inspections to be conducted, but inspectors are instructed to collect at least five food samples per month. Where food samples are collected, they are only analyzed for selected quality parameters. Food inspection activities cover all types of food businesses and food items. However, due to limited resources in terms of staff, means of transportation, equipment etc. many food businesses remain uninspected. Inspection activities are typically triggered on the basis of the following: the issue or reissue of the food premises license for foodservice establishments; complaints from consumers; special inspection e.g. addressing an emerging public health problem or any outbreak; reporting of a food safety issue in the media; or as part of a mobile inspection team organized by local civil administration.

Regular inspections are conducted without any prior notice to the food businesses. In cases of follow-up inspections and when a warning notice has been issued, the food businesses are notified in advance. Inspectors follow instructions listed in the Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005, but there is a need for providing inspectors with inspection manuals, guidelines and checklists. 3.1.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Food samples are collected only among the 107 generic food items listed in the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967. Hence many food products are excluded from sampling and testing. 2

Inspectors do not follow any standardized sampling methods and have only limited access to inspection and sampling equipment. Occasionally on-the-spot testing of e.g. iodine in salt or specific gravity assessments of milk may be performed. Physical tests may also be conducted and if a product is suspected of being adulterated or unsafe, samples may be submitted for further laboratory analyses. Samples that require laboratory analyses are sent by postal service or personally delivered to the Public Health Laboratory (PHL) at the Institute of Public Health in Dhaka. There is limited scope for aseptic collection and transportation of samples for microbiological analysis and there is a need for strengthening the capacity to maintain cold chain conditions for bacteriological tests. Between 10% and 12% of samples are rejected by the PHL because of improper collection, packaging, labeling or transportation. Reporting the results of analytical tests by the PHL to inspectors is often time consuming and in some cases it can take up to nine months from the time a sample is collected to the analytical result being received by the inspector. 3.1.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

When food businesses are found guilty of violating laws and regulations related to food safety and quality, environmental sanitation or hygienic practices, enforcement actions including immediate correction, issue of a warning letter, fines, or (rarely) temporary closure of the establishment may take place. After receiving the analytical report from PHL, the DSI files the case on behalf of the Civil Surgeon. For prosecution, handling and disposal of these cases, the health authority is constrained by inadequate support from Public Prosecutors. The DGHS has no permanent or contractual lawyer and there is a need for allocation or provision of budget for payment of external legal service. Reporting and documentation of food inspection and enforcement activities varies substantially between Upazilas. Reporting systems, checklists and other necessary documents are developed independently at Upazila level. Documentation and records are maintained manually, and there are inconsistencies in the way inspection data, test results, prosecutions, etc are handled and recorded by the Upazilas. 3.1.5 Funding

No funds are specifically earmarked in the District or Upazila budgets for food safety inspection activities. Food safety inspection makes up only a small part of the terms of reference of sanitary inspectors. The available funds are inadequate and provided irregularly. Plus, there is no consistent or regular documentation of revenue obtained through the collection of fines.

3.2

Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives

Sanitary Inspectors under the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MoLGRDC) are the key staff responsible for food inspection and enforcement activities in the countrys 308 Municipalities and six City Corporations. 3.2.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

The number of SI in each municipality and City Corporation varies according to the area, population size as well as the grading of the municipalities. In most municipalities the sanitary inspector posts are vacant and food inspection is carried out by Sanitary Inspectors 3

working under DGHS. It is estimated that about 80 Sanitary Inspectors are working under MoLGRDC including 20 Sanitary Inspectors working with the Dhaka City Corporation. Sanitary inspectors working under MoLGRDC has very limited opportunities for promotion and even with good performance, the opportunities for career progression are very limited. In Dhaka City Corporation and Rajshahi City Corporation however, SIs may be promoted to Food and Sanitation Officers and Senior Sanitary Inspector respectively. An organizational structure of MoLGRDC is attached in Annex C. The legal basis for performing food inspection and enforcement activities is similar to that of the DGHS. However, some minor additional requirements are listed under the Local Government (Municipalities) Ordinance, 2008 and the Local Government (City Corporations) Ordinance, 2008. See Annex B. 3.2.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocols

Sanitary inspectors working under MoLGRDC do not have any specific inspection targets, plans, manuals, sampling or testing equipment and transport. The MoLGRDC is responsible for issuing food business licenses as well as for inspecting premises prior to issuing the licence and at time of renewal. The responsibility of Municipalities and City Corporations include inspection of meat and live animals. However, few local government bodies employ veterinarians to undertake animal and meat inspection, and few, if any, samples are collected for safety or quality testing. 3.2.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Similar to USI and DSI inspectors, sanitary inspectors working under MoLGRDC are guided by the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967 for sampling of food items. Food samples collected by MoLGRDC (except Dhaka City Corporation) are sent for testing to the PHL in Dhaka. Dhaka City Corporation has its own laboratory responsible for analysing food samples collected within its jurisdiction, however, the laboratory is poorly equipped and many samples are sent to PHL for analyses. A significant number of Municipalities and City Corporations have inadequate capacity to perform food inspection services and very limited inspection and enforcement activities take place. 3.2.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Sanitary Inspectors prosecute offenders on behalf of the Mayor or the Chief Executive/Chief Health Officer in the Municipality or City Corporation. In some cases, the Municipalities and City Corporations have their own lawyer. Reporting and documentation is manual and varies widely between local government bodies. 3.2.5 Funding

Municipalities and City Corporation do not have specific budgets allocated to food inspection and enforcement activity.

