ANGER MANAGEMENT – a specialized group activity discussing issues to

control anger

ANNOUNCEMENT - information given to all residents.

ATTITUDES – the general condition of the TC family as a whole, including

incidences, positive and negative.

BANS - a behavior shaping tool to prohibit a resident to a specific area,

activity, verbal, another client.

BIG BROTHER - an older member of the community tasked to provide

guidance to the newly committed residents.

BOOKED – logged an incident to the Coordinator of the Day.

CARDINAL RULES - the principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a

TC Community with heavier corresponding consequences.

COERCION- the use of internal and external sources to heighten dissonance

on the client and magnify his choices and the specific consequences of his
choices.

COMMUNICATION – a department which oversees the daily census, entry,

news and other information to be disseminated.

COMMUNITY - the residents of the TC Family.

COORDINATOR - the highest position attained by a resident in a TC

Hierarchy, who works with the staff in running the house, implementing
rules. With corresponding status, a resident has an authority over the other
residents.

COORDINATOR OF THE DAY – assigned coordinator (resident) to oversee

and address the incidents, attitudes of the house through the use of behavior
shaping tools – talk to, dealt with, haircut.

COUNSELOR- staff member position who assists the residents’ needs

DAILY STRUCTURE- list of day to day activities

DEPARTMENT HEAD- a ranking resident next to the coordinator in the TC
Hierarchy assigned to oversee, monitor tasks to be done in a particular
department.

DISSONANCE - the time period of admitting, denying before coming up with

a decision.

DIRECTOR - the highest staff facility officer (Warden) who has direct
command to both residents and staff.

DORMITORY – a cell where the residents stays while on confinement.

ENCOUNTER- a group process utilized to vent out concerns, anger and hurt
feelings

ENCOUNTER BOX- box used to receive slips being dropped.

ENTERTAINMENT and RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY - an activity in the TC

community aimed to aid residents in treatment.

EVALUATION – an assessment done anytime during the treatment

EXPEDITING TEAM – a department that serves as police of the community

to ensure order among residents

EXPULSION - the ejection of one from the community because of his/her

serious offense.

FRIEND - a resident who has the closest regard to the other resident.

GENERAL MEETING - a behavior shaping tool addressing serious infraction

of a resident.

GENERAL WORKER – the lowest position in the TC hierarchy

GROUNDS- pertains to lawns, pathways and landscape

HAIRCUT - a behavior shaping tool consisting of a five-man panel that

addresses a resident’s infraction.

HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE – the chain of command of residents in TCMP.

HOUSE – pertains to the jail facility.

HOUSE RULES – are day to day standards that need to be followed inside
the jail facility to ensure the smooth and orderly flow of operation.

HOUSEKEEPING TEAM – a department that maintains cleanliness of the

facility.

INFRACTIONS - a violation to the House Rules of the TC Family.

LEARNING EXPERIENCE – a form of sanction that aid residents realize the

value of correcting infractions.

MORNING MEETING - a daily ritual addressing attitudes of previous days,

performed to start the day right.

PEERS – friends of the same entry period……..

PRE-MORNING MEETING- the activity preceding the Morning Meeting that

discusses attitudes of the house and eliciting theme of the week and word of
the day……..

PULL – UP – verbal reprimand done during the Morning Meeting.

RESIDENTS – terms used for inmates who are part of the TCMP community.

SENIOR RESIDENT – a member of the TC community having the position

such as Static Group leader and its Assistant and In Charge of various special
services groups.

STAFF – refer to jail personnel.

STATIC GROUP – a group composed of residents known as permanent

support group.

TALK TO – friendly reminder for resident violators.

TC FAMILY – refers to all residents of the TC community.

UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY – refers to a guiding value which residents

reflect and hold on.
VIOLATOR – a resident who commits an act in violation of the TC/Jail Rules.

TCMP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The Therapeutic Community Modality Program and the Four Interconnected
Development Aspects: Behavior Management; Emotional and Psychological;
Intellectual and Spiritual; and Vocational and Survival Skills.

The Therapeutic Community Modality Program is adopted by the bureau in

attaining one of its mandates, the “Development of Inmates”, however
there are issues and concerns attributed to the program implementation that
needs to be addressed to ensure its effectiveness. The TCMP believes that a
person needs to have a strong sense of personal and social responsibility in
order to live a fully functional healthy lifestyle.

The conceptual paradigm of the study elaborates the four development

aspects of TCMP, these are: behavior management, emotional and
psychological, intellectual and spiritual, and vocational and survival skills,
showing special areas of concern in the individual’s personality. Each
component has very discrete sets of activities, methodologies and
philosophies and underlying theories that help promote change in the
members of the community and the use of various behavior shaping tools
are interconnected/interrelated with one another.

NOTE: TCMP is the backbone program of BJMP

TC PHILOSOPHY

I am here because there is no refuge finally, from myself.

Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others,

I am running.

Until I suffer them to share my secrets,

I have no safety from them.

Afraid to be known,
 I can know neither myself nor any other,

I will be alone.

Where else but in our common ground can I see such a mirror?

Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to myself,

Not as the giant of my dreams nor the dwarf of my fears, but as a

person, part of the whole, with my share in its purpose.

In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore, as in
death but alive to myself and to others.

LAYUNIN

(TC Philosophy in Tagalog)

AKO’Y NARIRITO SAPAGKAT

HINDI KO NA MATATAKASAN

ANG AKING SARILI.

HANGGANG HINDI AKO NAGIGING MATAPAT

SA PAGPUNA SA AKING SARILI

SA MATA AT PUSO NG IBA, AKO’Y TUMATAKBO.

HANGGANG HINDI KO INILALAHAD

 ANG LABI NG AKING MGA LIHIM,

AKO’Y WALANG KAPAYAPAAN.

SA MALAKING TAKOT NA SARILI’Y MABUNYAG,

HINDI KO MAUUNAWAAN ANG AKING SARILI

AT PAGKATAO NG IBA.

SA DILIM MANANATILING NAG-IISA.

SAAN PA KUNDI SA PILING NG KATULAD KO

MAKIKITA ANG TUNAY NA SALAMIN.

SAMA-SAMA DITO SA WAKAS,

MATATANGGAP KO ANG TUNAY AT SARILING PAGKATAO.

DI ANG BALIW NG AKING PANGARAP

O ANG ALIPIN NG AKING TAKOT.

SA HALIP BILANG ISANG TAO SAKOP NG SANLIBUTAN

AT MAY BAHAGI SA LAYUNING ITO.

SA LUPANG ITO AKO AY MAKAPAG-UUGAT AT SUSUPLING.

DI NA AKO MULING MAG-IISA TULAD SA KAMATAYAN.

SA HALIP AY MAY ALAB ANG BUHAY

SA SARILI AT KAPWA.

CARDINAL RULES IN TC

*No Sex or sexual acting out

*No drugs/ Alcohol

 *No violence or threat of violence

*No stealing

HOUSE RULES: Examples

 No destruction of jail property

 Respect staff and status
 Follow directions without feedback
 No cigarette smoking
 No contraband
 No gambling
 Be on time in all activities
 Lights off at 10:00 PM
 No talking/laughing after lights off
 Maintain good grooming and hygiene
 No vandalism
 Be courteous to people
 Use the chain of command
 No talking/laughing during the Morning meeting and other
activities
 No lending or borrowing without permission
 Respect other people’s property

PHASES OF TREATMENT

TCMP in the BJMP set up is quite unique in the sense that inmates are in
custody while undergoing trial for their individual cases. Their length of stay
is determined by how fast the disposition of their cases is. The cases may be
decided upon after a short period of time or may last for years. Though the
different phases of treatment are observed, it cannot be fully implemented
or may not be followed as scheduled due to the uniqueness of the status of
the residents.

Phase I- Entry/Orientation Phase

Once an inmate is committed to jail, he undergoes a series of examination to

determine his physical, social and psychological status. Upon his
commitment, a resident is placed on orientation at the Reception and
Diagnostic room/ Orientation Room. In here, he is acquainted with the TC
program:
 - The rules and norms of the community
- TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy.
- The staff and the members of the community
- The tools of the house
- Job functions and TC hierarchy

He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him
with support and will walk him through the orientation phase. At this phase,
the resident is handled gently and is expected to commit mistakes in the
process of learning the program. Sanctions on negative behavior are usually
light with emphasis on teaching.

Phase II- Primary Treatment

After proper orientation on the different TC concepts and tools, the norms
and rules of the community and the staff members, the resident is now ready
to undergo the treatment proper. He becomes a part of the community
starting as a crew member of the Housekeeping department until he
gradually ascends in the hierarchy. He must be knowledgeable on the
following:

 Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and

concerns and shape behavior
 Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
 Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
 Maximize participation in activities that are appropriate to the
resident’s need for growth
 Learning how to trust the environment by disclosing self to the
community and develop insight in the process
 Developing positive coping skills to deal with difficult life situations
 Enhancing educational and vocational skills to make him productive
 Improve social skills and recognize the importance of other people’s
help in shaping behavior

NOTE: He must learn the culture and participate in every activities.

Phase III- Pre Re-entry

Under regular circumstances, the resident is expected at this stage to have
internalized the TC values and concept to start life afresh. However, in the
jail setting where entry and release are not within the jail control, residents
may not have reached this phase of treatment before they even leave the
jail facility. Regardless of the resident’s length of stay, he is expected to
undergo this phase prior to release into society. At this phase, the resident is
expected to have proven his ability to take on more responsibility hence
needs lesser supervision. He is considered a role model in the TC community.
He should focus on the following learning:

 Rebuilding of social and family ties

 Going up the ladder of hierarchy by showing leadership
 Realization of his full potential to be a productive member of society
 Mapping out of plans

NOTE: Displays leadership and act as role model. We expect that the
PDLs already learned and internalized the values of TCMP.

Phase IV- Re-entry

In the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now ready to be released back
to society as he has demonstrated adequate self-control and discipline. The
inmate is now preparing for his life outside of jail and is focused on making
himself a productive citizen. He may start planning for job hunting and
rebuilding family ties and relationships.

In the jail setting, the residents will stay inside the jail until their
cases are resolved or they have been convicted and need to be
remanded to the Bureau of Corrections.

