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The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito

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The Interpersonal
Communication Book
SIXTEENTH EDITION

Joseph A. DeVito

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito

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The Interpersonal
Communication Book
SIXTEENTH EDITION
GLOBAL EDITION

Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of the City University of New York

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito
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© Pearson Education Limited, 2023

The rights of Joseph A. DeVito to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled The Interpersonal Communication Book, 16th
edition, ISBN 978-0-13-696847-4, by Joseph A. DeVito, published by Pearson Education © 2022.

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito

Brief Contents
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PART ONE Preliminaries to Interpersonal Communication 19

1 Foundations of Interpersonal Communication 19

2 Culture and Interpersonal Communication 47

3 Perception of the Self and Others 73

PART TWO Interpersonal Messages 104

4 Verbal Messages 104

5 Nonverbal Messages 134

6 Listening 178

7 Emotional Messages 203

8 Conversational Messages 227

PART THREE Interpersonal Relationships 259

9 Interpersonal Relationship Stages, Communication,

and Theories 259

10 Interpersonal Relationship Types 288

11 Interpersonal Conflict and Conflict Management 326

12 Interpersonal Power and Influence 352

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito

Contents
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Specialized Contents 8 2 Culture and Interpersonal

Welcome to The Interpersonal Communication 47
Communication Book 9
Culture 48
The Importance of Cultural Awareness 49
PART ONE The Transmission of Culture 52
Preliminaries to Interpersonal The Aim of a Cultural Perspective 52
Communication 19 Cultural Differences 54
Individual and Collective Orientation 56
1 Foundations of Interpersonal High- and Low-Context Cultures 57
Communication 19 Power Distance 58
The Benefits of Studying Interpersonal Masculine and Feminine Cultures 59
Communication 20 High-Ambiguity-Tolerant and Low-Ambiguity-
Personal Benefits 20 Tolerant Cultures 59
Professional Benefits 20 Long- and Short-Term Orientation 60
Personal and Professional Choices 21 Indulgence and Restraint 61
The Elements of Interpersonal Communication 22 Principles for Effective Intercultural Communication 63
Source–Receiver 24 Educate Yourself 64
Messages 26 Recognize Differences 65
Channel 27 Confront Your Stereotypes 66
Noise 28 Reduce Your Ethnocentrism 67
Context 30 Anticipate Culture Shock 68
Effects 30 Adjust Your Communication 69
Ethics 31 Summary of Concepts 71
The Principles of Interpersonal Communication 33 Summary of Skills 72
Interpersonal Communication Varies in Key Terms 72
Mindfulness 33
Interpersonal Communication Exists on 3 Perception of the Self and Others 73
a Continuum 34
The Self in Interpersonal Communication 74
Interpersonal Communication Is
Transactional 35 Self-Concept 74
Interpersonal Communication Is Purposeful 37 Self-Awareness 76
Interpersonal Communication Is Ambiguous 38 Self-Esteem 78
Interpersonal Communication Refers to Content Perception in Interpersonal Communication 82
and Relationship 39 Stage One: Stimulation 83
Interpersonal Communication Is a Series of Stage Two: Organization 83
Punctuated Events 41 Stage Three: Interpretation–Evaluation 84
Interpersonal Communication Is Inevitable, Stage Four: Memory 85
Irreversible, and Unrepeatable 42 Stage Five: Recall 86
Summary of Concepts 45 Impression Formation 86
Summary of Skills 46 Impression Formation Processes 87
Key Terms 46 Increasing Accuracy in Impression Formation 92

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito
Contents 5

Impression Management: Goals and Strategies 95 Nonverbal Messages Create Immediacy 137
To Be Liked: Affinity-Seeking and Politeness Nonverbal Messages Help Form
Strategies 96 Relationships 139
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To Be Believed: Credibility Strategies 98 Nonverbal Messages Structure Conversation 139
To Excuse Failure: Self-Handicapping Strategies 99 Nonverbal Messages Can Influence and
To Secure Help: Self-Deprecating Strategies 99 Deceive 140
To Hide Faults: Self-Monitoring Strategies 100 Nonverbal Messages Are Crucial for Expressing
To Be Followed: Influencing Strategies 100 Emotions 141
To Confirm Self-Image: Image-Confirming Channels of Nonverbal Communication 141
Strategies 101 Body Messages 142
Summary of Concepts 102 Facial Communication 145
Summary of Skills 103 Eye Communication 148
Key Terms 103 Touch Communication 152
Paralanguage 154
Silence 156
PART TWO
Spatial Messages and Territoriality 158
Interpersonal Messages 104
Artifactual Communication 161
Olfactory Messages 164
4 Verbal Messages 104
Temporal Communication 166
Principles of Verbal Messages 105
Nonverbal Communication Competence 171
Messages Are Packaged 105
Encoding Skills 172
Message Meanings Are in People 106
Decoding Skills 173
Meanings Are Denotative and Connotative 107
Summary of Concepts 175
Messages Vary in Abstraction 107
Summary of Skills 176
Messages May Be Metacommunication 108
Key Terms 177
Messages Vary in Politeness 109
Messages Can Be Onymous or Anonymous 112
Messages Can Deceive 112 6 Listening 178
Messages Vary in Assertiveness 114 The Process and Skills of Listening 179
Confirmation and Disconfirmation 117 Stage One: Receiving 180
Racism 118 Stage Two: Understanding 181
Ageism 119 Stage Three: Remembering 182
Heterosexism 120 Stage Four: Evaluating 183
Sexism 122 Stage Five: Responding 184
Cultural Identifiers 122 Listening Barriers 186
Verbal Message Competence 126 Physical and Mental Distractions 186
Extensionalize: Avoid Intensional Orientation 126 Biases and Prejudices 187
See the Individual: Avoid Allness 127 Lack of Appropriate Focus 187
Distinguish Between Facts and Inferences: Premature Judgment 188
Avoid Fact–Inference Confusion 127 Hearing Impairment 188
Discriminate Among: Avoid Indiscrimination 129 Styles of Effective Listening 190
Talk about the Middle: Avoid Polarization 129 Empathic Listening 191
Update Messages: Avoid Static Evaluation 130 Polite Listening 193
Summary of Concepts 132 Critical Listening 194
Summary of Skills 133 Active Listening 195
Key Terms 133 Culture, Gender, and Listening 198
Culture and Listening 198
5 Nonverbal Messages 134 Gender and Listening 199
Principles of Nonverbal Communication 136 Summary of Concepts 201
Nonverbal Messages Interact with Verbal Messages 136 Summary of Skills 201
Nonverbal Messages Help Manage Impressions 137 Key Terms 202