3.3

Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI)

Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) is an autonomous entity, under the Ministry of Industries (MoI). BSTI is responsible for developing and promoting industrial standardization through drafting of standards for food as well as non-food items. BSTI 4

inspects and certifies food businesses producing products for which a mandatory BSTI standard applies. BSTI also serves as the Codex Contact Point for the country. 3.3.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

Food inspection and enforcement activities are conducted by BSTI Field Officers based in the BSTI Headquarters in Dhaka and five Regional Offices i.e. Barisal, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet. An organizational structure of BSTI is attached in Annex C. BSTI implements the following legislative documents: Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution Ordinance, 1985 and its subsequent amendments; Standards of Weights and Measures (Amendment) Act, 2001; the Bangladesh Standards of Weights and Measures (Packaged commodities) Rules, 2007 and the Product Labelling Policy, 2006. See Annex B. Currently, BSTI has eleven Field Officers working across the country. The Institute is now recruiting another 35 Field Officers, so the total number is expected to be 46 by early 2011. Field Officers are responsible for the inspection and certification of both food and non-food products. Field Officers are Class II officials and recruited by BSTI directly after graduation. BSTI Field Officers must have a post-graduate degree in science or a B.Sc. degree in Engineering. BSTI Field Officers do not necessarily have any training specifically related to food safety and inspection. BSTI offers training on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system and quality management systems including ISO 9000 to its staff. 3.3.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

BSTI Field Officers prepare monthly inspection plans, but there are no official requirements for the number of inspections to be carried out. Inspection activities are primarily based on the number of requests received for product registration, but may also be based on consumer complaints. BSTI also participates in mobile court inspection activities. The work of BSTI Field Officers is limited by the number of staff and the availability of transportation. Except for cases of license issuing and follow-up inspection based on a warning notice, inspection by BSTI is carried out without any prior notice. During an inspection, Field Officers collect samples of products for which a mandatory standard applies and assess the environmental sanitation conditions, architectural design and to some extend the personal hygiene of workers. Food inspection carried out by BSTI focuses on 59 food items for which BSTI has developed mandatory standards. In addition and on special instruction, BSTI also inspects products for which BSTI has developed voluntary standards. 3.3.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Food samples are randomly collected without any structured sampling plan, equipment or sampling and testing kits. BSTI pays the food businesses for all samples that are collected under the BSTI surveillance programme. Samples collected for the purpose of business registration and certification are provided by the concerned food business free of charge. Samples are analyzed by BSTI laboratories located in Dhaka and Divisional Headquarters. Samples are sent by postal service or delivered in person. There is little scope for aseptic collection and transportation of samples as well as for maintaining the cold chain for samples subject to bacteriological tests.

3.3.4

Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Food businesses violating BSTI implemented laws and regulations are subject to immediate enforcement action by BSTI. This may include issuing a warning letter, fine or temporary closure of the establishment. If laboratory test reports show non-compliance with mandatory standards, the BSTI certificate may be withdrawn or cancelled and the business may be closed. BSTI employs it own lawyer to provide legal support to the Institution. BSTI Field Officers use prescribed reporting forms, notification forms and checklists. Documentation and record keeping is in most cases done manually. 3.3.5 Funding

BSTI has a budget allocated for inspection and enforcement activities. The revenue obtained through collection of fines is limited and insufficient to cover the costs of inspection and enforcement activities performed by the Institution.

3.4

Department of Livestock Services (DLS)

The Department of Livestock Services (DLS) under the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF) is responsible for inspection of meat and meat products throughout the country except in areas covered by Municipalities and City Corporations. The inspection activities carried out by DLS are very limited and irregular and in practice limited to a surveillance programme for Avian Influenza. 3.4.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

Meat inspection is under the responsibility of Upazila Livestock Officers (ULO) who are supported by veterinary surgeons (VS). Both are Class I officials, recruited by government through the Public Service Commission. ULO and VS must have an educational background in veterinary medicine. About 482 ULOs and 482 VSs are working at the Upazila level. 3.4.2 Meat Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

Despite its mandate, in practice the DLS do not perform any inspection and enforcement activities. Inspection of meat and meat products at the domestic markets is carried out by MoLGRDC and imported meat is inspected by the Department of Customs. In most rural and urban areas there are no slaughterhouses or specific places allocated for slaughtering animals. The few slaughterhouses that exist are all sub-standard, live animals are not inspected and slaughtering is generally performed under very unhygienic conditions. DLS works under the Animals Slaughter (Restriction) and Meat Control Act, 1957; the Animals Slaughter (Restriction) and Meat Control (Amendment) Ordinance, 1983; the Animal Disease Act, 2005; the Animal and Animal Products Quarantine Act, 2005; Fish Feed and Animal Feed Rules, 2009. Recently, the Cabinet approved the Animal Slaughtering and Control of Standard of the Meat Act, 2010. Currently, the Act is under process of being enacted by Parliament. See Annex B. 3.4.3 Meat Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Only limited meat samples are collected and sent for analysis. However, under the Avian Influenza Surveillance Programme, poultry farms are inspected and in cases of suspicion of 6

flu, biological samples are collected and sent to one of the seven regional laboratories for screening. If samples are positive, the regional laboratory sends the sample to the Central laboratory in Dhaka. DLS is also responsible for inspection of retail outlets selling veterinary drugs and feed. 3.4.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Offenders are sentenced to imprisonment and/or penalties for any kind of violation of the laws. Reporting and documentation is done manually. 3.4.5 Funding

Limited funding is available for inspection of meat and meat products.