The resident must focus on the following:

 Transition to life outside of jail

 Creating a new lifestyle applying the tools and concept of TC
 Learning positive coping skills to deal with day to day situations
 Re-establishing and strengthening family ties and support group
 Reintegration into the mainstream of society
 Developing realistic and attainable goals in life

NOTE: His release to society is imminent. In this stage they are

planning their life .
Phase IV- Aftercare

Aftercare is an outpatient program that requires clients to report twice a

week to an outreach center. They have required to attend group sessions to
ensure their adjustment to life outside jail to reduce recidivism. For clients
released from jail, they are referred to the Parole and Probation
Administration and Local Government Units for follow up and aftercare. The
clients are focused on the following:

 Maintaining positive behavior and prevent recidivism

 Strengthening coping mechanism
 Maintaining relationships and support mechanism
 Sustaining interest in job or vocation to maintain livelihood
 Integration into society

STANDARD PARAMETERS FOR JAIL TCMP

A. Physical Environment:
-The internal and external environment is comfortable, clean and
welcoming
-TC Philosophy and unwritten philosophies are visibly posted around
the facility
-Hierarchical structure and daily activities are displayed
-There is adequate space to hold activities and rooms for specific
meetings that require privacy
-A clean and well maintained kitchen that complies with the sanitary
standards of BJMP
-Provision of recreation areas both indoors and outdoors
-The dining area is equipped with enough tables and chairs to
accommodate the inmates
-Adequate sanitary toilets and bathrooms that provide privacy to users
-Adequate space for sleeping and habitation that respects the
individual’s personal space

B. TCMP Staff:

-The TCMP staff has undergone proper training on TCMP

-Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to supervise the program and
conduct the various activities
 -The TCMP staff will not be transferred to other jails until properly
covered by another TC trained staff
-There is proper shift turn-over of TC trained staff on a daily basis
-TCMP staff can be utilized to handle other tasks but puts priority to
TCMP
-Regular meetings are held by staff to discuss progress, issues, and
concerns about the program
-All the jail staff are involved in the TCMP and are contributing
members
-The staff works as a team in delivering services to inmates
-The staff serves as role models and treats inmates with respect and
dignity
-Incentives are given to TCMP staff in terms of awards and
commendations

C. The Therapeutic Environment -The Inmates/ Residents:

-The residents treat each other with respect at all times regardless of age,
religion, cultural diversity, etc.

-The residents practice a culture of honesty and openness in

discussing thoughts and feelings, providing and receiving feedback

-Confidentiality is respected and practiced

-The residents are involved in decision making and planning in TCMP

activities

-The participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about

transformation among peers

-The residents comply with the cardinal and house rules and serve as
“watchdogs” for their peers with the aim of correcting erring members

-Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance

-The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command

 BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

The Behavior Management is a component of Therapeutic Community

Modality Program (TCMP) that introduces the concept and mechanics of the
various shaping tools to include Morning Meeting in order to facilitate the
management of and shape the behavior of the residents. This shows the
essential elements and significance of the tools which would provide the
community common language, increase cohesiveness and adapt to the
moral and behavioral code of the tools application. The behavior shaping
tools are ordered in hierarchy to provide enough room for personal growth
and learning. The community serves as a dynamic force that motivates the
individual to achieve positive behavior change.

Objectives:

1.) To introduce the concept of behavior management through the use of

various behavior shaping tools to residents.
2.) To institutionalize the practice of behavior shaping tools to foster
behavior change among residents.
3.) To highlight the importance of behavior management in relation to
the other TCMP components towards attitudinal change among
residents.

Indicators:

1.) Residents will understand the different Behavior Shaping Tools and
practice them as part of their daily living.
 2.) Residents will utilize the different behavior shaping tools in promoting
change within themselves and others.
3.) Residents will display improvement in demeanor, communication and
social skills.
4.) Residents will understand the relevance of the different tools in the
attainment of behavioral change.

TOOLS

*Pre Morning Meeting

*Morning Meeting

*Talk To

*Pull Up

*Dealt With

*Haircut

*Learning Experience/ Bans

*General Meeting

*Expulsion

Figure 1. Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tools

PRE MORNING MEETING

Duration/ Frequency: Fifteen minutes daily

Participants: Senior residents, Counselor

Pre-Morning Meeting is done early in the morning prior to the Morning

Meeting. Senior members of the community will meet for about fifteen (15)
minutes to discuss the attitude of the house the previous day. It is also
where the senior members formulate solutions to the concerns discussed
and to be executed during the day. The attendees will also discuss the
activities to be engaged in the Morning Meeting and make sure that all
participants are ready with their corresponding parts and determine the
amount of time to be allotted for each part. The group will agree on the
theme or concept of the day. This is to make sure that everything is ironed
out prior to the conduct of the Morning Meeting such as the validation of pull-
ups and other concerns.

MORNING MEETING

Duration/ frequency: One hour daily

Participants: All residents, Counselor

Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC Community.

It is attended by the whole community and lasts for an hour. It commences
with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the Philippine National Anthem and the
recitation of the TC Philosophy. It is usually facilitated by any member of the
community. It is divided into two (2) parts namely: (1) public
announcements and community concerns and (2) community-spirit
building or up rituals.

The first part of the meeting consists of public announcements

regarding important activities or businesses and other information that the
community needs to know. It is a review of how the community performed in
the previous day and check on the behavior of erring members through the
conduct of “pull-ups”. A pull up is done as an expression of concern over the
lapses of some members and encourage ownership of mistakes on the
violators. The pull-up is followed by affirmations of good deeds, display of
responsible concern towards peers or unselfish acts of some residents. This
is to show that good deeds are not left unnoticed and leave a feeling of self-
worth to those concerned. The first part of the Morning Meeting is a serious
business where the members are expected to be formal in their demeanors.
Rules are set such as: no side talking, no cross legging, no laughing, hands
on the laps and sit erect.

The Concept of the Day serves as a guide as to what direction the

community is headed for the day. It is elaborated by residents of the
community to have a better understanding of the whole concept. The
concept of the day is preferably taken from the Unwritten Philosophies of
TCMP.

The second part of the meeting consists of entertaining presentations

to lighten up the mood and start the day on a positive note. It somehow
develops some talents and shed off inhibitions of participants.

PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING

I. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/CONCERNS

a. Opening Prayer (Ecumenical)

b. Singing of the Philippine National Anthem (Flag must be
displayed)
c. TC Philosophy (Adopted translation)
d. Announcements
 Staff (Director, Asst. Director, Counselor & other personnel)
 Residents (Coordinators, Dep’t Heads, Expediters)
 Report on Dorm Inspection by Chief Expediter
e. Community Concerns
 Pull-ups/ elaboration
 Affirmations
f. Concept of the Day
g. Verse of the Day

II. UP – RITUALS

h. News casting (Local, Nat’l, International, Sports and Weather

News)
i. Entertainment (Choose either Song, Dance, Skit, Humorous
Story)
 j. Community Singing (Any song that has relation to the Concept of
the Day) ex. Hawak kamay

k. Greetings

HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) are employed to strengthen the learning

process and the practice of more adaptive behaviors within the social
learning environment. The major tools of the BST, such as the Talk To, Pull–
up, Dealt With, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting and Expulsion
were developed as a means to correct behaviors of the residents that
violated the TC norms. The Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tools will serve as
a guide to determine which of the tools are appropriate to be used based on
the severity of the infraction or violations committed by the residents against
the TC Rules as shown in Figure 1.

TALK TO

A “Talk To” is an outright correction done by any member of the TC

community to another member who has done a minor infraction but is not
aware of it. It is a friendly reminder/advice about an unacceptable behavior
and must be done privately. During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware
of his/her negative behavior and the results it may have on others and the
environment. The feedback given to the resident who committed mistake is
done in a positive way. This is to evoke awareness on the part of the
violators to avoid committing the same mistake and be given heavier
sanctions if done in the future.
PULL-UP

A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in

awareness in a resident. All the members of the community are
responsible to pull-up minor infractions done by peers. It encourages
honesty, demeanor awareness and owning up to one’s mistakes. This is
done when the violator is unknown and must be validated first prior to
bringing up in the Morning Meeting.

Pull-ups create a certain degree of dissonance on the guilty party

whereby there is a strong internal conflict whether to practice honesty or
continue to live in a lie. When the resident is able to overcome the impulse
to lie and start practicing honesty, his commitment to live by the TC
standards increases.
Figure 1. Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tools
 The resident receiving the pull-up is expected to listen without saying a
word, assume that it is valid, quickly display the corrected behavior and
express gratitude in receiving it. After one member did the pull-up, other
residents who want to show concern can make elaborations to give emphasis
to the infractions and concretize the admonitions that need to be relayed to
the violator. Two to three elaborations are ideal.

Too many elaborations are discouraged as they may take so much

time. Focus should be given to the behavior and not the person. It is meant
to raise awareness and not to punish or embarrass the violator. Personal
attacks, shaming or the use of racist language are strictly forbidden during
pull-ups. It should be emphasized that pull-ups are done out of responsible
love and concern to avoid creating negative feelings during the process.

In a situation wherein no one stood and owned up a negative behavior

raised in the pull-up, the resident doing the Pull-Up will narrow down the Pull-
Up to make it clear and specific, stating the place and time of the
occurrence. In the event that nobody stood to own it up, the resident doing
the Pull-Up will instead ask the community to stand and there, he/she will
deliver his pull-up addressing the entire family believing that the violator is a
responsibility of the whole community.

Example of a Pull-up:

The moderator asks for someone who has a Pull-up. A member raises
his hand and declared: “Who among my brothers/ sisters did not flush the
toilet after using it early in the morning?”(Sinu-sino sa ating mga kapatid na
naririto ang hindi nagbuhos ng tubig sa palikuran (kubeta) pagkatapos
gumamit kaninang umaga?) A few people stood up to admit the pull up. The
resident doing the Pull-Up then gives his/her admonition/advice to the
violators. The moderator asks for elaborations. All members attending the
Morning Meeting must raise their hands to show their concerns. It is noted
that a question must be asked mentioning the circumstances using the 3Ws
(What, Where, and When). The violators are not allowed to talk or respond
but just stand, face the community and accept the admonitions. The number
of elaborations depends upon the number of Pull-Ups. The more Pull-Ups
brought in, the less elaborations.

1st elaboration: “Brothers/sisters, we should always be aware of our

actions. Going to the toilet is a routine activity. It is a must that we should
flush it after using to keep it clean. We should always think of other people
who might use it after us”.

2nd elaboration: “Brothers/ sisters, whatever our wrong practices in the

past are should be corrected here. We need to put our lives in order.
Flushing the toilet is a basic action that needs no reminders. We should
always practice cleanliness and good hygiene”.

3rd elaboration: “Brothers/ sisters the reason we are here is because of

some wrongdoings. Let us leave all of those behind us. Let us be aware of
our actions and give consideration to other people. We should not impose on
others what we don’t want to experience ourselves. Before leaving the toilet,
make sure that you have done what you are expected to do. Please be
responsible.”

DEALT WITH

Dealt With is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House

Rules/Norms are done for the second time of same offense by a resident. A
panel of three (3) composed of a senior resident, peer and a friend are
tasked to deliver a serious and stern reprimand to the subjected resident.

Although the tool does not strictly require the presence of a staff, to
attain its purpose, the staff should monitor its conduct to ensure that the
panel assigned to the task really acted appropriately. It is done privately in a
room or an area with no other else hearing the conversation. Figure 2 shows
the Dealt With Formation.
 Figure 2. Dealt With Formation

HAIRCUT

Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House

Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the third time or more or for
first time grave offenses. It is a carefully planned and structured verbal
reprimand given by a Staff with four other residents - Senior Resident, Peer,
Big Brother, and Department Head (Figure 3). The tone is more serious and
can be loud, more harsh and exaggerated. This is done to induce anxiety and
eventually change the person’s behavior. Before the group calls in the
person, they will discuss among themselves the order of speakers, how
intense the haircut will be and what sanctions will be given if any. The
resident is then called inside and waits until he is asked to sit. He will be
asked if he knows the reason for his appearance. After the person’s
response, he will be asked to sit and remain silent to enable him/her absorb
all the advices.

