Here's a CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Question Paper (70 marks) as per your instructions, covering:

Solutions – 18 marks

Electrochemistry – 18 marks

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers – 18 marks

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes – 16 marks

Includes a mix of NCERT book-back questions and previous year questions (PYQs).

Paper Pattern follows CBSE guidelines: Sections A to E.

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Class 12 Chemistry – Question Paper (CBSE Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours

Maximum Marks: 70

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General Instructions:

All questions are compulsory.

Questions 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each.

Questions 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each.

Questions 11 to 22 are of 3 marks each.

Questions 23 to 26 are of 5 marks each.

Use log tables if necessary.

Use of calculator is not permitted.

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Section A – 1 Mark Questions (1×5 = 5 Marks)

(Any 4 questions)

1. What is the value of Van’t Hoff factor (i) for Na₂SO₄ in aqueous solution? (NCERT)

2. Write the IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₃. (NCERT)

3. Name the alcohol that is commonly known as wood spirit. (NCERT)

4. What is the unit of molar conductivity? (PYQ)

5. Write the structure of 2-methoxypropane. (NCERT)

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Section B – 2 Mark Questions (2×5 = 10 Marks)

(Any 5 questions)

6. Define molality and write its unit. (NCERT)

7. Explain why haloalkanes are more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution than haloarenes.
(PYQ)

8. State Kohlrausch’s law and give one application. (PYQ)

9. Write a chemical test to distinguish between phenol and ethanol. (PYQ)

10. Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to form ethanol in acidic medium. (NCERT)

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Section C – 3 Mark Questions (3×12 = 36 Marks)

(Any 12 questions)

11. A 0.1 molal solution of KCl freezes at –0.372°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation of the salt.
(Kf = 1.86 K kg mol⁻¹) (PYQ)

12. Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solutions. Give one example of each. (NCERT)

13. Explain the effect of temperature on molar conductivity of an electrolyte. (PYQ)

14. Derive the relation between ∆G° and emf of a cell. (NCERT)

15. Explain the following reactions:

(a) Kolbe's reaction

(b) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (PYQ)

16. Explain why the boiling point of alcohol is higher than that of hydrocarbons of comparable
molecular mass. (NCERT)
17. Write equations for the following:

(a) Acidic dehydration of ethanol

(b) Formation of diethyl ether

(c) Oxidation of primary alcohol with PCC (PYQ)

18. Write the products:

(a) C₂H₅OH + HBr → ?

(b) C₆H₅OH + CH₃COCl → ?

(c) C₂H₅OH + PCl₅ → ? (NCERT)

19. Explain the electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol with bromine and nitric acid. (PYQ)

20. Explain the difference between SN1 and SN2 mechanisms with suitable examples. (PYQ)

21. Write IUPAC names and classify the following as primary, secondary or tertiary halides:

(a) (CH₃)₂CHCl

(b) CH₃CH₂CH₂Br

(c) (CH₃)₃CCl (NCERT)

22. Give reasons:

(a) Phenol is more acidic than alcohol.

(b) Alcohols are soluble in water but haloalkanes are not.

(c) Alkyl halides react with aqueous KOH to form alcohol. (PYQ)

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Section D – 5 Mark Questions (5×4 = 20 Marks)

(Any 4 questions)

23. (a) Define osmosis and osmotic pressure. Derive the relation between osmotic pressure and
molar mass.

(b) A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of non-volatile solute in 100 g of water. The solution
boils at 100.15°C. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg/mol) (PYQ +
NCERT)

24. (a) State and explain Raoult’s law for a solution of volatile liquids.
 (b) Prove that ∆P = X₂P₁° for a binary solution.

(c) A solution contains 30% chloroform and 70% acetone by volume. Calculate total vapour
pressure if P°(chloroform) = 200 mm Hg and P°(acetone) = 250 mm Hg. (NCERT + HOTS)

25. (a) Derive Nernst equation for single electrode potential.

(b) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298 K:

Zn|Zn²⁺(0.01 M)||Cu²⁺(1.0 M)|Cu (Given: E°Zn²⁺/Zn = –0.76 V, E°Cu²⁺/Cu = +0.34 V) (PYQ)

26. (a) Describe the preparation of haloalkanes from:

(i) alcohol

(ii) alkanes

(iii) halogen exchange method

(b) Write the structure and name the major product of the following reaction:

C₂H₅Br + alcoholic KOH → ? (NCERT)

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✅ Let me know if you want the paper as a downloadable Word or PDF file or if you'd like a marking
scheme / solution key added.