3.5

Department of Fisheries (DoF)

Inspection of fisheries products is carried out by the Department of Fisheries (DoF) through its three wings: (1) Fisheries Extension: inland fisheries for domestic consumption and for export; (2) Marine Fisheries: marine fishes, and (3) Fish inspection and Quality Control (FIQC): export oriented fisheries. The DoF organizational structure is shown in Annex C. 3.5.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

Recruitment of inspectors is done by the Department itself or by the government through a Public Service Commission. Graduation in Fisheries or other relevant subjects is a prerequisite for recruitment, and inspectors have opportunities for on-the-job training after employment. About 530 inspectors including Upazila Fisheries Officers are working under the Department. Fish inspection and enforcement services are carried out with reference to the following legislative documents: the Marine Fisheries Ordinance, 1983; The Fish and Fish products (Inspection and Quality) Ordinance, 1983; The Fish and Fish products (Inspection and Quality) Rules (Amendment), 2008; and the Fish Feed and Animal Feed Rules, 2009. See Annex B. 3.5.2 Fish Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

Inspection conducted by the Marine Fisheries Wing covers landing centres, industrial fishing trawlers and mechanized small boats. Inspections are also done for the purpose of issuing or renewing licenses of fishing trawlers. Mobile inspections are conducted in collaboration with the civil administration and Coast guards. No prior notice is given except for follow-up inspection and renewing of business licenses. FIQC conducts inspections routinely covering fish processing industries, fish farms, landing stations and fish markets. FIQC does not follow any structured inspection plan and does not have any fixed inspection targets. Inspectors follow an inspection manual, but equipment and other tools are provided only in limited numbers. With the support of Bangladesh Quality Support Programme (BQSP) implemented by UNIDO an inspection manual is under preparation. Inspectors are offered official transport, but it does not cover all their needs. Department of Fisheries coordinates its inspection activities with DLS and Ministry of Agriculture, but there is a need for strengthening its collaboration and coordination with MoLGDRC and MoHFW. 7

3.5.3

Fish Sampling and Testing Arrangements

FIQC collects random samples on the basis of the International Commission on Microbial Specification of Food (ICMSF). Other wings of DOF collect samples randomly without following any statistical method. For samples collected under the National Residue Monitoring Plan, DoF pays the food business the cost of the samples. However, samples collected for export certification purpose are collected without any compensation to the business. Collected samples are sent to FIQC laboratories, the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) laboratory in Dhaka and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) laboratory in Gazipur using insulated carriers. Samples are personally delivered to the laboratories. 3.5.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Enforcement action may include immediate correction, warning letter, penalty and temporary closure of the food business. Such action is taken primarily on the basis of samples not complying with requirements. Documentation and record keeping are maintained manually. 3.5.5 Funding

Inspection activities performed by DoF are financially supported by the BQSP project implemented by UNIDO (funded by European Union, EU). Other development partners also support the activities of the Department including capacity building in laboratory testing.

3.6

Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE)

Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) is responsible for increasing agricultural production in Bangladesh with the purpose of enhancing food security. However the issue of food safety receives very limited attention. Among the large number of agencies and institutes under the Ministry, the Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) has responsibility for the safety of primary produce. The Plant Protection Wing of DAE is responsible for agricultural quarantine of imported seeds and plants as well as for the control of sales of pesticides. 3.6.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

The mandate of DAE is based on the Destructive Insect and Pests Act, 1914; Destructive Insect and Pest Rules, 1966 (amended July 1989), the Pesticides Ordinance (Amendment), 2007 and Bangladesh Pesticide Rules 1985. See Annex B. There are no standards for pesticide residues in food. Upazila Agricultural Extension Officers (UAEO) assisted by SubAssistant Agriculture Officers (previously known as Block Supervisors) are responsible for assuring the safety of agricultural products. Each Upazila employs at least one UAEO. 3.6.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

There is no on-farm or off-farm monitoring or surveillance system for the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers in Bangladesh. However, DAE has an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programme which has been turned into an Integrated Crop Management (ICM) programme. The programme aims at developing awareness and skills on judicious use of pesticides and fertilizers among farmers. Currently, there are no programmes focusing on preventing arsenic and other heavy metal contamination in food chain.