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito
6 Contents

7 Emotional Messages 203 PART THREE

Principles of Emotions and Emotional Interpersonal Relationships 259
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Messages 206
Emotions May Be Primary or Blended 206 9
Interpersonal Relationship Stages,
Emotions Involve Both Body and Mind 207 Communication, and Theories 259
Emotional Expression Uses Multiple Relationship Stages 261
Channels 208 Contact 262
Emotional Expression Is Governed by Involvement 263
Display Rules 209
Intimacy 263
Emotional Expression Can Be Used
Deterioration 264
Strategically 210
Repair 264
Emotional Expression Has
Consequences 211 Dissolution 265
Emotions May Be Adaptive and Movement among the Stages 266
Maladaptive 211 Relationship Communication 268
Emotions Are Contagious 212 Communicating in Developing and Maintaining
Obstacles to Communicating Emotions 215 Relationships 268
Personality Factors 215 Communicating in Deteriorating and Dissolving
Relationships 270
Inadequate Interpersonal Skills 216
Communicating in Relationship Repair 273
Societal and Cultural Customs 216
Relationship Theories 275
Fear 217
Attraction Theory 275
Emotional Competence 218
Relationship Rules Theory 278
Emotional Expression 218
Relationship Dialectics Theory 280
Emotional Responding 221
Social Exchange Theory 282
Summary of Concepts 225
Equity Theory 282
Summary of Skills 225
Politeness Theory 283
Key Terms 226
Summary of Concepts 286
Summary of Skills 287
8 Conversational Messages 227 Key Terms 287
Principles of Conversation 228
The Principle of Process 228 10 Interpersonal Relationship Types 288
The Principle of Cooperation 230 Friendship Relationships 290
The Principle of Expressiveness 231 Definition and Characteristics 290
The Principle of Politeness 232 Friendship Types 291
The Principle of Dialogue 233 Friendship Needs 293
The Principle of Turn Taking 234 Friendship and Communication 293
Conversational Disclosure 237 Friendship, Culture, and Gender 295
Revealing Yourself 237 Love Relationships 297
Influences on Self-Disclosure 238 Love Types 298
Rewards and Dangers of Self-Disclosure 239 Love and Communication 300
Guidelines for Self-Disclosure 241 Love, Culture, and Gender 301
Everyday Conversations 243 Family Relationships 302
Small Talk 244 Characteristics of Families 303
Introductions 246 Couple Types 304
Excuses 248 Family Types 305
Apologies 249 Family and Communication 306
Favors 251 Families, Culture, and Gender 308
Compliments 252 Workplace Relationships 309
Advice 254 Workplace Communication 310
Summary of Concepts 257 Networking Relationships 312
Summary of Skills 258 Mentoring Relationships 313
Key Terms 258 Romantic Relationships at Work 314

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 The Interpersonal Communication Book (16th Edition) DeVito
Contents 7

Online Relationships 317

Tweeting 317
12
Interpersonal Power and
Influence 352
Blogging 317
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Social/Workplace Networking 318 Principles of Power and Influence 353
The Dark Side of Interpersonal Relationships 318 Some People Are More Powerful
Than Others 353
Jealousy 318
Power Can Be Shared 354
Violence 320
Power Can Be Increased or Decreased 355
Summary of Concepts 323
Power Follows the Principle of Less
Summary of Skills 324 Interest 355
Key Terms 325 Power Generates Privilege 356
Power Is Influenced by Culture 356
11 Interpersonal Conflict and Relationship, Person, and Message Power 358
Conflict Management 326 Power in the Relationship 358
Preliminaries to Interpersonal Conflict 327 Power in the Person 360
Definition of Interpersonal Conflict 327 Power in the Message 362
Myths about Interpersonal Conflict 328 Resisting Power and Influence 365
Interpersonal Conflict Issues 328 Misuses of Power 366
Principles of Interpersonal Conflict 331 Sexual Harassment 366
Conflict Is Inevitable 331 Bullying 369
Conflict Can Have Negative and Positive Effects 332 Power Plays 371
Conflict Is Influenced by Culture and Gender 333 Prosocial Communication 373
Conflict Styles Have Consequences 335 The Nature of Prosocial Communication 373
Conflict Management Is a Multistep Process 336 Factors Influencing Prosocial Communication 373
Conflict Management Strategies 340 Examples of Prosocial Communication 375
Win–Lose and Win–Win Strategies 343 Effects of Prosocial Communication 376
Avoidance and Active Fighting Strategies 343 Summary of Concepts 377
Force and Talk Strategies 344 Summary of Skills 378
Face-Attacking and Face-Enhancing Strategies 345 Key Terms 378
Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness
Strategies 346 Glossary 379
Summary of Concepts 350 References 390
Summary of Skills 350 Credits 420
Key Terms 351 Index 422

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