Compass
Function : To indicate the ship's direction
-
Its direction value
fluctuates from 000 -> 3600
-
It has 32 directions which
indicate the bearing
.
-
There are 2 kinds of compasses
- V
Gyre Magnetic
Compass Compass
Magnetic compass :
Rarely used onboard
-
,
but must be fitted ↑
Location island and lifeboat.
:
Monkey
-
Have when onboard.
many errors
using
-
1) Variation : is the difference between True North (TN) and
Magnetic North .
It
happens because of the Earth's
magnetic field.
HOW
-
TO CALCULATE VARIATION
S
?
the current variation , we must have
To
get 2
>
-
>
1 Annual
concerns
change in variation
-
.
.
-
. variation in
2
surveyed/given year
- HOW TO GET ANNUAL CHANGE ?
--
. Use
1
pink flag on ECDIS
.
2 Basing on compass rose
Current variation
(the differencence
=
surveyed variation I between surveyed and
current year) x annual
change
Practice
1. Var 2019 3.2°E Annual change 5.2'W → Var 2024?
var2024 = 3 2
,
%
E- (5 2'W)
,
x 5
= 272'E -
26'W = 2046'E
2. Var 2021 15.3°E Annual change 4'E → Var 2024?
Yar 2024 = 15, 3 E
°
+ (4'E)x3
30'E
:
12E
%
= 15 18'E + = 15
3. Var 2020 5.6 °W Annual change 1.2'W → Var 2024?
var 2024 = 5, 6
°
W + 11 2'W)x4
,
= 536' + 4, 8 = 54048"W
4. Var 2018 11°E Annual change 4.2'W → Var 2024?
Var2024 11 E-14 2'W) x6
%
=
,
= 10
%
5960"E -
25'12"W = 10:34'48"E
5. Var 2019 7.2°W Annual change 1.5'W → Var 2024?
(1 5'w) x 5
°
Var 2024 7 2 W
=
,
+ ,
= 702' + 7 5 ,
= 79'30"W
6. Var 2022 7°E Annual change 3.1' W → Var 2024?
var 2024 = 70E -
13 1'w)x2
,
= 7E -
6 ,
2'w
= 65960"E -
6'12"W = 65348"E
7. Var 2021 7.9°E Annual change 3'E → Var 2024?
%
>
-
8 E
8. Var 2019 12°E Annual change 5.2'W → Var 2024
>
-
11034'E
Nautical Almanac
is
-
Nautical Almanac
>
-
It is a nautical publication
containing astronomical data
for celestial navigation .
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION TERM
to calculate TA
>
-
GHA : Greenwich Hour
Angle
>
-
an
angle between celestial
Greenwich longitude.
body and
LHA Local
: Hour
Angle.
> the
angle between celestial
-
body and ship's position .
LHA-GHA I ship's longitude.
-
+
> East
->
-
West
GNP :
Geographic North Pole.
GSP : Geographic South Pole .
CND : Celestial North Pole
CSD : Celestial South Pole
NP : Nautical Publication .
ABC method
TD : True bearing (TA)
·
True azimuth = NA +
·
GD :
Gyro bearing
t
-
Take from Gyro repeaters on Bridge's wings
Ge Gyro with
> synchronized
3 : error is compass m .
GC auto pilot/master compass
Gyro Having
>
course error
-
: .
Tc : True course >
-
Clear ,
no errors
Mc
.
Tc -
Mc :
Magnetic course >
-
Periscope CND
> Me :
Magnetic error .
Dec : Declination Celestial
-
celestial
the
angle between Equator
>
-
celestial
equator and
body
.
CSP
-I
Celestial
Body
Declination True
bearing US
Gyro Bearing
=> The difference is Ge .
If TD =
Gp >
-
No Ge on
Gyro compass
Tb =
Gy I Ge
>
In shift ship the officer need to
every supervise
-
on ,
and calculate the errors of and
magnetic
gyro compass.
Gyro Error Calculation
forgyr error
The ways calculation to
a
take
Celestial body bearing by Azimuth Circle.
Step 2 :
Immediately get back to the
bridge
to record UTC time and position on GDS
1 Do not use the local time onboard
Step 3 : Record ship's heading (auto pilot I , magnetic heading
(Periscope) , variation I compass rose or pink flag
Step 4 Using : Nautical Almanac to find out GHA ,
LHA ,
dec,..
Step 5 :
Using ABC method to find true bearing of
Celestial body
Step 6 : We compare
gyru bearing at step 1 to true
bearing
of step 4.
The difference between equator and
Celestial body
.
ABC method
A tan(lat) B tanldec) C A + B
=
; =
; =
tan(LHA) Sin (LHA)
A is the same name as Lat (if LHA is between
90 and 270 %
°
B: is same name as Dec
-
C :
>
-
(1) = A + B if A and B are same name .
<2) = A-B if A and B are different name
choose the greater