3.6.3

Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

There is a need for the development and implementation of a residue monitoring plan for Bangladesh. Currently, samples are collected from imported seeds, plants and soil by the Plant Quarantine Unit. Samples are analyzed by laboratories located in Dhaka as well as in some ports including Chittagong Sea Port and Beanpole Land Port. Tests are also done for exported items. 3.6.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Imported agricultural products that do not comply with national requirements are destroyed, and legal action is taken against the importer. Documentation and reporting is decentralized and done manually as well as electronically. 3.6.5 Funding

The activities of DAE are funded by the MoA. The inspection service of DAE suffers from insufficient funds and under-equipped laboratories.

3.7

Directorate General of Food (DGF)

Directorate General of Food (DGF) under the Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM) is responsible for ensuring food security through local procurement and import of food grains. The food inspection activities of the DGF are strictly confined to the procurement, importation and storage of food grains i.e. paddy, rice and wheat, and occasionally edible oil. Inspection activities occur in central and local storage depots and silos owned by the Government. An organizational structure of DGF is attached in Annex C. 3.7.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

DGF employs about 1,650 inspectors throughout the country. DGF inspectors are Class II employees and directly recruited by DGF. Inspectors have limited opportunities for on-thejob training. Inspection and enforcement activities are carried out with reference to the following legislative documents: the Internal Food Grains Procurement Rules; The Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005; The Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967 and Bangladesh Standards (BDS) of BSTI. See Annex B. 3.7.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

Inspection activities are carried out at the procurement site, at the depots and at the ports. Inspection of imported food grains is carried out in collaboration with the Department of Customs. Inspection of premises is conducted for issuing and reissuing of miller licenses. 3.7.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Samples are randomly collected without any structured methods or sampling plans. Inspectors are provided with an inspection manual, guidelines for sample collection as well as necessary instruments and equipment. There are no costs associated with sample collection.

Samples of imported food grains are sent to the DGF laboratory in Dhaka for physical tests and to the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) for radioactivity tests. No tests for pesticide residues are conducted. 3.7.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

There is no provision for legal actions in cases of non-compliance. However, if samples do not comply with standards, they are rejected. Food grains are stored according to the product quality mentioned on the invoice and product documents. DGF provides reporting forms and checklists, with documentation/records kept manually. 3.7.5 Funding

All inspection activities are funded by DGF.

3.8

Inspection of Imported Food

Bangladesh is a net-importer of food and agricultural products from both developing and developed countries. Imported food and agricultural products arrive through the countrys three airports, two sea ports and 14 land ports. About 80% of all imported food items enter the country through Chittagong Sea Port and Benapole Land Port. During the financial year 2008-09, about 5.63 million metric tons of food including rice, wheat, pulses, sugar, edible oil and onions were imported, with a value of approximately US$1,853 million. In January 2010, the value of imported food items was about US$197 million. 3.8.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

The Department of Customs under the Ministry of Finance in close collaboration with the Port Authority is responsible for inspection of imported foods. Inspection and enforcement is carried out with reference to the following legislation: the Import Policy Order (IPO), 20092012, the Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1950 as well as a number of subsidiary Acts, Rules, Regulations and Standards. See Annex B. The superintendent (Department of Customs) is the key official responsible for inspection of imported food. The superintendent is supervised by an Assistant Commissioner. The organizational structure of Department of Customs is shown in Annex C. There are no opportunities for on-the-job training in food inspection and enforcement. The necessary skills and knowledge of staff inspecting imported food need to be strengthened in order for them to perform their duties. 3.8.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

Import food inspection includes inspection of all food items i.e. processed, packaged, raw materials etc. Inspectors do not follow any clear procedures, protocols or guidelines. Pre-shipment inspection and certification is mandatory for products imported to Bangladesh. Shipping documents must include radioactivity test reports, certificates of fit for human consumption, not mixed with harmful substances and country of origin. Meat imported from EU countries must be certified as Free from Mad Cow disease. Further to document verification, physical test including organoleptic tests are carried out at the port.

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3.8.3

Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Samples of imported food are collected by a team comprising of superintendents, representatives from the Port Authority and the importer or its representative. The Team does not follow any formal sampling procedures or plan and does not have any inspection and sampling tools and equipment. Samples are not being analyzed for microbiological contamination and pesticide residues. Importers provide samples free of cost. Imported food samples are analyzed by BSTI, BAEC, Quarantine Centre of the Plant Protection Wing, DAE, FIQC, BCSIR and Customs Department laboratory (Chittagong). Test fees are paid by the importers. Fish samples are tested for formalin/formaldehyde by using simple test kits. The requirement for radioactivity test is not strictly implemented on food products originating from SAARC and ASEAN countries. The BSTI laboratory only analyzes products for which mandatory BSTI standards exist. There are no formal arrangements for transportation of samples from the ports to the laboratories and no measures for cold chain maintenance are in place. Samples collected at the various ports are sent to the laboratories by postal service, private courier or by a person. Samples to be tested for are collected by BAEC twice a day. The release of consignments is often delayed by time consuming analytical services. 3.8.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Food and agricultural products that do not comply with national requirements are withheld by Customs until corrective measures have been implemented. Corrective measures may include correcting labels, downgrading products to fit other purposes than human consumption, and destruction or returning consignments to the country of origin. Importers may be subject to legal action if they fail to implement any corrective measures. To clear a detained consignment, the concerned importer may apply to the Chief Controller of Imports and Exports within 90 days. Documentation and record keeping is to some extend kept electronically. However, information is not shared within the Customs Department neither with other concerned Ministries and laboratories. Customs do not keep any information about compliance history of importers and exporters. 3.8.5 Funding

Laboratory test fees and customs duty on imported food items are significant sources of revenue earning to the government.

