Tensile Rupture (Sections D2 & J4.

1b)

Pn = AeFu = AnUFu

Fu = Ag = tpl = # members db = Connecting Element? Net Area Determination

58ksi 4.5in2 0.5in 1 0.75in N (Y or N)

failure path #1 s (in) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 g (in) 1.500 3.000 3.000 1.500 s2/4g 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total width (in) 1.500 3.000 3.000 1.500 -0.875 -0.875 0.000 tpl (in) 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Area (in2) 0.750 1.500 1.500 0.750 -0.438 -0.438 0.000 3.625

width segment 1 width segment 2 width segment 3 width segment 4 hole 1 hole 2 hole 3 Net Area failure path #2

width segment 1 width segment 2 width segment 3 width segment 4 hole 1 hole 2 hole 3 Net Area 0.85Ag = Controlling An = U= Ae = Pn = Determine Capacity LRFD t= 0.75 3.825in2

s (in) 0.000 3.000 3.000 0.000

g (in) 1.500 3.000 3.000 1.500

s2/4g 0.000 0.750 0.750 0.000

Total width (in) 1.500 3.750 3.750 1.500 -0.875 -0.875 -0.875

tpl (in) 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500

Area (in2) 0.750 1.875 1.875 0.750 -0.438 -0.438 -0.438 3.938

3.625in2 1.000 3.625in2 210.3kips

ASD t = 2

 t Pn = CLF Ps,eq = Check Capacity LRFD t= t Pn = Pu Pu/ tPn =

158kips 1.40 112.6kips

Pn / t = CLF Ps,eq =

105kips 0.90 116.8kips

ASD 0.75 158kips 50.00kips 31.7%kips Okay t = Pn / t = Pa Pa / (Pn / t ) = 2 105kips 35.00kips 33.3%kips Okay

Tensile Yielding (Sections D2 & J4.1a) Ag Fy = Pn = 2in2 50ksi 100kips

Pn = AgFy

IF you need to determine capacity: LRFD t= t Pn = CLF Ps,eq = 0.9 90kips 1.40 64.3kips

ASD t = Pn / t = CLF Ps,eq = 1.67 60kips 0.90 66.5kips

IF you need to check capacity: LRFD t= t Pn = Pu Pu/ tPn = 0.9 90kips 50.00kips 55.6%kips Okay

ASD t = Pn / t = Pa Pa / (Pn / t ) = 1.67 60kips 35.00kips 58.5%kips Okay

Bolt Bearing (J3.10) deformation at bolt hole IS a design consideration: Rn = min[1.2LctFu, 2.4dtFu] deformation at bolt hole IS NOT a design consideration: Rn = min[1.5LctFu, 3.0dtFu] long slotted holes perpendicular to force: Rn = min[1.0LctFu, 2.0dtFu] Deformation at the bolt hole is not a design consideration Use Equation J3-6b tpl = db = 0.5in 0.75in End dist Lc = 1.5in 1.0625in

Fu =

65ksi

num bolts

12bolts/connection Use (k) 621.6

Tear Bearing Use Out Deformation (k/bolt) (k/bolt) (k/bolt) Fu factor Rn Controlling Rn = IF you need to determine capacity: LRFD t= t Pn = CLF Ps,eq = 0.75 466kips 1.40 333.0kips 1.5 51.8 621.6k 3.0 73.1 51.8

ASD t = Pn / t = CLF Ps,eq = 2 311kips 0.90 345.3kips

IF you need to check capacity: LRFD t= t Pn = Pu Pu/ tPn = 0.75 466kips 50.00kips 10.7%kips Okay

ASD t = Pn / t = Pa Pa / (Pn / t ) = 2 311kips 50.00kips 16.1%kips Okay

Block Shear (Section J4.3) Fy = Fu = tpl = db = 36ksi 58ksi 1in 0.75in

Rn = min[0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt, 0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt]

Failure Path #1

gross path length (in) Agv Anv1 10.500 10.500

number holes/path 0.000 3.500

net path length (in) 10.500 7.438

# paths 2.000 1.000

Area (in^2) 21.000 7.438

Anv2 Ant Ubs

10.500 6.000 1.0 Shear Fracture (k)

3.500 1.000

7.438 5.125

1.000 1.000

5.578 5.125

Shear Yield (k) 750.9 number holes/path 0.000 3.500 1.500

Use (k) 750.2 net path length (in) 10.500 7.438 6.188

Rn Failure Path #2

750.2 gross path length (in)

# paths 1.000 1.000 1.000

Area (in^2) 10.500 7.438 6.188

Agv Anv Ant Ubs

10.500 10.500 7.500 0.5 Shear Fracture (k)

Shear Yield (k) 406.2

Use (k) 406.2

Rn Controlling Rn = IF you need to determine capacity: LRFD t= t Pn = CLF Ps,eq = 0.75

438.3 406.2k

ASD t = Pn / t = CLF Ps,eq = 2 203kips 0.90 225.7kips

305kips 1.40 217.6kips

If you need to check capacity: LRFD t= t Pn = Pu Pu/ tPn = 0.75 305kips 50.00kips 16.4%kips Okay Pa / (Pn / t ) =

