Bangladesh university of Engineering &

technology

MME 348
Metal Joining Technology Sessional

Experiment No. 08
Experiment Name: Micro and Macro Examination of Welded Joints (MMAW and
TIG)

Submitted by
Raisa Tahiyah
ID: 1711025
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
Level-Term: 3-2

Date of Submission: 25.02.2022

 Plagiarism Statement
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PLAGIARISM STATEMENT (to be signed by student)

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own, either on purpose or through carelessness, is a serious offense known as
plagiarism. Plagiarism is an examination offence and may carry heavy penalties.

I declare that apart from properly referenced quotations, this report is my own work and
contains no plagiarism; it has not been submitted previously for any other assessed work on
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I further declare that the report in any way does not resemble cheating and attempted cheating,
lying, and stealing.

Student Name: Raisa Tahiyah

Student Number: 1711025

Course Number: MME 348 Metal Joining Technology Sessional

Student Signature:

Date: 25.02.2022

Adopted from Foreign Universities

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 1. Identify the Rail Profile
Linear Mass

Average Rail Mass of Rail Mass Difference

Rail Profile Rail Mass, X (kg/m)
Sample, Y (kg/m) |𝑿 − 𝒀|

60E1 60.21 1.4

60E2 60.03 1.22

58.81
56E1 56.3 2.51

55E1 56.03 2.78

The difference is minimum for the rail profile 60E2.

Hece, the rail profile is 60E2.

2. Identify the Steel grade

Tensile test

Average
Upper Tensile Average Elongation,
Upper Average
Yield Strength, Tensile A
Sample Sample Yield Elongation
Strength Rm Strength G.L. kSo
Location No. Strength

MPa MPa MPa MPa % %

1 815 1086 9
Figure 5
of BS EN 2 819 817 1144 1137 9 9
13674:1
3 817 1180 9

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 Chemical Composition

Positi Chemical Composition (%wt)

on
Locatio
(As
n
per C Si Mn S P Cr Al V N Mo Ni Cu Sn Sb Ti Nb
Fig. 1)

Point
0.81 0.72 0.90 0.007 0.015 0.81 0.001 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.020 0.008 0.001
Figure 1
5
of BS Point
0.81 0.73 0.91 0.006 0.015 0.81 0.001 0.008 0.004 0.001 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.019 0.007 0.001
EN 2
13674:
1 Point
0.79 0.72 0.89 0.008 0.014 0.80 0.001 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.019 0.007 0.001
3

Average 0.80 0.72 0.90 0.007 0.015 0.81 0.001 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.019 0.007 0.001

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Hardness

Figure 2: Hardness Testing Position

Hardness (HBW) at different positions as per Fig

Sample
Location
No. 1 1’ 1” 2 2’ 3 4 4’ 5 5’ 6

1 286 279 353 344 344 344 237 336 286 279 353
Figure 9 of BS
2 327 279 237 353 336 327 344 371 294 279 353
EN 13674:1
3 286 344 279 344 336 344 231 336 301 279 344
Average 300 300 290 347 339 338 271 348 294 279 350

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Hardness Chart for different Steel Grades

Steel
Hardness
grade a
range Description Branding lines
Steel Steel (HBW)
name number

Non-alloy (C-Mn) Non heat

R200 1.0521 200 to 240 No branding lines
treated

Non-alloy (C-Mn) Non heat

R220 1.0524 220 to 260 −−−−
treated

Non-alloy (C-Mn) Non heat −−

R260 1.0623 260 to 300
treated −−−−

Non-alloy (C-Mn) Non heat −−−−

R260Mn 1.0624 260 to 300
treated −−−−

−−−−
Alloy (1 %Cr) Non heat
R320Cr 1.0915 320 to 360 −−−−
treated
−−−−

Non-alloy (C-Mn) Heat −−

R350HT 1.0631 350 to 390 b
treated −−−− −−−−

−−
Non-alloy (C-Mn) Heat
R350LHT 1.0632 350 to 390 b −−−− −−−−
treated
−−

−−
R370CrHT 1.0992 370 to 410 Alloy (C-Mn) Heat treated −−−− −−−−
−−−−

Non-alloy (C-Mn) Heat −−−−

R400HT 1.1254 400 to 440
treated −−−−−−−−

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Combined data table of Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties

Tensi
le
Steel % Stren Elonga
gth tion A
grade by mass Rm min. %
min.
MPa
P S V
Steel Sam Al N
C Si Mn ma ma Cr ma
name pl e max max
x x x
Liqui 0,40 to 0,15 to 0,70 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,00
< 0,15
d 0,60 0,58 1,20 35 35 4 30 9
R200 680 14
0,38 to 0,13 to 0,65 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,01
Solid <0,15
0,62 0,60 1,25 40 40 4 30 0
Liqui 0,50 to 0,20 to 1.00 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,00
< 0,15
d 0,60 0,60 1,25 25 25 4 30 9
R220 770 12
0,48 to 0,18 to 0,95 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,01
Solid < 0,15
0,62 0,62 1,30 30 30 4 30 0
Liqui 0,62 to 0,15 to 0,70 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,00
< 0,15
d 0,80 0,58 1,20 25 25 4 30 9
R260 880 10
0,60 to 0,13 to 0,65 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,01
Solid < 0,15
0,82 0,60 1,25 30 30 4 30 0
Liqui 0,55 to 0,15 to 1,30 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,00
< 0,15
R260M d 0.75 0,60 1,70 25 25 4 30 9
880 10
n 0,53 to 0,13 to 1.25 to 0,0 0,0 0,00 0,0 0,01
Solid < 0,15
0.77 0,62 1,75 30 30 4 30 0
Liqui 0,60 to 0,50 to 0,80 to 0,0 0,0 0,80 to 0,00 0,1 0,00
d 0,80 1,10 1,20 20 25 1,20 4 8 9
R320Cr 1080 9
0,58 to 0,48 to 0,75 to 0,0 0,0 0,75 to 0,00 0.2 0,01
Solid
0,82 1.12 1.25 25 30 1,25 4 0 0

Chemical composition, hardness, tensile strength, elongation resemble with R320Cr. Hence, the
steel grade is R320Cr.

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 3. Hardness Profile
Profile drawn from the hardness data table. The hardness testing position was determined from
figure 2.

Brinell Hardness

58
 4. Microstructure

Testing Position
BS EN 13674-1:2011 + A1:2017
(Location)
Magnification 500

Fig. 3 Microstructures of two different locations at the head

59
 5. DPT: NDT Test [Dye Penetrant Test]
Sample 1

Surface
Crack

6. MPI: NDT Test [Magnetic Particle Inspection]

Sample 2

Surface Crack

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7. Hardness Profile of Sample 1 in HRC scale

61
 8. Macrostructure Study
Sample 1

62
Here,
FZ= Fusion Zone
HAZ= Heat Affected Zone
BM= Base Metal (Unaffected)

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