3.9

Inspection by Mobile Courts

Mobile Courts are frequently formed to address and control widespread problems associated with poor food hygiene, food adulteration, and fraudulent practices in the sale of food to consumers all over Bangladesh. 3.9.1 Human Resources, Education and Training

Mobile Inspection Teams are formed and led by the District or Upazila Administration or by City Corporations. An Executive Magistrate leads the team which comprises of Sanitary Inspectors from DGHS, MoLGRDC and BSTI. The team is supported by members of law

11

enforcing agencies. At least one Executive Magistrate is working in each District and Upazila which gives a total of about 550 Executive Magistrates. Mobile Courts enforce the Mobile Court Act, 2009 and laws scheduled under this Act. 3.9.2 Food Inspection and Enforcement Protocol

The Executive Magistrate on behalf of the Upazila or District Administration prepares a monthly plan for food inspection in his/her jurisdiction. There is no specific target for the number of markets, shops, food businesses to be inspected but there is an official instruction for organizing at least one mobile court per week. Inspection and enforcement activities are primarily based on suspicion, complaints by consumers, or media articles. Inspections are performed without prior notice to businesses. Mobile Court inspection covers all food items, but samples are being collected only among products for which BSTI has a mandatory standard and for which standards are included in the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules (1967). 3.9.3 Food Sampling and Testing Arrangements

Inspectors do not follow any official sampling plans or procedures. Samples are collected based on suspicion and personal observations. No proper sampling tools are being used and test-kits are not available. Collected samples are sent by postal service, private courier or personally delivered to BSTI, IPH, BAEC and Dhaka City Corporation laboratories. Transport for Mobile Inspection Teams is provided by the Upazila or District Administration or by agencies involved in the inspection. However, transport is often unavailable. 3.9.4 Enforcement, Documentation and Reporting

Immediate enforcement actions on violation of laws and regulations related to food safety, quality and environmental sanitation may result in immediate correction, warning letters, fines and temporary closure of the business. Food items may also be seized and destroyed when necessary. Laboratory reports are filed by the concerned prosecuting officer. Inspection reports and other documentation are kept manually. 3.9.5 Funding

There are no specifically earmarked funds for food inspection and enforcement by Mobile Courts. Neither is there any consistent and regular documentation of revenue earned through fines or penalties issued to offenders.

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4. Analysis of Food Inspection

Following the external scan of the existing system of food control in Bangladesh, the Project Team undertook a SWOT (strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T)) analysis) focussing on the role and activities of all those agencies responsible for food inspection. The results are tabulated below.
Agency
DGHS

Mandate
Ensure food safety and quality to protect public health nationally, except in city corporations and municipalities

Strengths

Weakness
Weak technical skills among inspectors Inadequate logistical support Lack inspection tools & guidelines Testing facilities Number of vacant inspector posts Under-trained manpower Lack inspection tools & guidelines Insufficient number of Field Officers Staff not trained in food safety Lack inspection tools & guidelines Staff not trained in food safety Food safety not a priority area Few inspectors Lack inspection tools & guidelines Unstructured planning of inspection activities Lack inspection tools & guidelines Limited attention to fish and fish products in domestic market. Lack inspection tools & guidelines designed for the domestic market Unstructured planning of activities Inadequate/ untrained personnel Food safety not a priority issue Lack inspection tools & guidelines Lack of technical training in food safety Lack inspection tools & guidelines

Opportunities
Strengthen collaboration with MoLGRDC and other inspection agencies Improve food analytical services Build food testing capacity Strengthen political support Strengthen collaboration with DGHS and other enforcement agencies Strengthen drafting and implementation of voluntary food standards Change mandatory standards into voluntary standards Strengthen involvement of importers Strengthen lab support Raise awareness among inspectors about food safety Strengthen collaboration with MoLGRDC and DGHS

Threats
Reduced political support to food safety Large number of unauthorized food businesses

MoLGRDC

BSTI

Strong presence at Upazila level Collaboration with MoLGRDC Mandate to address food safety issues System for submitting samples for testing Ensure food Strong linkages safety and with local quality to protect government public health in authorities city corporations Collaboration with and DGHS municipalities Inspection and Autonomy enforcement of Laboratory facilities 59 mandatory Clear mandate food standards Collaboration with Customs Enforcement mandate Collaboration with BSTI, Port Authorities and Importers Technical manpower at the Upazila level

Reduced political support to address food safety issues Large number of unauthorized food businesses Reduced cooperation with food businesses Inspection service cannot meet demand for certification Limited attention to food safety Increasing volumes of imports

Assure safety Customs Department and quality of

imported food

DLS

Ensure safety and quality of meat and meat products

Abuse of veterinary drugs in the agricultural sector

DoF

Ensure safety and quality of fish and fish products,

Technical manpower Technical and financial support from development partners Export oriented