The haircut gives emphasis on the behavior of the resident and the
severity of the haircut should be appropriate to the gravity of the offense.
Each member of panel is given ample time to express himself without
interruption from the other members. The staff or peer who booked the
haircut should not be part of the team so as to avoid bias or subjectivity.
Before a resident be subjected to Haircut, his/her infraction must be first
investigated, discussed and decided by the Disciplinary Board (Book II, Rule
2,Section 4 of the BJMP Manual). Sanction/Learning Experience that has
been decided upon by the jail Disciplinary Board and the TCMP staff will be
imposed after the Haircut.

Figure 3. Haircut Formation

LEARNING EXPERIENCE

A Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a resident

who was subjected to Haircut or General Meeting who did an infraction to
correct or modify a behavior. LE may be task –oriented, written task or peer
interactions. Since TCMP is educational rather than punitive in its approach
to behavioral change, the LE should be done in a way that would remind the
person of the negative attitude he has done without compromising his
human dignity. The intent of the LE is not to stigmatize the person but to
motivate him to make restitution for the wrong doings he committed and
redeem himself in the community.

The LE should be related to the infraction committed for him to focus

on the behavior expected of him in the community. It should not be given as
a punishment but rather a motivation to develop more positive attitude. This
will develop a sense of responsibility on him while stressing his inadequacies.
LE should be realistic and humane. Putting a person on LE for more than one
(1) week may lessen the learning objective. Putting the person on LE for an
extended period of time or sanctions that are far harsher than the offense or
may deny him of the basic necessities may border on abuse and violation of
human rights.

Close supervision with clear goals increases the effectiveness of the

sanction. Upon lifting the LE after seven (7) days, the resident subjected to
the tool will be accorded with a Senior Resident coming from his/her Static
Group who will provide guidance and continually monitors the performance
in the house of the former. The senior resident assigned will give a self-
report after fifteen (15) days on how the resident (who undergone LE) carried
out his responsibilities after the LE and state therein the resident’s condition
whether he/she needs further supervision. The authority in giving LE lies in
the Disciplinary Board and TCMP staff.

Examples of LE:

*If a resident has been missing out in his responsibilities in the kitchen, he
can be assigned as in charge of cleaning the kitchen for a specific period of
time.

*If a resident repeatedly leaves his bed in disarray, he can be asked to

provide orientation and supervision to new residents on how to keep their
beds neat at all times.

Categories of Learning Experiences:

 a. Task-Oriented LE
-Pots and Pans
-Grounds and Landscaping
-Cleaning and Maintenance
-Time keeping (wake up calls, lights out calls)

b. Written tasks
-Composition or Essay
-Reproduction of TCMP Materials

c. Peer Interaction
- Reading and reporting of topic
-Announcements (Morning Meeting or House Meeting)
- Bans

BANS

Bans are sanctions to members who commit repeatedly infractions or

violation to the Cardinal Rules by prohibiting, disallowing or limiting an
activity or affiliation to a group. It somehow curtails some freedom of
movement and association. This sanction causes unpleasant feelings
which people try to avoid hence may evoke behavioral changes in the future.
It must be applied consistently after the adverse behavior to emphasize the
negative consequences. Privileges limited should have impact but must not
limit individual ability to meet personal hygiene, nutritional and emotional
needs. A resident subjected to Bans must be first processed in a General
Meeting called for the purpose.

Examples of Bans:

*Regulation of visiting privilege

*Banned from attending Entertainment and Recreational activities

GENERAL MEETING
A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules necessitates a General Meeting.
Such issue should be discussed with the community to point out to the
violator the negative effect the behavior had on the community. Such
offense includes sexual acting-out with a fellow resident, taking drugs
and engaging in physical fight with another resident. Other facilities
include stealing or even smoking as part of the Cardinal Rules. These
behaviors pose a threat to the community because they violate the
established order and safety of the facility.

Procedure in a General Meeting:

1. A General Meeting is called and led by a senior member of the staff,

usually the Director of the facility. The extent of the problem is
assessed to determine who among the community members are
involved in the incident. Those guilty of the offense are asked to sit in a
prospect chair. This is to arouse anxiety and dissonance.
2. The Director sets the tone of the meeting and leads the community in
an open expression of opinions and feelings regarding the offense
brought out into the community. He holds the community accountable
for the slip of its members as each is considered his “brother’s keeper”
.The Director opens the floor for feedbacks, inviting the community for
self-reflection and accountability. The formation of the General Meeting
is shown in Figure 4.

Example:

Director: “Good afternoon family! We are gathered here this afternoon

because two members of our community badly need our help. They engaged
in a physical fight which caused some injuries in both of them. We have to
ask ourselves how we failed them. Why did we miss this brewing hostility
between the 2 of them? Remember, we are their keepers but we let them
down by allowing them to harbor the hatred towards each other without us
noticing it or doing something about it. We lack awareness to detect the
subtle signs that this incident is coming. Now, our brothers are in this
predicament because we were remiss in our duties to care for them. I want
you to account to me what led to this.

John: “Good afternoon family. I’m Mario and Greg’s big brother but I failed to
notice that something negative is going on between them. I was preoccupied
with my own business that I failed to talk to any of them these past few days.
Had I tried to reach out, I might have learned something and could have
prevented this thing from happening. I feel guilty about it.

These revelations are open to other members of the community.

3. As soon as the mood is set and the level of awareness of the

community is raised, the leader calls for the violators to face the entire
community. The leader encourages the community to express their
feelings about the offense committed by the violators.

Example:

Peter: “Mario and Greg, I am very disappointed with what you did. You were
supposed to be our role models but what you did just showed us how
immature the both of you in resorting to violence as a way of resolving your
conflict. You had been in the community for quite some time and we expect
you to know how to control your anger and use the tools of the house to
express them. I hope you can be more patient and tolerant of each other. I
really feel bad about what happened.

4. After some members of the community have expressed their feelings,

it is time for the violators to account for what they did, share their
deepest feelings and verbalize what they learned from the mistake.

Example:

Mario: “Good afternoon family! I would like to apologize for my behavior. I

had been harboring this dislike towards Greg for quite some time and I just
kept it to myself for fear that other people might judge me. It just started as
a petty disagreement. I didn’t think that it will develop and pile up until it
came to a boiling point. I should have shared my feelings in the proper forum
so we could have resolved it without resorting to violence. I’ve learned my
lesson and I want to apologize to Greg for my behavior. I hope we can start
all over again as friends.”

Greg will be given the chance to make a statement as well.

5. After the violators made their statements and offer commitments, the
Director will mark the closure of the issue and allow for processing of
 the events that transpired and provide appropriate emotional support
to the violators who have just been subjected to intense emotional
experience.
Sanction will then be given to the violators.

Legend:

- Director/Staff

- Subjected Residents

- Residents

Figure 4. General Meeting Formations

EXPULSION
 In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat
to the community (Instigator, initiator of jail disturbances), the Director with
the recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the
nearest jail facilities with an appropriate Court Order.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER III

PSYCHOLOGICAL and EMOTIONAL ASPECT

INTRODUCTION

BJMP residents who are detained are basically psychologically and

emotionally challenged. They share one thing in common, that is being
incarcerated with uncertainties as to the outcome of their individual cases.
They feel isolated, helpless and at times hopeless brought about by
separation from their loved ones and society in general and all other issues
that confront them while incarcerated. Such emotional turmoil needs to be
addressed to help them bounce back and experience a life of normalcy
despite their unique situation. The TCMP provides activities and services that
cater to this particular need. This topic tackles the discussion on the
therapeutic value of processing of feelings which does not only lie on how
freely one expresses them but more so on the person’s ability to identify,
acknowledge, and express them appropriately.

 INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW

 INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING/ ONE TO ONE COUNSELING

 GROUPS

*Static Group

*Peer Confrontation Group

*Secrets

*Encounter Group

*Extended Group
  SPECIALIZED GROUPS

*Women’s Group

*Men’s Group

*Anger Management

*Loss and Bereavement

*Medication Support Group

COUNSELING

Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals,

groups or communities enhance or restore their capacity for psychological,
emotional and social functioning and creating an environment favorable for
the attainment of these goals.

Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling:

*Empathy is the ability to perceive the client’s feelings and to demonstrate

accurate perception of the client. It is merely “putting oneself in the client’s
shoes”. When the client feels understood, a sense of trust or “rapport” is
developed. Rapport paves the way to a more meaningful communication and
may enable the client to understand and accept more of his or her
complexity of feelings.

*Warmth is also called “unconditional positive regard”. It involves accepting

and caring about the client as a person, regardless of any evaluation or
prejudices on the client’s behavior or thoughts. It is most often conveyed
through our non-verbal behavior or bodily gestures.

*Respect is our belief in the client’s ability to make appropriate decisions

and deal appropriately with his or her life situation, when given a safe and
supportive environment in which to do so. It is often showed best by not
offering advice or cheap comfort. The counselor shows his utmost respect to
the client by listening in silence and giving him the opportunity to design his
own solutions to the problem. A similar term for this is “empowerment” as
the counselor likewise demonstrates that he values the integrity of the client.

*Congruence or genuineness is being honest and authentic in dealing with

the client. It is showing real concern rather than focusing on techniques
during sessions. It is also being aware of the counselor’s own unmet needs
and how it may affect his relationship with the client.

*Confidentiality means that anything discussed during counseling sessions

is held absolutely private and not to be discussed anywhere. This contract
should be held sacred so as to maintain the client’s trust and enable him to
disclose sensitive matters to the counselor without fear of any breach of
confidentiality.

Pattern of Counseling Session:

1. Introduction: First 10 minutes

-Greet the client warmly.
-Smile and shake hands.
-Escort to the counseling room.
-Explain how the session is going to be to alleviate fears.
-This is the time to develop rapport.
-Assure client on confidentiality.

2. Information gathering: About 20 minutes

-Know the reason for consultation.

-Client can start anywhere.

-Counselor may take notes.

-Client needs to do almost all of the talking.

-Counselor may ask open questions or use techniques like clarifying,

rephrasing, focusing, reflecting, reality testing, etc.

3. Discussion/ Counselor Input:

-Counselor tells the client what he thinks the client is saying.

-Counselor develops a list of concerns.

-Client would concur or not to the counselor’s understanding.

-Prioritize problems and which one to work on first.

-Client will provide plans of action to work on specific problem.

-Counselor will assist in mapping out plans.

4. Conclusion:

-Motivate the client that “he can do it”. If not, he may need to be
referred to a Professional.

-Brief client on what to expect the next session (progress based on plan
of action).

-End session on a positive note.

-Client should be able to list down things that he has to look forward to
over the next few days. If not, this is a red flag for suicide.

When to break Confidentiality?

1. Children are being neglected or abused

2. Appearance in court as a witness
3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide
4. Client expressed plan to harm others

INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW

TCMP participants in jail are unique as they are not necessarily drug users.
TCMP is introduced as a program for the development of inmates while they
are awaiting trial. The intake interview in the jail setting is done by a
Counselor to newly admitted residents. The main purpose is to elicit
information about the resident and provide information about the program
and what the expectations are on both parties. Full and honest disclosure is
expected on the resident to elicit adequate and elaborate information and
come up with the proper treatment plan.

