B.6.

B.6

367

B.6.1

B.6.1.1

E3
t t

a a a
}
{
1 , 2 (1 , 2 ) a

}
{
1 , 2

: R 7 R2 ;

= 1 ()

= 2 ()

(B.6.1)

a da

da =

gd1 d2

(B.6.2)

a dl

dl =

(B.6.3)

g a gij

a gij
= g

g = det gij

(B.6.4)
(B.6.5)

a + d dt dl
F ()

dt
d0 dl

F () = lim

(B.6.6)

F
T

TT n = F

(B.6.7)

n
a (B.6.7)
a T
Cauchy T

(
)
(
) (
)
T 1 , 2 = t 1 , 2 1 , 2

(B.6.8)

368

(B.6.6) a

dt = T T ndl

(B.6.9)

{
}
T 1 , 2 (B.6.7) (2.2.21) T
T () = T
a g 1 , g 2 , g 1 , g 2 N

i
gi gk
T = Tk

(B.6.10)

i
N Tk

[
]
T11 T21
(B.6.11)
T12 T22

F dl + f da = 0
a

(B.6.12)

T
T ndl + f da = 0
a

(B.6.13)

T T ndl = divT da
a

divT = T = g i

(
= g1

T
T
+ g2 2
1

(
)
1
2
i
g
=
g
+
g
i
1
2

(B.6.14)

)
(B.6.15)

(B.6.16)

T T ndl =

da

(B.6.17)

divT da +

f da = 0
a

(B.6.18)

B.6.

369

(divT + f ) da = 0

(B.6.19)

a T
f

lim divT da + f dv = 0
a0

divt + f = 0

(B.6.20)

)
(
T
T
divT = 0 g 1 1 + g 2 2 = 0
(B.6.21)

g 1 , g 2 , N
N
g 1 , g 2 , N

divT g 1 = 0

divT g 2 = 0

divT N = 0

divT g 1 + f1

div g 2 + f2

div N + f

(B.6.22)

=0
=0

(B.6.23)

=0

div

f = f1 g 1 + f2 g 2 + f N

(B.6.24)

I = gi gi + N N

(B.6.25)

div I = 0

(B.6.26)

div I = f

(B.6.27)

(B.6.22)

I = g i g i

370

div I = div (B.6.26)

div I = I div

(B.6.28)

(B.6.26) (B.6.27)

B.6.1.2

B.6.1.3

B.6.1.4

divT + f = 0 (in a)

TT n = F
(on a)

T
T = T
(in a)

(B.6.29)

B.6.1.5

div + f = 0 (in a)

n=F
(on a)

: = 0
(in a)

: edv =
F U da + f udv
a

(B.6.30)

(B.6.31)

B.3

e =

1
( u + u )
2

(B.6.32)

1
( u u )
2

(B.6.33)

B.6.

371

: edv + : dv = +
a

: dv

F uda + f udv

: udv =
F uda + f udv
a

(B.6.36)

(B.6.35)

(n ) uda ( ) udv =
v

(B.6.35)

: ( u) dv =
(n ) uda ( ) udv
a

(B.6.34)

F uda +
v

f udv

(B.6.37)

+ f = 0 (in a)

(B.6.38)
T n
= F (on a)

+ f

= 0 (in a)

T n

= F (on a)

(B.6.39)

B.6.2

B.6.2.1

i
t k

{
}
1 , 2 (1 , 2 )
a

{}

(B.6.40)

1 = 1 ()
: R 7 R2 ;
(B.6.41)
2 = 2 ()

(
)
r 1 , 2 a
a

(
)
(
)
r () = r 1 , 2 () = r 1 () , 2 ()

(B.6.42)

372

g 1 , g 2

gi =

r
(i = 1, 2)
i

(B.6.43)

gij

gij = g i g j

(B.6.44)

g 1 , g 2 a

da =

gd1 d2

(B.6.45)

g = det gij

(B.6.46)

(B.6.47)

dl =

= g

(B.6.48)

1 =

gd2

2 = gd1
{
}
{1 , 2 } d1 , d2
i = gij dj

(B.6.49)
(B.6.50)

(B.6.51)

( 1 2)
( 1 2)
i
i
Tk
, = tk
,

(B.6.52)

i
t k
Cauchy

dF = Fk g k dl

(B.6.53)

i k
Tk
g (i ) = dF , (on a)

(B.6.54)

dF k = 1, 2
(i ) (i )

fk g k da + f nda = 0

dF +
a

(B.6.55)

B.6.