DAE

Ensure safety and quality of agriculture products

Strong presence at field level

Strengthen organizational network with laboratory support Transfer resources from export orientation to domestic market Raise awareness among farmers about food safety Strengthen collaboration with MoLGRDC and DGHS

Mobile Courts

Ensure safety and quality of food items and establishments nationally

Strong enforcement power Community support Media support Involvement of all agencies

Strengthen food safety awareness among consumers & food businesses Strengthen media support

Limited food safety awareness among fishermen and community Increased focus on export market requirements and compliance Lack of awareness among farmers and traders Huge number of farmers Abuse of agricultural and veterinary chemicals in the sector Political influence

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The SWOT analysis has identified key deficiencies and limitations in the way food inspections are performed in Bangladesh. In combination with the data generated by field visits, the analysis has identified strategic issues that need to be addressed if Bangladesh is to have a comprehensive, risk-based system of food inspection covering all aspects of the food supply chain. Importantly it pinpoints the need for close collaboration and coordination between the key agencies responsible for food inspection and the enforcement of existing and future standards and regulations. The results of the SOWT analysis are being used to assist the Project Team to identify ways to move forward with activities and measures designed to improve and enhance food inspection and enforcement.

5. Conclusions
Food inspection and enforcement activities in Bangladesh are not risk-based and do not cover the entire food chain from farm-to-table. Multiple Ministries and agencies are involved in food inspection, but coordination, communication and collaboration between the enforcement agencies is very weak. At Upazila and Municipality level there is some collaboration between DGHS and MoLGRDC, but collaboration between other Ministries is almost non-existent. The limited communication between agencies causes considerable gaps and overlaps in enforcement responsibilities and poor management of existing resources. The inspection and enforcement power of inspection agencies is further limited by a weak and outdated legislative framework for food safety. Current legal documents address food quality rather than food safety issues and sampling and testing is carried out from a food quality point of view only. The current food inspection system focuses on collection of samples and analysis of endproducts rather than on preventative approaches. It does not take into consideration the main risk-factors affecting food safety in the country, hence corrective actions are rarely identified. This is further aggravated by the limited food safety knowledge and technical skills of Sanitary Inspectors. As well they are poorly equipped, and while record keeping and filing systems are predominantly decentralized, they are manual, and poorly and inconsistently maintained. Inspection carried out by the Mobile Courts is likewise inefficient and poorly planned. Mobile Courts are primarily carried out in urban areas and their impact on the food safety situation seems to be minimal.

6. Recommendations for Action

The food inspection and enforcement system in Bangladesh needs to be strengthened to better address the significant food safety issues that exist in the country and better protect the health of consumers. To improve the current system the following action is recommended: Simplify the institution arrangements for food inspection and clarify the roles, responsibilities, and relationships between all Ministries and agencies involved in food inspection.

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Develop appropriate inspection manuals, protocols, guidelines and checklists for inspectors to use in the field. Develop a system for record keeping and documentation of food inspection and enforcement activities. This should include establishment of an electronic database covering import and domestic market inspection activities. Increase the number of qualified inspectors in all Ministries and agencies involved in food inspection. Train inspectors in the performance of risk-based food inspection and in planning inspection and enforcement activities based on risk factors. Supply inspectors with appropriate equipment, tools and test-kits for inspection and sample collection. Strengthen the current academic course curriculum for food and sanitary inspectors. Strengthen collaboration, cooperation and information sharing between inspection and enforcement agencies across Ministries and administrative jurisdictions. Strengthen collaboration and coordination between food laboratories belonging to different Ministries and agencies. Provide logistical support to inspectors in terms of vehicles and funds for using public transportation. Improve the utilization of existing inspection resources between different Ministries and agencies. This may require training and capacity building of existing staff. Involve Health Assistants working at Union level in food inspection related activities as assistants to Sanitary Inspectors. Change BSTI mandatory food standards into voluntary standards and encourage food businesses to apply for voluntary BSTI certification, while implementing mandatory food safety standards and rules under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Strengthen the enforcement power of food and sanitary inspectors to better address food adulteration and food safety challenges.

7. List of Annexes
Annex A Annex B Annex C List of People Interviewed Legal Framework: Food Inspection and Enforcement in Bangladesh Organizational Structure of Ministries

15

Annex A

List of People Interviewed

A. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare:
Meetings: 1. Director, Primary Health Care, DGHS. 2. Director, Institute of Public Health, DGHS 3. Director, Institute of Public Health Nutrition, DGHS 4. Director, Medical Education and Health Manpower Development, DGHS 5. Director, Centre for Medical Education, DGHS 6. Secretary, State Medical Faculty, DGHS. 7. Principal, Institute of Health Technology, Dhaka, DGHS 8. Head, Public Health and Drug Testing Laboratory, IPH, DGHS 9. Sanitary Inspectors, Public Health Laboratory, IPH, DGHS 10. Civil Surgeon in Jessore and Satkhira 11. Upazila Health and Family Planning Officer, Kalaroa, Satkhira 12. District Sanitary Inspectors: Dhaka, Natore, Rangpur, Lalmonirhat, Satkhira, Jessore, Gaibandha etc. 13. Upazila Sanitary Inspectors: Kalaroa, Satkhira 14. Students of Sanitary Inspectorship course of IHT - during field trip. Communications 1. District Sanitary Inspectors of various districts 2. Upazila Sanitary Inspectors of various Upzazila 3. Principals, Institute of Health Technology, Rajshahi and Bogra. 4. Students of Sanitary Inspectorship course of IHT - during field trip. Visits 1. Public Health Laboratory, IPH, DGHS 2. Office of the Sanitary Inspectors, Kalaroa, Satkhira 5. Principals, Institute of Health Technology, Rajshahi and Bogra.