Objectives:

1. To elicit information and foster trust and confidence between the

resident and the personnel in-charge by using the intake interview
form.
2. To provide the residents with the necessary information about the
program.

Indicators:

1. Established rapport
2. Established openness and cooperation
3. Developed insight
4. Expectations expressed and information provided

Participants: Newly committed residents, Counselor

Duration: 1 hour

Procedure:

1. After the booking procedure, the Counselor/IWDO will conduct the

initial intake interview to the newly committed residents using the
intake interview form.

2. This is done only in a designated area and one resident at a time.

ONE TO ONE COUNSELING/INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING

Objectives:
 1. To promote individual explorations and help surface complicated
and troubled feelings among the residents.
2. To provide a regular source of counseled guidance to residents.
3. To assist the residents to develop better coping skills and improve
self-esteem.
4. To explore the different psychological tools which promote the
development of insight and increase self-efficacy among the
residents.

Indicators:

1. Self-understanding
2. Established rapport
3. Achieved a bigger, wider level of self-awareness.
4. Experienced relief from emotional distress.

Duration and Frequency: One to two hours per session/depending upon

the needs as designed by the counselor.

Participants: Counselor and resident

Procedure:

1. Individual counseling is a helping tool between the residents and

counselor. Residents are usually referred to the counselor as
needed by peers or staff based on the residents’ behavior.

2. The counselor uses different techniques and methods in counseling.

3. The resident discusses different issues which causes his/her

difficulties.

4. Follow-up sessions will be done depending upon the needs of the

resident.

5. The length of the sessions will be determined by the progress of the

resident.

GROUP COUNSELING

Objectives:
 1. To provide support to residents who fall behind and raise awareness
about problematic behaviors.
2. To help solve and overcome the problem.
3. To impart to residents the practice of TC norms and values.
4. To develop awareness and insight into one’s motives, feelings, and
behavior.

Indicators:

1. Encouraged commitments
2. Problems addressed
3. Developed sense of belongingness

STATIC GROUPS

The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet
regularly while the residents are in treatment. It is a sort of “home” group
who provides support for one another and to the new members of the
community. This is designed to provide a forum for self-expression and
disclosure. It is usually facilitated by senior members of the group. It focuses
on group relationship and patterns of behavior.

Duration/ Frequency: one hour/once a week

Participants: 10-15 residents, Counselor

Procedure:

1. Once a resident enters the jail, he/she is assigned to a particular

Static group. It serves as a permanent group that addresses the
general issues in treatment.
2. It utilizes confrontation from peers to evoke changes in behavior
though the group is primarily supportive. The group provides
immediate support to new members of the community
3. Each resident member is encouraged in expressing and
disclosing personal issues and concerns and receives feedbacks
from the other members. Violence and threat of violence are
prohibited.
 4. For each session the group may discuss any topic of desire or
may follow certain themes for a more systematic flow of
discussion.
5. By using confrontation, identification, support, affirmation and
giving feedback, residents learn and practice the TC norms and
values.
6. The residents are oriented to new and positive coping styles
which they can utilize to live a new lifestyle and attain personal
growth and better relationships.
7. When their emotional needs and problems are properly
addressed, their positive behaviors and attitudes emerge and
they will eventually feel better about themselves.
8. Focuses on the issues of the “here and now”. Personal disclosure
of the past is allowed if it affects the present. Confidentiality is
strictly observed.
9. The static group does away with negative socialization and
employs positive re-socialization through a caring relationship
with peers.

PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP

The group participants in Peer Confrontation group are selected by the staff
and group according to peers like adult members will go with the same date
of entry in the facility and same goes with the middle and young members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident try to help one
another. Participants confront each other on what they do for themselves
while in the facility and ask how they are coping with it.

Duration/ frequency: one hour/ twice a month

Participants: 10-15 residents, Coordinator

Procedure:

1. Participants will sit in a circle position.

2. Staff may sit just outside the circle or there may be no staff.
3. There is no particular order of speaking. It is conventional and free
– wheeling.
4. Participants may start with a prayer.
 5. Participants may then say “What do you say about me? Or Please
give me a feedback on my progress here “or how do you see me?
6. Any of the other participants may give an honest, straight-forward
feedback. Tone and feeling should be proportionate to the issue.
7. Peer confrontation is done in a compassionate way where each
resident try to help one another and identify certain issues which
could be a hindrance to his recovery.
8. At the end of the sharing, the resident is asked a commitment
about issue that he feels uncomfortable dealing with.

SECRETS

Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to
unload emotional baggage and thus experience freedom from internal
psychological conflicts. It promotes trust among the participants knowing
that each will reveal his utmost secrets to the group. It also aims to deepen
mutual respect among the participants.

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants: Staff, 10-12 residents

Procedure:

1. Form a group of 10-12 residents, preferably of variedly different

persons.
2. Each one is instructed to go to a place where they can be alone and
free from distractions.
3. In a piece of paper, the resident will write a letter to himself about an
event in his life which he has been keeping as a deep secret because it
has caused a lot of pain, guilt, shame or anxiety.
4. The letter is written as if he is addressing it to somebody and could
start as “Dear friend”. He should not state his name or any name and
place which could lead the group as to the writer. He may write it in a
way that would not give away any hint. This is done for 30 minute.
5. The group then converges and all the rolled letters will be placed in a
bag. The residents will be seated in a circle. The first one will be asked
to pick up a letter and read it aloud to everyone as if he is reading his
 own letter. The rest will provide advice, moral support, motivation or
encouragement to the reader. No criticisms or negative comments are
encouraged.
6. The facilitator admonishes the participants to refrain from curiously
trying to find out the owner of the letters. Everyone is likewise
admonished to keep the discussions strictly confidential.
7. After all the letters were read, the facilitator will do a brief processing
focusing on the feelings of the participants and how it affected each
one of them. The group may choose to pray as a closing ritual.
8. Before the group adjourns, the facilitators collects the letters and burn
them in a clay bag or garbage bin as a symbolic ritual of letting go of
all the hurts and pains and not allowing them to hinder their future
growth.

ENCOUNTER GROUPS

The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the community

which is usually high pressured and structured. It is a forum for members of
the community to verbally express pent-up or negative emotions within a
structured and safe environment without resorting to violence or aggression
and without fear of reprisal. There are strict behavioral norms and rules
observed during an encounter group such as no violence or threat of
violence, no attack on personal dignity, speak only for oneself and remain
seated at all times. The language used in expressing their feelings is seldom
restricted though in the Filipino culture, use of foul language is avoided to
prevent harboring of negative feelings from the receiver. The primary goal of
an encounter group is to raise awareness of behaviors and explore the
underlying feelings that led to such negative emotions.

Duration/ frequency: 1- 1 1/2 hours/ once or twice a week

Participants: Counselor, 2 co-facilitators, 8-10 residents

Procedure:

1. A resident may drop a slip on another resident stating his name, the
name of the person he is dropping a slip and the reason for dropping
 the slip. Only feelings of hurt, anger and concern can be reasons for
encounter.
2. The staff will choose his co-facilitators who are also staff members.
Once he has gathered 2 or 3 slips, he may schedule an encounter
group.
3. The facilitator will arrange the group in a circle in such a way that the
two parties involved are seated opposite each other. The facilitator
should be able to guide the flow of conversation and should be skilled
enough to interrupt anytime he feels that the safety of the group is
being compromised.
4. The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4) phases:
a.) Confrontation: This phase involves verbalization of
concerns or honest disclosure of emotions that has been
provoked during interpersonal interactions with another
resident. Regardless of the cathartic nature of expression, the
rules of the encounter group should always be respected. The
focus should always be about how one feels because of the
behavior of the other. There should never be any attack on
one’s persona but rather on his/her behavior. Each should be
allowed to express himself before a rebuttal is allowed. Name-
calling and other hostile languages may not resolve the problem
and may even heighten the animosity between both parties.
This phase consist mainly of exchange of verbal expressions of
emotions as a way of release.

b.) Exploration: In this phase, all the feelings that were expressed
are further examined and explored and find out how it could
have resulted in such way in order to evoke awareness on the
connection of behavior, feelings and attitude. In this phase,
blaming or finger pointing at one party is avoided. It will only
cause resentment form one party. This phase hopes to enhance
the insight of both parties and encourage ownership of one’s
mistake and take accountability for his/her actions. It gives both
parties the opportunity to examine themselves in relation to
their conflict with the other party.

c.) Resolution and Commitment: After some realizations and

attaining some insights into their behaviors, the residents are
now ready to move to the last phase to practice new behaviors.
From the feedbacks received, the resident involved will now
express how he feels about the whole thing and may own up his
 behavior which have caused the conflict. He then goes on to
make commitments to avoid such occurrence in the future. Such
commitment made by the residents will be monitored to make
sure that they are being put to practice to avoid lapses.

d.) Socialization: This is a structured social event where all those

involved in an encounter will have ample time to mend fences
with those they have offended or hurt in the past. The purpose
is to achieve closure, reaffirm relationship and maintain the
unity of the community so that all those involved can move on
and leave the past behind.

EXTENDED GROUP

The Extended Groups (Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of 5-12

residents and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff members. It may
last for 8-72 hours. The participants must have at least 4 months in the
program and have shown adequate stability before he can be included in the
activity. It is a potentially intimate and intense session which needs a
significant amount of preparation. It focuses on the “here and now” but
allows a deeper exploration of issues that affects new behavior. Special
subjects may be the focus such as sexuality, trauma, etc.

SPECIALIZED GROUPS

Objectives:

1. To provide group support with the aim of resolving problems and

restoring healthy functioning of the residents who has particular
concerns/issues.
 2. To create a feeling of universality among residents who have similar
issues or life experiences.
3. To explore issues based on certain themes as a guide.
4. To provide a safe environment where residents can freely express
their feelings and concerns.

Indicators:

1. Enhanced coping skills

LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT- Pangungulila

Duration/frequency: one hour once a week

Participants: 10 – 15 residents

Procedure:

1. Facilitator is knowledgeable in conducting the sessions and

managing the time.
2. The group is very supportive and compassionate.
3. Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of
losses, mad feeling, attitudes and behavior derived from the loss of
a loved one.
4. Counselor gives some suggestions on how they would handle the
situation appropriately when there was another similar situation.
5. At the last sessions, each participant was required to write
a letter to someone or a buddy to tell about the past and
what they will do in the future regarding losses.

WOMEN’S GROUP

Duration/ frequency: one hour once a week/ may last for six sessions

Participants: 8-15 residents, Counselor

Procedure:
 1. Held once a week and run by TC personnel. It provides an opportunity
for all female residents to share and discuss their feelings on women’s
issues: family, relationship, self-identity, self-image and societal role.
2. Issues to be tackled are gender specific problems and aims to help
female residents identify their challenges and needs.
3. Residents are helped to explore and understand the relationship
between women’s issues and their influences on them. It enhances
self-understanding among women.
4. They can also help each other through mutual support and concern.