Section A – 1 Mark Each (Any 4 × 1 = 4 Marks)

Q.No Answer Marks

1 i = 3 (Na₂SO₄ dissociates into 2Na⁺ + SO₄²⁻) 1

2 2-Bromobutane 1

3 Methanol 1
4 S·cm²·mol⁻¹ or Ω⁻¹·cm²·mol⁻¹ 1

5 CH₃–CH(OCH₃)–CH₃ 1

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Section B – 2 Mark Each (Any 5 × 2 = 10 Marks)

Q.No Key Points Marks

6 Molality = moles of solute/kg solvent; Unit = mol kg⁻¹ 1+1

7 Haloalkanes: sp³ C–X, easier to break; Haloarenes: sp² C–X, resonance makes bond stronger
1+1

8 Statement of Kohlrausch's Law; Application (e.g., calculating molar conductivity at infinite

dilution) 1+1

9 Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl₃, ethanol does not 2

10 Mechanism: protonation → carbocation → nucleophilic attack → ethanol Steps

clearly explained

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Section C – 3 Mark Each (Any 12 × 3 = 36 Marks)

Q.No Key Points Marks

11 ∆Tf = iKfm; i = observed ∆Tf / theoretical ∆Tf; α = (i–1)/2 Steps = 1 + 1 + 1

12 Ideal: obeys Raoult’s law (e.g. benzene-toluene); Non-ideal: shows deviation (e.g. ethanol–
acetone) 1.5 + 1.5

13 With ↑T, Λm ↑ due to ↑ionic mobility; explanation with graph if possible 3

14 ∆G° = –nFE°cell; derived from thermodynamic relation ∆G = –nFE Stepwise derivation

15 Kolbe: sodium phenoxide + CO₂ → salicylic acid; Reimer-Tiemann: phenol + CHCl₃ + NaOH →
salicylaldehyde 1.5 + 1.5

16 H-bonding in alcohols; hydrocarbons have weak Van der Waals forces 3

17 (a) CH₃CH₂OH → CH₂=CH₂ (with conc. H₂SO₄)

(b) CH₃CH₂OH + CH₃CH₂OH → (C₂H₅)₂O

(c) CH₃CH₂OH + PCC → CH₃CHO 1 each

18 (a) C₂H₅OH + HBr → C₂H₅Br

(b) Phenyl acetate

(c) C₂H₅Cl + POCl₃ + HCl 1 each

19 Br₂ + phenol: tribromophenol; HNO₃: ortho & para nitrophenols 1.5 + 1.5

20 SN1: tertiary halide, 2-step via carbocation; SN2: primary halide, 1-step backside attack
Explanation + example

21 IUPAC + classification:

(a) 2-chloropropane – secondary

(b) 1-bromopropane – primary

(c) 2-chloro-2-methylpropane – tertiary 1 each

22 (a) Phenol ion stabilised by resonance

(b) Alcohol: H-bonding; haloalkane: no H-bond

(c) Nucleophilic substitution 1 each

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Section D – 5 Mark Each (Any 4 × 5 = 20 Marks)

Q.No Key Points Marks

23 (a) Osmosis: flow of solvent; Π = CRT = nRT/V; M = wRT/ΠV 3

(b) ∆Tb = Kb × m; find moles → M = w/n 2

| 24 | (a) Raoult’s law: PA = XA·P°A, PB = XB·P°B | 2 |

| | (b) ∆P = X₂P₁°, derivation | 1 |

| | (c) Total pressure = XA·P°A + XB·P°B | 2 |

| 25 | (a) Nernst equation derivation:

E = E° – (0.0591/n) log [Red]/[Ox] | 3 |

| | (b) Apply to Zn–Cu cell, calculate Ecell using log values | 2 |

| 26 | (a) Methods:

(i) R–OH + HX → R–X

(ii) Alkane + Cl₂ → R–Cl

(iii) Finkelstein / Swarts reaction | 3 |

| | (b) Elimination (β-elimination): CH₂=CH₂ + KBr + H₂O | 2 |

MCQ Answer Key

Q.No Answer Explanation

1 c) 3 K₂SO₄ → 2K⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → i = 3

2 c) n-Propanol Boiling point increases with molecular mass due to H-bonding

3 d) Ethylene glycol Used in antifreeze due to low freezing point

4 c) (CH₃)₃CCl Forms stable 3° carbocation → favors SN1

5 b) Acetone + CCl₄ Shows non-ideal behavior (dipole-induced dipole interactions)

6 c) Phenol Forms violet complex with FeCl₃

7 b) Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu Spontaneous redox in Daniell cell

8 b) NaOH, H₂, Cl₂Electrolysis products of brine

9 c) It is a weak electrolyte Acetic acid partially ionizes

10 a) Salicylaldehyde Reimer-Tiemann reaction

11 c) C₆H₅Cl Resonance stabilizes C–Cl bond in haloarene

12 a) Molality ∆Tf = Kf × molality

13 b) HCl H⁺ has highest ionic mobility

14 a) Methoxyethane IUPAC: shorter chain = alkoxy prefix

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✅ Assertion and Reasoning Answer Key

Q.No Answer Explanation

1 a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. Resonance in phenoxide ion
stabilizes negative charge, making phenol more acidic.

2 c) A is true, but R is false. Molar conductivity increases due to ↓ interionic attraction,

not because of more ions.