B.

Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives:

Meetings 1. Mayor, Jessore Pourashava, Jessore 2. Mayor, Satkhira Pourashava, Satkhira 3. Mayor, Monirampur, Jessore 4. Chief Health Officer, Dhaka City Corporation 5. Chief Health Officer, Khulna City Corporation 6. Chief Health Officer, Sylhet City Corporation 7. Health Officer, Chittagong City Corporation Communications 1. Sanitary Inspector, Barisal City Corporation 2. Sr. Sanitary Inspectors, Rajshahi City Corporations 3. Sanitary Inspectors: Rangpur Pourashava and other pourashavas Visits 1. Kitchen Market, Karnaphuli Complex at Muradpur, Chittagong 1. Karnaphuli Fish Market, Chittagong 2. Rural Market: Kalaoroa and Satkhira 3. Street food vendors in Jessore 4. Restaurants in Jessore 5. Fish market in Khulna 6. Rural market in Monirampur, Jessore 7. Karwan Bazar whole sale and retail kitchen market, Dhaka 8. Mohammadpur kitchen market, Dhaka 9. Mohakhali kitchen market, Dhaka

C.

Ministry of Industries:
Meetings 1. DG, BSTI, Dhaka 2. Director, CM Wing, BSTI, Dhaka

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3. Officials of BSTI Regional Office, Khulna and Chittagong 4. Project Director, CIDD project, Dhaka Communications 1. Field Officers, BSTI 2. Quality Control Managers of Different Food Industries Visits 1. Laboratories of BSTI in Chittagong and Kulna 2. Laboratory of CIDD (Salt Iodization) Project, Dhaka. 3. Kishwan Food industry , Chittagong 4. Salt Iodization Factory in Khulna and Satkhira 5. Biscuit Factory in Khulna, Jessore, Kalaroa and Satkhira

D.

Ministry of Establishment:
Meetings 1. Executive Magistrate, Kalaroa, Satkhira 2. Members of Mobile Inspection Team/Mobile Courts Communications 1. Members of Mobile Inspection Team/Mobile Courts

E.

Ministry of Finance:
Meetings 1. Officials of Department of Customs at Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka 2. Officials of the Department of Customs at Chittagong Port 3. Officials of the Department of Customs at Benapole Port, Jessore Communications 1. Officials of Department of Customs Visits 1. Laboratory of Department of Customs in Chittagong 2. Food inspection system in Chittagong port 3. Food inspection system in Benapole port

F.

Ministry of Shipping:
Meetings 1. Chairman, Chittagong Port Authority 2. Director Benapole Land Port Authority. Visits 1. Chittagong Port 2. Benapole Port

G.

Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology:

Meetings 1. Chairman, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission(BAEC) 2. Officials of various Departments of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 3. Officials of the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Chittagong 4. Officials of BCSIR/IFST, Dhaka Communications 1. Officials of the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Chittagong Visits 1. Laboratory of BAEC in Dhaka and Chittagong 2. Laboratories of IFST, Dhaka.

H.

Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock:

Meetings 1. Principal Scientific Officer, Department of Fisheries (DoF), Dhaka. 2. Director, Marine Fisheries, Chittagong 3. Deputy Director, FIQC, Chittagong. 4. Officials of FIQC, Khulna 5. District Fisheries Officer, Jessore 6. Upazila Fisheries Officer, Kalaroa, Satkhira 7. Officials of Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka

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8. District Livestock officer, Jessore 9. Upazila Livestock Officer, Kalaroa Communications 1. Officials of Department of Fisheries 2. Officials of the Department of Livestock Visits 1. FIQC Laboratories in Khulna and Chittagong 2. A Fish Processing Industry in Khulna. 3. Fish hatcheries in Satkhira 4. FIQC Lab in Benapole Port, Jessore. 5. Fish Markets in Khulna and Chittagong

I.

Ministry of Agriculture:
Meetings 1. Director, Plant Protection Wing (PPW), Department of Agriculture (DAE) Dhaka. 2. Officials of Labs of PPW and DAE, Dhaka 3. Officials of Quarantine Centre in Shahjalal Intl. Airport, Dhaka, Chittagong Port and Benapole Port 4. Deputy Director and other Officials, DAE, Jessore 5. Upazila Agriculture Officer, Kalaroa, Satkhira 6. Upazila Agriculture Officer, Sadar, Jessore Communications 1. Officials of Department of Agriculture Visits 1. Quarantine Laboratories in Shahjalal Intl. Airport, Dhaka, Chittagong Port and Benapole Port 2. IPM/ICM Clubs in Jessore

J.