MEN’S GROUP

Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week

Participants: 8-15 residents, counselor

Procedure:

1. Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing with

feeling and how to avoid abusive relationship, family conflicts,
sexuality and sexual relationships.
2. Group sessions enabled each of them to identify, express the feeling
related to the trauma and lessons learned from those experiences.
3. The counselor who raised the issue will be the one to conduct it.

MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP

Duration/ frequency: as long as the residents are on medication

Participants: Residents on medications and Jail health personnel

Procedure:

1. Counselor holds the group once a week who are on medical and
psychiatric medication.
2. Group members are educated on different kinds of medical and
psychiatric problems and its effects.
3. Sharing on the intake of medicines and its side effects of taking it.
4. Cohesiveness is enhanced.
 5. Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the
disease and problems encountered while they are on
medications.

ANGER MANAGEMENT

Duration/ frequency: 1 ½ hour for 6 weeks/as needed/curriculum-based

Participants: 10-15 residents

Procedure:

1. Facilitated by a counselor.
2. Questionnaires are provided to the residents to answer how they
demonstrated their anger before they came for treatment and while
in the facility and how they go through it.
3. Participants are selected based on interview and attitude showed
while in treatment.
4. The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger
feelings and acquire new knowledge and information on how
to deal with their feelings on different situation and
personalities.

PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW

Objectives:

1. To ensure that the resident to be released is/are well-prepared to

face new challenges in the community upon their reintegration into
the mainstream of society.
2. To assess the various potentials of the resident which he can utilize
to be a productive citizen upon his release from jail.
3. To assess the effectiveness of the interventions provided and
determine what improvements or changes that need to be done.

Indicators:
 1. Residents prepared for their reintegration into the
mainstream of society.
2. Changes in behavior noted
3. Recommendations provided
4. Concrete goals established

Participants: Resident/s to be released from jail, IWDO, Admin and OD

Duration: 1 hour

Procedure:

1. IWDO should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to monitor the

status of the case of the residents.
2. If possible, immediate member of the family is/are present before
the residents will be released from jail.
3. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an assessment of the
resident’s potentials and map out plans after his release from jail.
4. IWD should coordinate with service providers for his/her referral for
aftercare.
 INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION

Can spirituality and intellect go together? Is spirituality and intelligence at

odds with each other?

Intelligence and spirituality ultimately follow the same path. By embracing

intellect to its fullest extent, one will eventually arrive at a sense of
spirituality. Our actions are governed by intelligence; we achieve the best
results when we make the most intelligent decisions. But if we go home,
meditate, and begin asking questions like, "What is the purpose of my life?"
we have to load up a different set of rules. Now we've supposedly left the
territory of the intellect and entered the spiritual realm. We try to interact
intelligently with our outer world and spiritually with our inner world.

Hence, as the BJMP aims to institutionalize Therapeutic Community Modality

program in all jails nationwide, the Intellectual and Spiritual Component
hopes to enhance the spiritual and intellectual dimensions of the residents
by providing opportunities for them to develop self-worth and productivity.

Spirituality in TC

Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in
a man. Spirituality in TCMP is designed to respond to the inner longing of
residents to find greater faith where they can anchor themselves within their
struggle to find meaning to their existence. It summarizes a man’s
relationship with himself, others and the Supreme Being. The spiritual
component provides the residents with activities that would help them
explore the meaning and purpose of their existence and their particular
place in the world.

Intellectual Component
The intellectual component on the other hand responds to the natural human
characteristics of yearning for knowledge in order to attain a higher level of
understanding.

A well-structured and well-implemented Intellectual Component is a factor in

establishing a Therapeutic Community for the residents.It helps the
residents restore their self-esteem as their minds become open to ideas and
their intellect does not cease to feed on a free and open interchange of
opinions.

Providing worthwhile opportunities for learning/ education will facilitate

regaining their human quality and self-respect thereby making self-
realization - that being law-abiding and productive, both during their stay in
the facility and their eventual release in the society’s mainstream is the real
essence and measure of development.

SPIRITUAL COMPONENT

*TC Philosophy

*TC Unwritten Philosophies

*Theme/Concept of the Day

*Meditation

*Religious Activities

Objectives:

1. To enhance personal and spiritual well-being of residents

2. To appreciate the value of the Word of God in relation to
our life and as nourishment to the soul
3. To give opportunity for the residents to experience special
encounter and healing from God
4. To remind the residents for the need for constant connection
with God in their lives

Indicators:
 1. Active participation of residents in spiritual activities
2. Positive perception on TC implementation
3. Deeper awareness of God’s presence in the residents’ life
4. TC Philosophy /TC Unwritten Philosophies (slogans, sayings, adages)
visibly posted in the facility
5. Regular conduct of various spiritual activities

INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT

*Seminars

*Educational Activities (ALS)

*Debates

*Data Sessions/lectures

*Saturday Night Activities

*Games (Grab Bag, Islands, Charade, Pinoy Henyo)

Objectives:

1. To actualize the intellectual skills of the residents

2. To teach the residents how to think and delay impulses
3. To guide the residents on the right way of thinking and how it
affects his feelings and behavior

Indicators:

1. Residents exhibit increased awareness and positive behavior.

2. Elimination of racial, cultural and gender biases as seen in dealings
 3. Changed perception among residents on enhancement of knowledge/
education

4. Pride in quality, a culture among residents

5. Increased number of residents enrolled in ALS and A & E passers

THE TC PHILOSOPHY

The TC Philosophy is recited daily during the Morning Meeting. It embodies

all the challenges and aspirations of most residents who feel alienated and
the desire to overcome the imposed limitations on their freedom and find
their own place where they could feel safe and welcome.It acknowledges the
importance of fellowship in shaping one’s behavior and motivating one’s
fortitude of helping himself and others. It likewise serves as his anchor in
times of emotional turmoil which he can always go back to and reflect. It
forms emotional binding among the participants knowing that they are
grounded on the same philosophy.

1. Surrender

“I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself”

I am where I am right now because I admit that something went wrong with
my life that I have no control over. I admit that I need the help of a Higher
Power and of others to bring positive change in my life.

2. Self-disclosure

“Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others, I am

running. Until I suffer them to share my secrets, I have no safety
from them. Afraid to be known, I can neither know myself or any
other; I will be alone.”

I now know that unless I come out in the open and admit my mistakes, I will
forever be running from them. I need to disclose my deepest secrets to my
peers so that I can find the right ways of dealing with them. By opening
myself up for others to see through me, I will be free from my own demons
and let others guide and help me though my ordeals. Nobody can help me
unless I let them know my woes and let them understand that like them, I
also need help.

3. Reflection

“Where else but in our common grounds can I find such a mirror?”

There is no better place to disclose my feelings than in a place full of people

with similar experiences where I feel safe and free from prejudices. People
are here for different reasons but with a common problem. It is easy to
identify with somebody who is going through the same experience as me.

1. Self-realization

“Here together, I can appear clearly to myself, not as the giant of

my dreams not the dwarf of my fears, but as a person, part of the
whole with my share in its purpose”

When I start to understand myself better, I began to realize how all my

negative behaviors came to be. It is easier to deal with something when we
understand its roots. I will learn not to look at myself as too big or too small
to handle all my worries. I will learn that I will deal with them as a person
among others who are united together to help each other by relating our
similar attitudes and behaviors.

2. Growth

“In this ground, I can take root and grow”

I realize that this environment can help me overcome my mistakes and start
a new life. I can anchor myself in this community to foster permanent
change.
 3. Self-worth

“Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to myself and to others”

I begin to believe in my ability to overcome all my challenges and give out all
my best for myself and others. I also believe in my ability to be of help to
others who are in similar situation.

TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHIES

The unwritten philosophy of TC consists of slogans or aphorisms that are

verbally given to the residents to impart the beliefs and values of TC in
relation to their day to day living. These sayings are used to remind the
residents as to what are considered important to them.

1. “Honesty”
A lot of residents continue to live in a lie without the fear of its
consequences. This virtue points out the importance of truth and its
relevance to recovery.

2. “Responsible love and concern”

The residents will learn how to give and accept criticisms without
resentment. Bonded by trust and confidence, the residents know that
mistakes need to be corrected if the aim is to bring the other towards
behavioral change.

3. “To be aware is to be alive”

Residents learn to be conscious of what is going on in the environment.
In TC, minor attitudes are engrossed to prevent major attitudinal
problems to arise.

4. “Trust in your environment”

There will be no change if there is no honesty and disclosure. Before
doing so, trust must be established. One should believe that the
 program can help him. In doing so, he will learn to accept the program
and use its tools to evoke changes in himself.

5. “Be careful what you ask for, you might just get it”
Man by nature is ambitious. We never get contented with what we
have. We want more, even if having so would lead us to commit
mistakes. We should learn to appreciate what we have and use it to
better ourselves.

6. “No free lunch”

In reality, nothing really comes easy. If we aim for something, we have
to work for it. There is no pride in getting something the easy way. It is
hard to let go of something that we labored for. Change will not come if
we will just wait for it to happen. We have to make it happen.

7. “You can’t keep it unless you give it away”

Knowledge or learning is better appreciated if shared with others.
Something becomes valuable if used to help others make positive
changes in their lives. Helping others help us in the process as we start
to feel good about ourselves.

8. “What goes around comes around”

“Whatever you do unto others will be done unto you”. Any good deed
will be rewarded while evil deeds will be punished in the end. We
should always be mindful of our actions as they are the parameters of
how we will be judged in the end.

9. “Act as if”
Learning and accepting the TC program is not easy. Most residents feel
resistant towards it. This philosophy teaches the residents to go with
the flow as a way of compliance. In the process, they will learn to
embrace it and the behavior will soon become natural.

10. “Understand rather than be understood”

It is sometimes common for us to be selfish. We find it hard to admit

our mistakes hence we tend to blame everybody but ourselves. We
expect everyone around us to understand our wrongdoings but we
seldom make an effort to understand others. Understanding others is a
virtue because it speaks of humility and patience. If we take the first
step to know where others are coming from, there would be lesser
conflicts in relationships.

11. “Personal growth before vested status”

Sometimes, we become so wrapped up in our own status or positions
in life that we tend to forget to develop relationships with the people
around us. We should cultivate our personal abilities before we scale
the ladder to success.

12. “Compensation is valid”

A reward for working hard is well deserved. We get what we put into.

13. “Forgiveness”
To accept what has been done, move on and get over the hurt and
anger gives us a feeling of inner peace and happiness. Failure to get
over the pains will pin us down and stunt our progress.

14. “Humility”
To humble one’ self before others is a laudable virtue. We are often
enveloped by pride that it is difficult for us to lower ourselves and
admit our inadequacies and limitations. By doing so, we develop a fair
insight about ourselves thus giving us the challenge to improve
ourselves.

15. “You alone can do it, but you can’t do it alone”

Oftentimes, we feel invincible and indispensable knowing that certain
tasks can only be accomplished by us. We don’t realize that we have
certain limitations that without the help of others, the burden will be
too great for us. We should learn to reach out for help and admit our
weaknesses.

