CARABOBO UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MAINTENANCE OF COMPACT EQUIPMENT

Agree on who will make the cover, because everyone is bothering me.
sending covers.

Members:
Arévalo Sabino
Burgos Carlos
Colmenares Luis
Andrés Farías

July 2015
MOST COMMONLY USED EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYING OUT MAINTENANCE
QUOTATION

Ammeter or voltage meter for current verification.

Figure 1. Clamp Type Ammeter.

no bold and it should be size 11 or 10

Toolbox with all the necessary tools (set of keys,

screwdriver, pliers, clamp, adjustable pliers, set of allen keys, etc.)

Figure 2. Toolbox. (Saphire Motors, 2009).

Double valve manometer set.

Figure 3. Double valve manometer. (EuroFrio, 2012).

Hidro-Jet with its corresponding hose for washing covers, grates, filters of
airs, etc.
 Figure 4. Hydro-Jet model Tip Car. (FerreHome, 2013).

Cloth or rag, liquid soap, and brush to clean and dry hard-to-reach corners.

Figure 5. Cleaning spray, brush, and soapy water.

• Acid cleaner, this is used when the dirt is very adhered to the equipment so
the liquid soap is not enough.

Figure 6. Alfa Clean evaporator and condenser cleaning acid.

Modify format and margins
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

It is intended for the maintenance of equipment or facilities through the execution of

review and repair that ensure its good functioning and reliability. The
preventive maintenance is performed on equipment that is in working condition, by
opposition to corrective maintenance that repairs or puts in operating condition
those that have stopped working or are damaged.

Implementation: Once the equipment is installed and the normal conditions are verified
operation, any variation in these can be an indication of the onset of a condition
of failure. The earlier an operating condition that does not respond is detected,
normal operation, it is more likely to make a lower cost repair and less
invasive, that does not require extracting the equipment. Therefore, (PUEBLA, 2007) recommends:

• Periodically clean the condenser (and in general the entire compartment where it is located)
Locate the compressor and its accessories.

• Observe that the compressor starts and stops at regular intervals of a certain duration and does not
in short intervals (symptom of operation due to the protector not functioning).

• Check that the conservation or freezing temperature is achieved with the thermostat.
control placed in intermediate positions (never at the upper or lower extreme).

Another aspect of regular equipment maintenance is checking the coolant, as a lack of it

it can cause failures in the compressor and even cause it to stop working.

Remove the ice attached to the walls of the evaporator without using sharp objects.
piercing in case of being frozen.

Different failures that a team may present if not complying with a

preventive maintenance and how to solve them:

All refrigeration equipment requires preventive maintenance and those

installed in external environments, due to being directly exposed to condensation or
climatic rigors, are very susceptible to damage. The lifespan will depend on care and
maintenance applied to each component of the system.

The most common faults according to (TRICOMI, 1998):

The condenser unit has stopped functioning:

 This usually happens due to the accumulation of dust in the condenser, which is its
it causes an overload for the compressor which stops by thermostat or in the
In the worst case, it stops working.

The fan motor stops working:

This occurs due to the thermostat failure from not cleaning it properly, for
broken wires due to poor maintenance or inadequate lubrication of it
it comes a time when the fan motor stops working.

The evaporator unit does not cool or its performance decreases:

This is due to dirty filters as a result of the lack of maintenance, dis-

thermostat configuration due to poor maintenance, refrigerant loss due to not
check of the same, and obstacles in the airflow due to the lack of cleaning of it.

Table 1. Recommendations.
FREQUENCY
ITEM Service description
M T S A
1 Perform the general inspection of the equipment X
2 Check the electrical installation X
3 Measure the voltage and the current X
Check the opening of all the
4 X
terminals
Check the obstructions of the
5
capacitor
Check the operation of the
6 X
accessories
7 Check the oil level of the compressor
Check for the existence of noises and
8
vibrations
9 Check the cleanliness of the equipment
What about the pressure and the temperature of
10 X
compressor
11 Check and regulate the thermal relays X
12 Carry out the cleaning in the condenser X
13 Check acidity and change the oil X
14 General revision of the compressor X
M - Monthly T - Quarterly S - Semester
A - Annual
 Table 2. Analysis for faults due to preventive maintenance.
CAUSE
OBSERVATION CORRECTIVE MEASURE
PROBABLE
Suction air to Check if the capacity of the
very condenser the capacitor is sufficient for
hot ambient temperature
Panel of
Remove obstructions. Clean the
Discharge pressure capacitor
panel.
elevated on the side obstructed
discharged. GNC in the
Thumb the system
refrigeration
Valve of
retention Change the component
ambushed
Overload of Extract the excess with a team of
cooling recovery
Fan of the
capacitor no Confirm if it is getting power
works
Discharge pressure Suction air very Check if the capacity of
down cold capacitor works
Valves of the
compressor Perform major maintenance
damaged
Suction pressure Insufficient load Inspect leaks in the system,
cooling failure correct, add refrigerant

Table 3. Analysis for defects due to preventive maintenance.