Ministry of Food and Disaster Management:

Meetings 1. Director General, Directorate of Food, Dhaka 2. Director, ITDS, Directorate of Food, Dhaka. 3. Officials of Labs of Directorate of Food, Dhaka. 4. District Controller of Food, Jessore. 5. Upazila Controller of Food, Kalaroa, Satkhira Communications 1. Officials of Directorate of Food Visits 1. Laboratory Directorate of Food, Dhaka

K.

Others:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Discussions with retailers Discussions with customers in markets Discussions with Clearing and Forwarding Agents (Representatives of the Importers) at the ports Discussions with farmers including fish farmers Discussions with Pesticide sellers

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Annex B

Legal Framework: Food Inspection and Enforcement in Bangladesh

Ministry

Agency

Laws and Regulations Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005 Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967 Bangladesh Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Act, 1989 Bangladesh Breast Milk Substitute Ordinance, 1984 Bangladesh Penal Code, 1860 (Particularly sections 268-294) Local Government (City Corporations) Ordinance, 2008 Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005 Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967 Bangladesh Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Act, 1989 Bangladesh Breast Milk Substitute Ordinance, 1984 Bangladesh Penal Code, 1860 (Particularly sections 268-294) Local Government (Municipalities) Ordinance, 2008 Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005 Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967 Bangladesh Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Act, 1989 Bangladesh Breast Milk Substitute Ordinance, 1984 Bangladesh Penal Code, 1860 (Particularly sections 268-294)

Ministry of Health Directorate and Family Welfare General of Health Services

Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives

City Corporations

Municipalities

Ministry of Industries

BSTI

Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution Ordinance, 1985 and its subsequent amendments Standards of weights and Measures (Amendment) Act, 2001 Bangladesh Standards of Weights and Measures (Packaged commodities) Rules, 2007 Product Labelling Policy 2006 Animals Slaughter (Restriction) and Meat Control Act, 1957 Animals Slaughter (Restriction) and Meat Control (Amendment) Ordinance, 1983 Animal Disease Act, 2005 Animal and Animal Products Quarantine Act, 2005 Fish Feed and Animal Feed Rules, 2009 Animal Slaughtering and Control of Standard of the Meat Act 2010 Fish Feed and Animal Feed Rules, 2009 Marine Fisheries Ordinance, 1983 Fish and Fish products (Inspection and Quality) Ordinance, 1983 Fish and Fish products (Inspection and Quality) Rules (Amendment) 2008 Destructive Insect and Pests Act, 1914 Destructive Insect and Pest Rules1966 (amended in July 1989) Pesticides Ordinance (Amendment), 2007 Bangladesh Pesticide Rules 1985 Internal Food grains Procurement Rules Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967 Bangladesh Standards (BDS) of BSTI Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005

Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock

DLS

DoF

Ministry of Agriculture

Department of Agriculture Extension Directorate General of Food

Ministry of Food and Disaster management Ministry of Finance

Department of Customs Executive Magistrates

Import Policy Order (IPO), 2009-2012 Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1950 Other subsidiary Acts, Rules and Regulations and Standards Mobile Court Act, 2009

Ministry of Establishment

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Annex C

DGHS - Food Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Director General of Health Services

Additional Director General of Health Services (Administration, Planning)

Director (PHC)

Director (Admin)

Director (Disease Control)

Director-Divisional level

Civil Surgeons District Sanitary Inspectors Upazila Health and Family Planning Officers

Upazila Sanitary Inspectors

Department of Customs Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Commissioner

Additional Commissioner

Joint Commissioner

Assistant Commissioner

Superintendent 20

Dhaka City Corporation - Food Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Mayor

Chief Health Officer

Deputy Chief Health Officer

Health Officers

Assistant Health Officers

Food and Sanitation Officers

Sanitary Inspectors

City Corporations - Food Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Mayor

Chief Health Officer

Health Officers Medical officers

Sanitary Inspectors

Municipalities - Food Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Mayor

Medical Officers

Sanitary Inspectors

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BSTI CM Wing - Inspection and Certification Hierarchy

Department of Fisheries Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Director General of Fisheries

Principal Scientific Officer

(PSO-FIQC)

Director
(Inland Fisheries)

Director
(Marine Fisheries)

Deputy Director (FIQC)

Dhaka, Khulna and
Chittagong

Divisional Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Quality Control Officers

District Fisheries Officer

Principal Scientific Officer

Inspectors

Upazila Fisheries Officer

Senior Scientific Officer

Inspectors

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Directorate General of Food Inspection and Enforcement Hierarchy

Director General of Food

Director
(Training)

Director
(Accounts & Finance

Director
(IDTS)

Regional Controller of Food

Director (Administration)

Additional Director
(MIS &M) (Metrology)

Dpty. Director (DTS)

Dpty. Director
(Inspection and Control)

Chemist
District Controller of Food Silo Superintendent ManagersPUP

Asst. Director

Asst. Dpty. Director

Asst. Dpty. Director

Managers -CSD

LSD-SMO

TRO

ARO

Asst. Chemist.

Asst. Controller of Food

Asst. Manager

Inspectors of Food

Inspectors of Food

Inspectors of Food

Inspectors of Food

Lab. Tech.

UZ FC / UZ FC (Technical)

Inspectors of Food

Inspector of Food/ Inspector Technical

Sub Inspector

23