16. “Pride in quality”

Time flies so fast that we tend to hurry in everything we do. We lose
our focus and do things haphazardly just for the sake of completion.
We should always seek for quality in our work. The product of our labor
speaks of our attitude towards life in general.
 17. “Feelings don’t think”
We usually react impulsively to things around us because of our
feelings. Before we can even think, an action has already been done.
Everything starts in the mind. If we think before we act, chances are,
we will behave with contempt as we have analyzed the process before
the action.

18. “Guilt kills”

One of the underlying reasons for depression is guilt. It is a feeling of
shame and self-blame. If a guilt feeling remains unresolved, it can be
turned inwards, thus resulting to self-inflicted harm.

19. “Hang tough”

Sometimes, we feel that there is no end to our miseries and we feel
helpless and hopeless. No matter how dim life seems to be, there is
always hope. In every problem is a solution. Every problem is a
learning experience that would make us tougher in dealing with life’s
challenges.

20. “You are your brother’s keeper”

In TC, each one is responsible for the other members of the
community. The failure of one is the failure of all. This gives all the
residents a sense of responsibility in shepherding others. The success
of the program is a reflection of how one cares for the other.

THEME/ CONCEPT OF THE DAY

It refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for the community to
ponder upon in relation to their day to day interactions and behaviors. It is
elaborated during the Morning Meeting by some members of the
community to emphasize its relevance and how it can stimulate the
residents’ thoughts and help them change their behavior into something
positive. It can also be taken from the Unwritten Philosophies.
MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR INNER SANCTUARY

The visualization meditation is used to help an individual establish a practice

of moving his attention within, finding his place of relaxation and peace by
contacting his inner wisdom. This experience is unique for everyone so much
so that one’s experience may be different from the others. Some may
experience visual imagery while the others may not. What is important is to
do it the most easy and natural way in order to attain the goal and have the
opportunity to relax and enjoy the process. After the activity, ask the
participants how they feel and what have they learned from the experience.

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants: Residents, Facilitator

Procedure:

A facilitator is present to give the instruction to the participants. Soft

background or meditation music can be used. The instruction goes this way:

“Ang ehersisyong ito ay magsisimula sa pamamagitan ng paghahanap ng

posisyon na komportable sa iyo. Pwedeng nakaupo o nakahiga. Kapag
nakaupo, siguraduhing nakalapat ang likod sa upuan, nakalapat ang
dalawang paa sa sahig at ang mga kamay at braso ay naka-relaks. Kung
nakahiga,humiga ng ang likod ay nakalapat sa sahig at ang katawan ay
naka-relaks.”

“Kapag ikaw ay komportable na, ipikit ang mga mata at damhin ang
nararamdaman ng katawan. Kapag nakaramdam ng tensiyon, huminga ng
malalim at isiping dahan-dahang nawawala ang tensiyon ng katawan at ito
ay tuluyang nagiging relaks.”

“Una ay isipin ang mga daliri ng paa at mga paa.Isipin na ang mga ito ay
dahan-dahang nagiging relaks”
‘Susunod ay ang iyong mga binti at tuhod. Dahan-dahang ilagay ang mga
ito sa posisiyong nakapahinga”

“Dumako naman sa balakang at puson.Isipin na ang mga parting ito ng

katawan ay tuluyang nagiging relaks.Huminga ng malalaim para tuluyang
ma-relaks ang mababang bahagi ng katawan.”

“Dumako naman sa tiyan at mga bahagi sa loob nito.Isiping ang mga ito ay
dahan-dahang lumalambot at nagpapahinga.”

“Isipin ang mga parte ng dibdib ,likod, balikat, braso, kamay at

mgadaliri.Ilagay ang mga ito sa posisyong nakapahinga.”

“Dumako naman sa leeg, ulo, mata, talukap, tenga at panga.I-relaks ang

mga ito.Huminga ng malalim at dahan-dahang ilabas ang hangin kasama ng
paglabas ng lahat ng tensiyon sa mga parting ito. Damhin ang enerhiyang
pumapasok sa katawan at naglalabas ng lahat ng natitirang tensiyon.”

“Habang humihinga ng malalim, i-relaks ang isip na para bang ito ay bahagi
ng katawan.Iwaksi ang anumang isipin hanggang sa ang iyong utak at isip ay
nagiging tahimik at walang bumabagabag.”

“Habang humihinga ng malalim, dalhin ang kamulatan sa isang napakalalim

na lugar sa sarili.”

“Isipin na ikaw ay naglalakad sa isang napakagandang kapaligiran.Maaring

ito ay nakikita sa iyong isip o pwedeng magkunwari na ikaw ay nasa isang
lugar na katulad nito. Habang naglalakad sa kapaligiran, nakikita mo ang
kagandahan nito at nararamdaman mo na lalong nagiging relaks ang
pakiramdam.

“Isipin na ang napakagandang lugar na ito ay iyong nakikita at

nararamdaman.Napaka-espesyal ng lugar na ito para sa iyo. Maaaring ito ay
may mga puno, naggagandahang bulaklak, ilog, dagat at bukid. Ang
napakaganda at tahimik na lugar na ito ay malapit sa iyong puso at ito ay
ang iyong sariling “inner sanctuary” na walang pwedeng makarating kung
hindi ikaw lang.”

“Damhin mo ang simoy ng hangin sa iyong “inner sanctuary”

Nararamdaman mo ba ang sikat ng araw at hangin? Naririnig mo ba ang huni
ng mga ibon at insekto?Naririning mo ba ang hampas ng alon sa dagat?
Damhin mo ang para sa iyo ay nakapagbibigay kasiyahan sa iyo.”
“Tingnan mo ang paligid sa iyong “inner sanctuary” at hanapin ang isang
lugar na makapagbibigay sa iyo ng magandang pahingahan.Gamitin ito na
lugar para ikaw ay umupo o mahiga kung kinakailangan. Damhin ang
kapanatagan ng loob habang ikaw ay nasa “inner sanctuary” mo. Isiping
ikaw ay tulad ng isang spongha na sinisipsip ang lahat ng kabutihan sa
paligid.”

“Ngayon, dalhin ang kamulatan sa isang napakalalim at tahimik na bahagi

ng iyong sarili hanggat matagpuan mo ang iyong lugar na
tigibngkatahimikan at kapayapaan.Dito, ikaw ay ligtas sa lahat ng problema
at anumang dalahin sa buhay. Hayaan ang sariling damhin ang kapayapaan
kung saan walang kailangan gawin kundi ang hayaan ang sarili na
maranasan ng buo ang kapayapaan at kapanatagan ng kalooban.”

“Sa iyong lubos na kapayapaan, mahahanap mo ang iyong sariling kaalaman

na makapagtuturo sa iyo ng iyong mga pangangailangan at nagbibigay ng
tamang gabay sa pagtahak sa buhay.Kahit hindi mo ito nararamdaman o
hindi ka nainiwala dito, hayaang maniwala o isiping na niniwala sa presensya
nito. Maniwala man o hindi, ito ay naririyan sa kalooban mo.”

“Kung may mga tanong ka sa iyong “gabay”, magtanong ka. Maging tahimik
at pakiramdaman ang sagot.Maaaring marinig ito, Makita bilang imahe or
maramdaman. Sa papaano mang paraan, maging bukas at hayaan itong
pumasok sa iyong kamulatan.Maaari ding hindi ito maramdaman. Maari itong
dumating sa mga susunod na panahon. Tanggapin ang anumang karanasan.

“Kung may karagdagang tanong sa iyong“gabay”, tungkol sa pag-ibig,

problema o anumang nangangailangan ng sagot, magtanong at ang pinto ay
magbubukas upang malaman mo ang sagot. Maaring ang mga sagot ay
kakaiba sa inaasahan subalit ito ay darating…”
SEMINARS

Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek

personal involvement among the residents. It is a way of providing
information, improving the resident’s speaking and writing abilities and
enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all the information being
presented.

Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a week

Participants: Residents, Facilitator

Types of Seminars:

1. Discussion- open format and allow for group participation

2. Data Sessions –given specific information and games
3. Games- mind-expanding activities to elicit thought, creativity, and
imagination
4. Seminar series on varied topics (TB, STD)

THE DEBATE

The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn

how to reason ably and put together arguments in a logical manner. This is
also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a
broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain
insights on other’s opinions which may be opposite to their own.

Duration/Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants: 20-30 residents, facilitator

Procedure:
 1. Divide the group into two, according to gender or depending upon the
topic for debate.
2. Assign a group for “pro” and the other as “con”
3. Choose the first speaker for each group. Each group is given 5 minutes
to gather their thoughts on the issue. Each speaker is given 2 minutes.
4. The “pro” group is first to give their opinion on the issue for 2 minutes.
A rebuttal for 2 minutes is allotted for the “con” group.
5. The exchange of opinions is allowed for a few minutes more. Once the
majority has spoken, the facilitator will switch the stand so much so
the “pro” will now become the “con” and vice versa.
6. After the activity, the facilitator will process how the group felt when
they have to defend an issue which is contrary to their beliefs and if
they could see the reasonableness of the other’s arguments? What
have they learned from the activity?

GAMES: THE “GRAB BAG”

The “Grab Bag” is a form of seminar which enhances the residents’ ability to
communicate, analyze ideas and develop insights about themselves with the
use of identification with inanimate objects.

Procedure:

1. Divide the group into small groups of 10 members with one facilitator
per group.
2. Each facilitator will have a plastic bag/ container with different items
inside
3. Without peeping, each resident will grab one item inside the bag.
He/she will be given 3-5 minutes to tell something about the item,
describing it as if he/she were the object, what it is made of and its
use.
4. Each resident takes turn until everyone member of the group has
picked an item and spoke.
5. The facilitator will process the activity and ask the group how they feel
about the activity and what insights they have gained.

SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES

This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event purposely to
instill fun, humor and entertainment after an intense and hectic week. This
gives the residents the chance to let loose and socialize. Each static group is
assigned a specific task or presentation to develop talents among the
residents

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES:

Types of Seminar Duration/ Target Responsible

Persons Persons
Frequency

Seminars: suggested topics:

Spirituality

1. Seminar on Morning SP, Residents,

Meeting IWD Officer
2. Seminar on Written and
Unwritten TC
Philosophies 1-2 Residents
3. Other seminar related to hours/once a
Spirituality such as week
meditation, recollections

Residents

Daily Prayers
15 min.
Bible Study/ Qur’an Study
Residents
Fellowship/Prayer Meeting

Daily Devotion

(Rosary, Angelus, 3 o’clock

prayer, Divine Mercy and other
SP, IWD
devotions from Religious
officer,
Affiliations.
residents
Sacramental Celebrations
c/o Chaplain or other
requested priests 1-2
hours/once a
Fellowship/Prayer Meeting week Residents

Residents

Orientation Seminars 1-2 hours

1. Jail Rules and Regulations

2. Programs and Facility
Guidelines Residents Chaplain, IWD
3. House Structure officer,
4. Meetings Residents
5. Job functions

1-2
hours/once a
week SP, IWD
officer,
residents

Residents

1-2 SP, IWD

hours/once a officer,
week residents

1-2
hours/once a
Residents
week

Personal Development

1. Personal Effectiveness
Seminar
2. Active Listening Hearts
 Seminar
3. Stress Management Residents
4. Grieving Process
5. Domestic Violence and
Abuse
6. Sexual Harassment
7. Anger Management

Social Survival

1. Family life and Parenting

SP, IWD,
2. Human Rights
residents

Health Awareness
1-2
hours/once a
1. Smoking Cessation
week
2. Drug Abuse and Addiction
3. CommonDiseases
Prevention
4. Reproductive Health
5. Health and Sanitation
6. Prevention of
Communicable Diseases
7. Disaster Preparedness Residents
8. Waste Management
9. STD/HIV/AIDS

Games and Group Activities

1. Art Feelings Workshop

2. Family Tree
3. Grab bag
 4. Role playing
5. Awareness Exercise SP, IWD,
6. Psycho-drama residents
7. Charade
8. Pinoy Henyo
9. Poems

1-2
hours/week SP, IWD,
residents

Literacy Program

1-2
basic writing/basic hours/week
reading/basic math/
ALS/participation in the
Accreditation &Equivalency
Residents
Test

Tutorial

Discussion
SP, IWD,
1. Debate
residents
2. Discussion on Residents
Responsibility and other
character traits
3. TC Concepts
4. Values
5. Gender Sensitivity and
Work roles 1-2
hours/week

Workshops
 1. Origami
2. Cooking
3. Gardening
4. Poetry
5. Art Therapy SP, IWD,
6. Music Therapy residents
7. Book Reviews
8. Car maintenance
Residents
9. Flower Arrangement
10. Drama Workshop

1-2
hours/week
Lectures

Topics:

1. History and Origin of the TC

2. Human Development
3. Sexuality
4. Stages of Recovery

Residents

IWD, residents

1-2
hours/week
 IWD,
residents, SP

Residents

1-2
hours/week

SP, IWD,
residents

Residents
 1-2
hours/week

Residents

Procedure:
 1. Select a topic related to expertise of the speaker/lecturer
beneficial to the residents.

2. Schedule the activity.

3. Preparation Phase

4. Seminar Proper

CHAPTER V

VOCATIONAL/SURVIVAL SKILLS

INTRODUCTION

The development of vocational and survival skills starts at the beginning of

performance in job functions in the TC Community which has substantial
value to the individual. Its aim is not only to detain or confine residents but
also to challenge them to learn vocational skills for their reentry to the
community. Vocational rehabilitation helps the individual to become less
dependent, adapt himself and become more independent by making positive
changes.

*TC Hierarchical Structure

*Job Changes

*Job Functions

*Staff Functions

SKILLS AND ATTITUDE DEVELOPMENT

Thinking + Feeling = Behavior

Thinking + Feeling + Behavior = Attitude

An attitude is a set of feelings, thoughts and disposition. Attitudes determine

how one will act. Attitude stems from the way one thinks, feels and behave.
The ideas formed from one’s thinking will be translated into feelings.
Thinking coupled with feelings will determine the reaction of an individual to
certain situations. The person’s attitude will shape his ability to learn and
absorb all the teachings inside the program. It will design his willingness to
take on responsibilities and develop oneself. An individual’s attitude is
relevant to his development in the area of vocation and occupation. It speaks
of his adaptability and flexibility to the different tasks and functions. It will
predetermine how he will later on perform in the hierarchical ladder. The
development of skills is inseparable with the other components of TC as each
component plays a vital part in the shaping of one’s attitude.

ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY

Objectives:

1. To create an organized structure and an efficient system of program

implementation.
2. To foster the feeling of empowerment and self-sufficiency among
residents.
3. To improve the line of communication between personnel and
residents.
4. To promote a self-sufficient TC utilizing the residents who possess a
variety of skills.

Indicators:

1. Orderly and peaceful community

2. Self-reliance
3. Value of work evident through punctuality and patience.
4. Jobs completed on time with proper supervision.
5. Harmonious interpersonal relationship and respect for hierarchy.
6. Pride in quality

Participants: Personnel and residents

 Procedure:

1. The senior member of the staff, usually the Director identifies the
counselors coming from the staff/ personnel.

2. As soon as the counselors were identified, the residents of the community

will submit application for certain desired positions as indicated at the
hierarchical structure.

3. The applicants will be interviewed by the staff (Director, IWDO, Chief

Escort and Custodial).

4. After the interview, selection of applicant for key positions (Coordinator &
Department Head) is done through the use of Socio metric pointing.

5. Crew members will be assigned as per assessment of the IWDO, Chief

Escort and Custodial.

6. New residents will be assigned automatically at the housekeeping

department for one month for orientation purposes.

Table 1.1 The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE A)

TC
DIRECTOR

ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

KITCHEN EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE
SPECIAL SERVICES LAUNDRY LANDSCAPING
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SERVICES
DEPARTMENT

RELIGIOUS
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

SUPPLY
SERVICES HEAD HEAD HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD HEAD

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

LIVELIHOOD DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT EXPEDITERS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT UTILITY
HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD
 CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION – 1,000 UP)

1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin

2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT – Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT – Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT – Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT – Operations
7. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT – IWDO
8. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT – Paralegal/ I&I

Table 1.2 The TCMP Hierarchical Structure (TYPE B)

TC
DIRECTOR

ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS AND MAINTENANCE

KITCHEN EXPEDITING HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE
SPECIAL SERVICES LAUNDRY LANDSCAPING
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SERVICES
DEPARTMENT

RELIGIOUS
COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE
SERVICES

VISITATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

SUPPLY
SERVICES HEAD HEAD HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD HEAD

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT

LIVELIHOOD DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT EXPEDITERS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT UTILITY
HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD HEAD
 CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)

1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin

2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT – Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT – Custodial
5. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT – IWDO
6. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT – Paralegal/ I&
Table 1.3 The TC Hierarchical Structure (Jail pop-1-499 TYPE C)

TC
DIRECTOR

ASST DIRECTOR
DISCIPLINARY BOARD

STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFF

BOD GROUNDS , LANDSCAPING

HOUSEKEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE
SPECIAL SERVICES LAUNDRY KITCHEN DEPARTMENT EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT & MAINTENANCE
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SERVICES
DEPARTMENT

RELIGIOUS SERVICES COORDINATOR COORDINATOR COORDINATOR CHIEF, EXPEDITER COORDINATOR COORDINATOR OFFICE

VISITATION
SERVICES DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT CHIEF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT HEAD DEPARTMENT HEAD SUPPLY
HEAD EXPEDITER HEAD HEAD
CLASS- C TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP -1-499)

1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT – Admin

2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT – Food Service Specialist
3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT – IWDO
4. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT – Paralegal/ I&I

Note: The set up of the Hierarchical Structure depends upon the needs of the
facility.

JOB FUNCTIONS

Objectives:

1. To develop the right attitude of the residents towards work

2. To enhance the capability of the residents in their day to day task

with utmost pride.

Indicators:

1. Developed self- worth and sense of responsibility.

2. Initiative
3. Creativity
4. Ingenuity
5. Pride in quality
Participants: Residents

Duration/frequency: All year round based on jail schedule

Procedure:

Departmental Meeting is conducted weekly for assignment of tasks

which will last for one week in rotation basis within the department. Each
team will be assigned one expediter to monitor the job function. Job rotation
will be primarily based on the progress, performance and capability of each
resident. Promotion or demotion can happen during the process.

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY

(FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST)

Coordinator

1. A positive role model.

2. Deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of the
panel during the haircut and addresses the resident in general
meeting.
3. The leader of a team assigned to oversee a specific department,
e.g. kitchen department
4. Responsible for reporting of job changes and recommends cutting off
of learning experience
5. Assigned as Coordinator on Duty of the day and delegates tasks to be
covered for the day, i.e., investigating and booking.
6. Encourages residents to use behavior shaping tools, i.e., encounter
slips, booking, etc.
7. Responsible for overseeing that each team works efficiently.
8. Supervises the over-all functions of the department in the TC Facility.
9. Reports to staff any incident that is not in the boundaries of a resident
to deal with.
10. Carries out any given task that staff members assigned him/her.
11. In-charge to disseminate instructions given by the Director and
staff through coordination with co-coordinators.
12. Serves as liaison between resident and staff.
Coordinator On Duty (not part of the whole hierarchical structure, each
coordinator take turns to become Coordinator of the Day)

1. He / she is designated as Coordinator of the Day to conduct inspection

in cells, kitchen and other areas where residents are allowed together
with the staff on duty and the chief expediter.
2. Delegates tasks to other coordinators.
3. Under direct communication with the Chief Expediter.
4. Must always be aware and records all the events, incidences of the
day to the logbook.
5. Must have direct link with Staff on Duty.
6. Responsible to disseminate information coming from the Staff or
Director.
7. Evaluates or validate different incidences and seeks staff’s
acknowledgement.

Chief Expediter

1. Responsible for managing the daily function and activities of the

community.
2. Delegates other responsibilities to the Asst. Chief Expediter and
monitors every activity.
3. Oversees the schedule of the day.
4. Communicates with department heads in execution of job functions.
5. Communicates with Coordinator of the Day on an hourly basis.

Assistant Chief Expediter

1. Responsible for execution of directives from the chief

expediter.
2. Supervises the activity inside the dormitories.
3. Monitors overall function of the different departments and reports to
the chief all the incidences.
4. Facilitates department head meetings in the absence of the chief
expediter, job changes and requests. (e.g. request for phone calls)

Department Head

1. Conducts departmental meetings before job function.

2. Delegates specific tasks to team members and monitors individual
conduct.
 3. Monitors participation of members to activities of the program
(Morning Meeting, Seminars and Group Sessions)
4. Checks attendance and whereabouts of team members.
5. Attends department heads pre-evaluation meeting regarding job
change.
6. Recommends grants or denies team members’ in-house requests in
the department head meeting.
7. Conducts post evaluation to residents regarding the result of their
requests.
8. Screens team members’ requests.

Department Crew

1. Responsible for carrying-out tasks, duties and responsibilities of

their concerned departments.

TCMP DEPARTMENTS AND FUNCTIONS

Business Office Department (BOD)

1. Welcomes new members of the family and makes sure that policies,
rules and their limitations are clear.
2. Responsible in facilitating younger members’ group by sharing
experiences.
3. Role model that shows how to overcome trying circumstances
(coping, adjustment, etc.)
4. Orients new residents how to drop slips, ventilate feelings in the
encounter group, use the behavior shaping tools and internalize the
TC Philosophy and Unwritten Philosophies.
5. Provides support to residents when needed.

6. Prepares sequence of program for special events and disseminates

all written communications.
7. Maintains and updates bulletin board postages and announcements.
8. Updates profile of residents (Name, Address, Age, Status, Birth date,
Ethnic Origin etc.) and provides list of residents in the Tag board to
be posted in every dormitory.
9. Prepares sound system in every activity.

