Chapter 1 Introducing Interpersonal Communications

Interpersonal Messages: Communication and Relationship Skills, Third Edition
Messages
Building Interpersonal
Communication Skills
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Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of the City University of
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Marilyn Marth
Mohawk College
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C H A P T E R
Introducing Interpersonal
Communication
.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
Explain the personal and professional benefits to be
derived from the study of interpersonal
communication.
Define interpersonal communication.
Diagram the communication model.
Explain and give examples of the principles of
communication.
Define and illustrate the four essential interpersonal
communication competencies.
.
1-1
Why Study Interpersonal
Communication?
• Personal & Social Success
• Professional Success
1-2
.
Communication?
Personal & Social Success
Requires effective
interpersonal
communication.
Relationships are made,
maintained, and
sometimes destroyed
based on interpersonal
interaction.
.
1-3
Communication?
Professional Success
Employers look for people with “the ability to effectively communicate orally and in writing .”
(Hart Research Associates, 2010)
Employers look for people with “the ability to effectively

communicate orally and in writing.”
(Hart Research Associates, 2010)
1-4
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc .
The Nature of Interpersonal
Communication
Interpersonal communication:
involves interdependent individuals.
is inherently relational.
exists on a continuum.
involves verbal and nonverbal messages.
exists in varied forms.
is transactional.
involves choices.
1-5
.
Involves Interdependent Individuals
Interpersonal communication is the verbal and nonverbal
interaction between two (or more) “connected” people
Family
Friends
Employer & Employee
They are interdependent, what one person does has an effect on the other
They are interdependent, what one person

does has an effect on the other.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc.

1-6
Is Inherently Relational
Takes place in a relationship
Affects the relationship
Defines the relationship
The way you communicate

influences the kind of relationship
you will have.
.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc 1-7
Interpersonal Communication
Exists on a Continuum
.
1-8
Impersonal vs. Personal
Social Role Information vs. Personal Information
Social Rules vs. Personal Rules
Social Messages vs. Personal Messages
.
Involves Verbal & Nonverbal
Messages
Verbal
Words
Non-verbal
Facial expressions
Tone
Touch
Silence
Eye contact
Body Language
.
1-10
Exists in Varied Forms
Face to Face
Online
Computer-mediated
Asynchronous
Synchronous
What are the similarities and differences between online

and face to face communication?
.
1-11
Is Transactional
.
1-12
Involves Choices
Choice points
Dewey’s Reflective Thinking Method
1. The problem
2. The criteria
3. The possible solutions
4. The analysis
5. The selection and execution
.
1-13
The Elements of Interpersonal
Communication
.
1-14
Essential Elements
 Source-Receiver
 Messages
 Feedback
 Feedforward
 Channel
 Noise
 Context
 Competence
1-15
.
Source-Receiver
Interpersonal communication involves at least two
individuals
Source-Receiver
Encoder-Decoder
1-16
.
Messages
Metamessages
Refers to other messages; a message about a
message
Feedback Messages
Refers to a message that conveys information
about the messages you send
Feedforward Messages
Refers to messages that convey information about
messages before you send them
.
Channel
Medium through which messages are sent:
Face to face
Telephone
Email
Movies
Television
Information overload
.
1-18
Channel
How a message is sent
•Channels Mediated Channels
Face to face E-mail

Non-verbally Instant Messages
Tactile Text Pages
Vocal-Auditory Film
Television
Cell Phone
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-19

Noise
Anything that interferes with the message being received
Physical noise
Physiological noise
Psychological noise
Semantic noise
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Can noise be eliminated?
.
Context
The environment influencing form and content of
communication.
Dimensions of context:
Physical
Social-psychological
Temporal or time dimension
Cultural
.
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Principles of Interpersonal
Communication
Interpersonal Communication:
Is Purposeful
Is A Package of Signals
Involves Content and Relationship Messages
Is A Process of Adjustment
Involves Power
Is Ambiguous
Is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable
1-22
.
Is Purposeful
Why do we use interpersonal communication?
To learn
To relate
To influence
To help
To play
1-23
.
Purposeful
• Interpersonal communication will help you:
• Learn about the world

• Relate to others and to form meaningful
relationships
• Influence the attitudes and behaviours of others
• Help others
• Play
.
1-24
Is a Package of Signals
Involves a combination of messages and gestures
Verbal and nonverbal should reinforce each other
What happens when messages in the

“package” contradict each other?
.
Content and Relationship
Messages
Content messages
Focus on the real world, on something external to
the speaker and listener
Relational messages
Focus on the relationship/connection between the
individuals
.
1-26
Is A Process of Adjustment
Each person has their own “system of signals.”
The more similar two people are in communication

and attitudes, the more likely they are to share the
same communication system.
Accommodation Theory
1-27
.
Involves Power
Power is a major component of interpersonal
communication
Six Types of Power:
Legitimate
Referent
Reward
Coercive
Expert
Information or persuasion
1-28
.
Is Ambiguous
Messages have more than one meaning.
Words can be interpreted differently.
Relationships contain uncertainty.
Clarifying tactics can reduce ambiguity.
.
Is Inevitable, Irreversible &
Unrepeatable
Inevitable
Whether intentional or not, we are always
communicating. You cannot not communicate.
Irreversible
Once something is said, can you take it back?
Unrepeatable
Everyone and everything is constantly changing.
.
The Competent Interpersonal
Communicator is:
 Critical and Mindful
 Skillful
 Culturally Aware and
Sensitive
 Ethical
 Demonstrates Self-
Awareness, Empathy,
Respect, Genuineness
& Humility
.
Think Critically & Mindfully
Critical thinking = logical thinking.
Mindfulness is a state of awareness in which you are
conscious of your reasons for thinking or behaving.
To increase mindfulness:
Create and re-create categories
Be open to new information and points of view
Beware of relying too heavily on first impressions
Think before you act
.
1-32
Be Skillful
 Empathy
 Power and Influence
 Listening
 Politeness
 Using Verbal and Nonverbal Messages
 Managing Interpersonal Conflict
 Establishing and Maintaining Relationships
.
1-33
Skillful Communication
 STEP
1. Get a clear understanding of what the SKILL is

2. Understand the THEORY
3. Develop EXAMPLES
4. PRACTICE
.
1-34
Be Culturally Aware &
Sensitive
Culture—the lifestyle of a group of people.
Values
Beliefs
Artifacts
Ways of Behaving and Communicating
Strong interpersonal communicators are aware of
and sensitive to culture.
1-35
.
Be Ethical
Questions of Ethics
Good and Bad
Right and Wrong
Moral and Immoral
All interpersonal communication has ethical

dimensions.
.
1-36

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Chapter 1 Introducing Interpersonal Communications

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Interpersonal Messages: Communication and Relationship Skills, Third Edition

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc .

(Hart Research Associates, 2010)

Employers look for people with “the ability to effectively

They are interdependent, what one person

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc.

The way you communicate

What are the similarities and differences between online

•Channels Mediated Channels

Face to face E-mail

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-19

• Learn about the world

What happens when messages in the

The more similar two people are in communication

1. Get a clear understanding of what the SKILL is

All interpersonal communication has ethical

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