OBSERVATION PROBABLE CAUSE Corrective Measure
Pressure of About load of Extract the excess with a team
low suction soda of refrigeration
Insufficient load of Inspect leaks in the system,
correct refrigerant, add refrigerant
It doesn't cool or the Insufficient load of Inspect leaks in the system,
hot dirty air soda correct, add refrigerant
Thermostat out of
Place and position correctly
position
thermostat
Replace the thermostat
defective
Damaged compressor Review electrical circuit, Review
 compressor
Defrost and clean filter or flow
Frozen evaporator
of air
Compressor Check heating and
Return of liquid
noisy correct
Lubrication failure Hermetic compressor: replace
loose components Hermetic compressor: replace
Pressure switches
Verify causes, correct them
driven
Does not receive energy Check electrical circuit
Contactor of
compressor does not receive Check for signal presence of the
control
signal

These tables should be passed by hand, either it's an image or it's a table.

PREVIOUS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

By vignettes
During work activities, the equipment operator or service technician must remember
some safety rules:

The installation and maintenance of the equipment must be carried out by trained personnel.
or who are familiar with this type of equipment.

Ensure that all electrical installation is based on the requirements and standards.
of the team.

Check that the power supply of the equipment is disconnected before performing any
maintenance.

Always work with the appropriate tools to perform maintenance while avoiding
leave them in places where they may pose potential risks.

Before carrying out work that involves the need to disassemble any equipment, check
that there are no obstacles that could damage this, or the cooling pipe.

STEPS TO PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Data collection or preliminary diagnosis:

This work is basically carried out by performing a diagnosis on the equipment where
check their components and verify their proper functioning, locating
possible causes of future problems.
Electric current:

The outlet is checked and the voltage measurement on the equipment is taken using a
ammeter checking its stable operation, after this, it proceeds to
disconnect the power on the equipment or cut its supply. (Always check that the
this device was turned off before this.

Remove service covers:

To carry out this part of the maintenance, it is advisable to disassemble the equipment for
greater versatility of this execution, then smoothly and simply with a
Screwdriver or wrench depending on the type of air conditioning, proceed to disassemble.

Remove and wash filters:

After removing the service covers, proceed to remove the air filters, it is necessary to have
be very careful not to break or release internal cables while carrying out this process, after
This is done to wash each of the filters of the equipment by applying moderate pressure.
of water, also proceeding to gently rub with a brush to remove any
residue, thus achieving maximum cleanliness. As shown in Figure 10.

Washing of the equipment:

For washing the equipment, an adequate pressure of the hydro-jet will be implemented.
care not to wet electrical components, especially the fan motor (if this is the case)
discovered). The cleaning of the evaporator coil and the condenser will be done with great
carefully moving it from its base if necessary, always implementing the hydro-jet
frontal form to the grilles of these coils to avoid bending them, going through every corner
of these. After this, proceed to use the liquid soap (or acid if necessary) to
to achieve a better result in cleaning, after this we apply a wash again
careful with the hydro-jet removing in this way any residue of soap or acid that
it could corrode the equipment while removing any trace of dust and dirt.

Tray washing:

The cleaning of the tray or drainage will be done gently and carefully so as not to break any of
applying little pressure with the hydro-jet to its parts, and if necessary, it will be gently passed over
the brush to remove any dirt material that may obstruct the flow of water.

Engine cleaning:

As mentioned before, care must be taken to ensure that the engine is uncovered.
since if that were the case, it should not be directly exposed to water because this would be fatal for it
motor, so only a review will be carried out and if necessary, it will be lubricated.

Engine lubrication:

After washing the equipment, each of the vanes of the blades is cleaned.
to the fan and to the turbine, to provide better rotation of the engine, also applying it
a moderate amount of grease to the bushing or bearing.

Assembly of the equipment:

For this part, it is recommended that the equipment parts are dry; otherwise, it will be
gently pass a cloth or rag leaving it in assembly conditions. After this,
it adds coils, filters, motor, service caps among others, using smoothly
a screwdriver or wrench depending on the equipment. Leaving it in optimal conditions.
for its operation.

Procedure for Refrigerant Charging:

Remove the plugs from the service connections, both at the compressor valves.
like in the cylinder.

Connect the hoses at the low points of the system and the central hose to the
soda bottle.

Create a vacuum and close the pressure gauge valves clockwise.

• Check the working pressures and start the equipment (in case there is)
detained status.

• Turn the manometer valves halfway clockwise, (which opens

partially and connect the system to the refrigerant cylinder.

Be prepared to turn off the equipment in case any condition indicates it.
failure or any leak in the service connections made.

• At the end of the measurement, close the manometer valves and proceed to remove it.

Procedure for disconnection:

• Make sure that the manometer valves are closed as well as those of the system and
then proceed to disconnect the central hose of the pressure gauge connected to the cylinder.

Now open both valves (high and low) on the pressure gauge to release any pressure.
that could have accumulated.

Disconnect the low-pressure hose from the pressure gauge connected to the system, and put it back in place.
the valve cap.

Tighten the service valve cap with appropriate pressure.

Check that there are no leaks in the valves and that the plugs are secure.
adjusted

Table 6. Preventive maintenance.

Description of Frequency Tool Observe
maintenance cia ta coin
Ammeter
Electric Current Every 4 M or
Unscrewed
Remove service covers Every 6 M or
Destora/This
Remove and wash filters Every 1 M I steal
Equipment washing Each 4 M HydroJet
Tray washing Every 4 M HydroJet
Engine cleaning Every 6 M Brush/Cloth
7 Engine lubrication Every 6 M Fat
Manom/Refr
Refrigerant charge ig
M Monthly

STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT

Identify these images correctly.