Expediting Team

1. Oversees the day-to-day affairs of the different

departments.
 2. Reports any incident in the TC facility and the overall attitude of the
community.
3. In-charge of the attendance of the residents in groups, seminars,
static, specialized groups.
4. Confronts attitudes around the house and make necessary steps to
address them through booking.
5. Coordinates with staff regarding announcements, activities,
medication and court hearings for proper information dissemination.
6. Coordinates with Coordinator on Duty and Medical Staff in attending
to sick residents.
7. Prepare designated room assignments upon admission of new
residents.( Assign big brother/ sister)
8. Oversees activities of residents in the Learning Experience
structure.

Kitchen Department

1. Prepares and cook food for daily consumption.

2. Maintains quality of food and dietary requirements of every menu.
3. Preserves sanitary working environment and maintains kitchen
equipment properly.
4. Manages quantity of food servings to minimize wastage.
5. Prepares menu for special requirements and occasions.
6. Serves meals on time.
7. Ensures proper storage of food items to avoid spoilage and
contamination.
8. Conducts regular health screening of kitchen workers.
9. Maintains proper washing of dishes and kitchen utensils and proper
disposal of waste materials.

Maintenance and Landscaping Department

1. Maintains cleanliness of grounds

2. Responsible in planting, watering and trimming of plants, trees and
flower beds
3. Maintains inventory of materials and equipment.
4. Informs staff of any equipment that needs repair or replacement.
5. Responsible in making minor repairs of jail facilities and equipment.
6. Responsible in monitoring proper usage of water and electricity.

Housekeeping Department
 1. Maintains the cleanliness of the cell area, mess hall, visitation area
and visitor’s comfort room.
2. Maintains inventory of housekeeping materials such as brooms,
dustpans, rugs, floor wax, etc.
3. Provides proper storage of housekeeping materials.

Laundry Department

1. Assigns and schedules laundry time for every dorm.

2. Designates and maintains hanging area for washed clothing.
3. Collects the dried washed clothing and distributes to the respective
dorms.

STAFF FUNCTIONS

Director

The Warden serves as the Director of the facility. He oversees all the
activities in the program. He designates staff to serve as Counselors. He
makes final decisions as to what sanctions or learning experiences will be
meted out to erring residents.

Assistant Director

This position is usually occupied by the Assistant Warden. He takes over the
responsibilities in the absence of the Director. He reports directly to the
Director and assists him in the conduct of the latter’s responsibilities.

Counselor

A staff is assigned as a Counselor for each department. The jail set up is

unique as the Counselors take on other responsibilities in addition. Due to
the inadequate number of jail personnel, custodial officers are oftentimes
assigned as Counselors. The Counselors are responsible for the conduct of
the different activities of TC on a daily basis. Each Counselor will monitor the
activities of their respective departments. They will conduct individual
counseling and facilitate groups. They are present in the conduct of the
different behavior shaping tools. Instead of being the dominant figure, the
Counselor’s role is to bolster or enhance the community as the primary
change agent and build the community to function around the established
hierarchy.

JOB CHANGES
 What: Job Change (Job rotation)
Where: All TC implementing Jails
When: Every six months
Participants: TC staff and residents

Intervention Objectives Expected Method/ Dura Responsible

Results Procedures tion Person
Application To assess Harmonious The Director Six (6) IWDO
Interview and relationship will call for a months Officer of the
Pre determine among the staff meeting Day
evaluation who is the residents for a job Custodial
Discussion best person assigned to rotation or job Staff
Post capable to their new change. Disciplinary
Evaluation handle the position. Departmen- Board
Announceme position tal meeting of
nt among the Personal department
applicants. growth and heads will be
development held.
To create in his attitude The residents
opportunitie towards work will apply for
s and and job their desired
experience functions. position and
various job undergo
positions for interview with
everyone in responsible
the TC persons. Then,
facility. responsible
persons will
evaluate and
discuss the
applicants
qualifications
as well as the
positions to be
occupied. After
post evaluation,
the IWD in-
charge
announces the
selected
applicants on
their respective
positions. New
positions will be
posted at
 bulletin board.

This kind of Job Change will be done regularly every six (6) months. This will
be done by the TCMP Director by calling all the staff/ counselors in order to
facilitate the procedural change of positions handled by department heads
and coordinators. Once the meeting is done, the coordinators will now apply
for the positions as to where they want to be assigned that will be evaluated
by the staff before giving them their new assignments. After each
assignment is identified, the Director or the IWDO will then announce to the
community the new assignments and positions the applicants are holding.

What: Job Change (With Infraction/Offense Committed)

Where: All TC Implementing Jails
When: Upon Violation of Offenses
Participants: Disciplinary Board, TC Staff and Residents

Intervention Objectives Expected Method/ Dura- Responsible

Results Procedure tion Person
Validated by Realiza- Increased Selection of As the IWDO
the inmate tion of the level of qualified need Officer of the
Conduct resident aware- resident to arises Day
investiga- that the ness that the vacated Custodial Staff
tion by offense upon position. Disciplinary
Disciplinary commit- commis- Board
Board ted sion of an
BST brought offense or
Removal demotion infraction
 from the and value will receive
present the need of correspond
position. improve- ing
Promotion of ment of sanction.
deserving behavior
resident and
attitude.

A sudden change of position and responsibility will occur if a certain resident

holding key position commits infraction such as violation of cardinal rules.
Such infraction has been verified and investigated by the responsible
inmates and such investigation report has reached the staff. It is assumed
that the members of the disciplinary board have already sanctioned the
resident after which, he will be ousted of his present position and promotion
and demotion will take effect. For example;

A coordinator of the Kitchen Department was found out using the food
container to facilitate entry of alcoholic beverages. He will be given sanction
by the members of the disciplinary board after the investigation and the
department head of kitchen will assume his position and a crew can be
promoted to take the department head position.

What: Job Change (Vacated Positions upon release)

Where: All TC Implementing Jails
When: Upon release of a resident holding a key position
Participants: TC Staff and Residents

Intervention Objectives Expected Method/ Dura- Responsible

Results Procedure tion Person
Application Assess and Harmonious Upon release IWDO
Interview determine relation- of the Officer of the
Pre evaluation who is the ship among resident Day
Discussion best person the holding key Custodial
Post capable to residents position. Staff
Evaluation handle the assigned to Disciplinary
Announce- position their new Board
ment among the position.
applicants.
 Personal
growth and
develop-
ment in his
attitude
towards
work and
job
functions.

The release of a resident particularly the one who occupies a key position will
open a vacancy. The vacated position will be filled up by either succession
depending on his/her qualifications.

The Director, IWDO, Chief Escort or Custodial may conduct interview and
selection of the applicants vying for the position and will announce later who
qualifies for the vacant position. Never allow the residents to do the selection
and interview without the supervision of any staff.

LIVELIHOOD AND SKILLS TRAINING

Objectives:

1. To motivate the participation of the residents in the livelihood and

skills training in preparation for reintegration to the mainstream of
society.
2. To cultivate and enhance one’s capacity to become productive and
improve self-worth.

Indicators:

1. Self- reliant, resourceful and creative individuals

2. Generate income

Designed Tools: Project Proposals, Training Design, Feasibility Studies

Participants: Residents/ Staff

Procedure:
The IWDO will conduct skills inventory of the residents to determine the
appropriate skills training needed. With the help of skilled staff or outsourced
trainers, residents are trained on their specific field of interest which could
be their source of livelihood once they are released from jail.

List of Suggested Vocational Skills Training:

COURSE DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENTS SUPPORT

GROUP
1. Culinary Cooking and  Length of TESDA/ ALS
Arts Baking for a 3 stay in the
month period of facility (5 (SERVICE
study with one months). PROVIDER)
month On The  Good
Job Training health IWDO

2. Basic Steel TESDA/ ALS

Fabrication Welding -do- (SERVICE

PROVIDER)
IWDO
3. Beads
Making
Enhancemen Training on -do- SERVICE
t beads PROVIDER
enhancement

Other suggested vocational skills training;

1. Rug making
2. Wood carving
3. Flower making
4. Massage Therapy
5. Artistry
6. Basic Electricity
7. Automotive
8. Masonry and Carpentry
9. Tailoring and Dressmaking

10. Tailoring and Dressmaking

11. Furniture
 12. Lantern and Christmas Décor Making

13. T-shirt printing

14. Basket weaving

15. Shell craft

16. Guitar making

17. Organic Farming

SCHEDULE OF DAILY ACTIVITIES

TIME MOND TUESDAY WEDNESDA THURSDA FRIDAY SATURDA SUNDAY

AY Y Y Y
5:00 - 6:00 WAKE- UP TIME / JOB FUNCTIONS
AM
6:00 - 6:45 M O R N I N G E X E R C I S E S
AM
6:45 -7:45 AM BREAKFAST AND BATHING TIME
7:45 - 8:00 PRE –MORNINGMEETING
AM
8:00 - 9:00 M O R NI N G MEETING VISITING PRIVILEGES
AM
9:00 - 9:15 DEPARTMENTAL MEETING (once a week) Hygiene Inspection
AM
Speciali House Cleaning
zed
Group Alternative Learning System/Tutorial Recreation Time
Encounter
9:15 - 11:45 Group/
AM General Bible Static Athletic Saturday Holy
Cleanin Sharing Group Group s Activities Mass/
g Dynamics
LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM Family Day
11:45 - LUNCH SET – UP
12:00PM
12:00 -1:00 L U N C H AND S IE S T A
PM
Static V I S I T I N G P R I V E L E G E S
Group
Communit Visiting Privileges
y Drills
Seminar Expressiv Athletics/ /Exercises Persona House Cleaning
/ or e Therapy l
1: 00 - 5:00 Job Seminar Recreation Time
PM ART Functions Hygiene
Therapy
LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM / SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
WORK-SHOP
5:00 - 6:00 Persona l T I m e / Sp I r I tual Enhancement
PM
6:00 - 7:00 D I N N E R / W A S H - U P
PM
7:00 - 8:30 T V VIEWING Music Therapy
PM
8:30 - 9:00 DEVOTION TIME
PM
9:00 LIGHTS –OFF/TAPS

*Sample schedule of activity

TIME ACTIVITY
 Wake-up time
 Job Function
5:00 -6:00 AM
6:00 -6:45 AM  Morning Exercises(Daily Dozen)
6:45 -7:45 AM  Breakfast and Wash-up
7:45 -8:00 AM  Pre-Morning Meeting
8:00-9:00 AM  Morning Meeting
 ALS Dep-Ed- Mon & Tues (9:00-11:30)
 Bible Study – By Group (10:00-11:00)
 Phone Call Privileges (10:00-11:00)
 Holy Mass as scheduled

9:00-11:30 AM
11:30-12:30 PM  Lunch
12:30- 1:00 PM  Personal Time
1:00-5:00PM  Visiting Privileges
 Monday – No visiting privileges intended for general
cleaning
5:00 – 5:30 PM  Inmates’ Counting
 Job Function/ Departmental Meeting/ Static Group
Meeting
5:30 -6:00 PM  Aerobics/ Dancing
6:00 – 6:30 PM Holy Rosary/ Bible Reading
6:30 -7:30 PM Dinner/ Cleaning-up
7:30 -8:00 PM Spiritual Enhancement
8:00 – 9:00 PM TV Viewing
9:00 PM LIGHTS OFF (TAPS)