ASD t = Pn / t = Pa 2 203kips 50.00kips 24.6%kips Okay

Tension Limit State Summary

Serviceability Limit States: Limit State Slenderness Specification D1 Limit L/r < 300 or r > L/300

Strength Limit States: All strength limit states take the form: LRFD Pu < tPn Req'd Pn = Pu/ t < Pn Pu / ( tPn) < 1.00 ASD Pa < Pn/t Req'd Pn = Pa t < Pn Pa / (Pn/t) < 1.00

Rn (nominal resistance) is often used in place of Pn (nominal axial strength) in the equations above. Typical Design Variables Stl Type, Section

Limit State Specification Tensile Yielding

Nominal Capacity Member Capacity: FyAg Member Capacity: FuAe Capacity per connection:

D2(a)/J4.1(a)

0.90

1.67

Tensile Rupture

D2(b)/J4.1(b)

Stl Type, Section, Bolt size, Bolt 0.75 Layout, Section modifications

2.00

Block Shear

J4.3

Stl Type, 0.75 Section, Bolt min(0.6FuAnv + UbsFuAnt, Size, Bolt 0.6FyAgv + UbsFuAnt) Layout,

2.00

Section modifications Stl Type, Section, Bolt Std Holes, Defl an issue: Size, Bolt min(1.2 Lct Fu, 2.4 dt Fu) 0.75 Layout, Section Std Holes, Defl not issue: modifications min(1.5 Lct Fu, 3.0 dt Fu) Capacity per bolt hole:

Bolt Bearing

J3.10

2.00

Notes: 1. See SCM specification D3 for requirements for computing An, and Ae. 2. SCM specification J4.1(b) places an upper limit of 0.85Ag on An for connecting elements. 3. Multiple failure paths may need to be considered for Tensile Rupture and Block Shear. 4. The least bolt bearing value in a connection controls the bolt bearing strength of the member.

Bolt Summary
Last Revised:

Strength Limit States: All strength limit states take the form: LRFD Ru < tRn Req'd Rn = Ru/ t < Rn Ru / ( tRn) < 1.00 ASD Ra < Rn/t Req'd Rn = Ra t < Rn Ra / (Rn/t) < 1.00

Which is: FORCE on a bolt < STRENGTH of a bolt The STRENGTH of a bolt is computed by:

Simple Tension or Shear

Design Variables Tensile Rupture Shear Rupture Slip Capacity J3.6 Single Bolt Capacity: FntAb Single Shear Plane: FnvAb Single Shear Plane: DuhscTb Bolt Material, Bolt Size Bolt Material, Bolt Size Bolt Material, Bolt Size 0.75 2.00

J3.6

0.75

2.00

J3.8

0.75

2.00

Combined Shear and Tension: Bearing Type Fasteners (-X or -N bolts):

Modify the nominal tensile rupture capacity for the presence of shear (SCM J3.7) Apply the shear rupture limit state without modification Typical Design Variables Bolt Material, Bolt Size Bolt Material, Bolt Size

Limit State Specification Nominal Capacity, R n Tensile Rupture Shear Rupture Single Bolt Capacity: F'ntAb Single Shear Plane: FnvAb

J3.7

0.75

2.00

J3.6

0.75

2.00

Slip Critical Type Fasteners (-SC bolts):

Modify the nominal slip capacity for the presence of tension (SCM J3.9) Apply the tensile rupture limit state without modification Typical Design Variables Bolt Material, Bolt Size

Limit State Specification Nominal Capacity, R n Tensile Rupture Single Bolt Capacity: FntAb

J3.6

0.75

2.00

Slip Capacity

J3.9

Single Shear Plane: DuhscTbks

Bolt Material, Bolt Size

0.75

2.00

The FORCE on a bolt is computed by:

Forces Concentric with the Bolt Group at the Faying Surface:

All bolts are assumed to be equally stressed in tension. All shear planes are assumed to be equally stressed in shear.

Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface:

Elastic Vector Method: See SCM pg 7-8. Computes shear in the bolts. Direct method that is conservative and has an inconsistent factor of safety. Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method: See SCM pg 7-6. Computes the relationship between the applied load and the shear load in the worst case bolt. Iterative method that is more consistent with test results and not as conservative as the Elastic Method.

Eccentricity out of the Plane of the Faying Surface:

Case I Method: See SCM pg 7-10. Basic mechanics (Mc/I) using the compression contact area to find the tension in the worst case bolt. Finding Ix may be iterative. If the shear is concentric with the bolt group it is equally divided among the shear planes otherwise use either the elastic vector or IC method to find the bolt shear forces. Case II Method: See SCM pg 7-12. Uses basic statics (Applied Moment = Pe = rat n' dm= Internal Moment) without considering the contact area to find the tension in the worst case bolt. If the shear is concentric with the bolt group it is equally divided among the shear planes otherwise use either the elastic vector or IC method to find the bolt shear forces.