373

(B.6.54)

(
)
i k
Tk g (i ) +
fk g k da + f n da = 0
a

(B.6.56)

f = fk g k + f3 n
f

i k
Tk
g (i ) =

( i k)
i Tk
g da

(B.6.56)

( i k)
i Tk g da + fk g k + f nda = 0
a

(B.6.57)

(B.6.58)

( i k)
i Tk
g
i aj =

aj
+ j,i a
i

(B.6.59)

( i k)
Tk
g
(
)
) k
( i k) (
i
i
i g k
g + Tk
g = i Tk
i Tk

(B.6.60)

i g k

i g k = hij g jk n

(B.6.61)

hij n
(B.6.58)

i
i Tk

+ fk g da +
a

)
i
Tk
hij g jk + f nda = 0

(B.6.62)

i
i Tk
+ fk = 0 (in a)

(B.6.63)

i
Tk
hij g jk + f = 0 (in a)

(B.6.64)

T i + fk

i k
i
Tk
hij g jk + f

T i ( )
k

D T i
k
D T i

= 0 (in a)
= 0 (in a)

(B.6.65)

= Fk dl (on l)

i
i
= Tk
T
hk
i
+ Tji g jk hk
= T

(B.6.66)

374

i
i
i
i
T
= 0 D Tk
= Tk
D T
= Tji g jk hk

D T i + fk = 0 (in a)

i k
i
(B.6.67)
Di T
+ f = 0 (in a)

T i ( ) = F dl (on l)
k

i D

(B.6.66)
i
i
T = Tk
g i g k + T
g i n (i, k = 1, 2)

(B.6.68)

T
gk

T
= gi n

i
D Tk
= gi

(B.6.69)

i
D T

(B.6.70)

i
Tk

i
T = Tk
g i g k (i, k = 1, 2)

i
= gi
Tk

T
gk

(B.6.71)

(B.6.72)

B.6.2.2

D T i + fk

i k

= 0, (in a)

D Ti
i

= 0, (in a)

+ f

T i ( )
i
k

= Fk dl, (on l)

rk , r , Rk

D T i + fk
= rk , (in a)

i k
i
Di T
+ f
= r , (in a)

F dl T i ( ) = R dl, (on l)
k

(B.6.74)

[
]
k

w =
rk u + r u da +
a

(B.6.73)

Rk uk dl = 0

(B.6.75)

u1 , u2 , u (B.6.74)

r
= 0 (in a, k = 1, 2)

k
r = 0 (in a)

R = 0 (on l, k = 1, 2)
k

(B.6.76)

B.6.

375

(B.6.74)

[(
) k (
) ]
[
]
i
i
i
w =
Di Tk
u + Di T
u da+
fk uk + f u da+
Fk uk dl
Tk
uk (i ) = 0
a

(B.6.77)
(B.6.73)

[ i
]
[(
) k (
) ]
i
i
i
Tk Di uk + T
Di u da+
Di Tk
u + Di T
u da =
a

[ i k
]
i
Tk u + T
u i
(B.6.78)

i
T
= 0

[(
) k (
) ]
i
i
i
k
Di Tk u + Di T u da = Tk Di u da +
a

i
Tk
Di uk da

ij

(B.6.79)

Fk uk dl = 0.

(B.6.80)

i
Tk
uk i

fk u + f u da +
a
ij

(
)
= i uk gkj j uk gki

1
2

(B.6.81)

T ij ij = 0 (in a)

(B.6.82)

[
]
1
i
Di uk da +
w = Tk
T ij ij da +
fk uk + f u da +
Fk uk dl = 0 (B.6.83)
2 a
a
a
a

1
1
gij + ij
2
2

Di uk gkj =

(B.6.84)

(
)
gij = i uk gkj + j uk gki

(B.6.85)

gij ij gij
(B.6.84)

T ij gij da + mk k da + fk uk + f u da +
Fk uk dl = 0
2 a
a
a
a

[
]
fk uk + f u da +

Fk uk dl =

1
2

T ij gij da

(B.6.87)

[
]
k

We =
fk u + f u da +
Fk uk dl
a

(B.6.86)

(B.6.88)

1
Wi =
2

T ij gij da

(B.6.89)

w = 0 We = Wi

(B.6.90)