ANGLES

1. When you know two angles and the side between them, this is known as ASA.

Step 1: Draw
the side.
Draw an angle
at one end.

Step 2: Draw
the angle at the
other end.
Where the two
lines cross is the
third vertex of
the triangle.

2. When you know two sides and the angle between them, this is known as SAS.
 Step 1: Draw the
angle first.

Step 2: Open
your compasses
to 12 cm. Put the
point of the
compasses on A
and draw an arc
to mark B. Mark C
in a similar way.
Draw the side BC.

3. When you know the three sides but no angles, this is known as SSS.

Step 1: Draw one side.

Open your compasses to
the length of a second
side.
Put the point of the
compasses on one end of
the side and draw
an arc.
Step 2: Open your
compasses to the length
of a second side.
Put the point of the
compasses on the other
end of the side and draw
another arc. Where the
arcs cross is the third
vertex. Draw the other
two sides.

4. When one angle is a right angle, and you know the length of
the hypotenuse and one other side, this is known as RHS.

Step 1: Draw
the side.
Draw a right
angle at one end.

Step 2: At the
other end, draw
an arc equal to
the hypotenuse.
Draw the third
side.

The hypotenuse is the side opposite the right angle.

1. Construct the bisector of a line segment.
This is a line through the mid-point of the line segment and perpendicular to
it.

Step 1: Draw the line segment. Open the compasses

to about the same length as the line. (You do not
need to measure this exactly.) Draw arcs from one
end of the line on both sides of the line.

Step 2: Do the same thing at the other end of the

line segment.
Do not change the angle between the arms of the
compasses.

2. Construct the bisector of an angle.

This is a line that divides an angle into two equal parts.
 Step 1: Open the compasses to a few centimetres.
You do not need to measure this.
Put the point of the compasses on the angle and
draw arcs that cross each of the lines.

Step 2: Put the compass point on each of the

crosses and draw an arc between the two lines.
Do not change the angle between the arms of the
compasses. Draw a line through the angle and the
last cross. This is the perpendicular bisector of the
angle. The two angles marked are equal.

FRACTIONS
Unit 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/7 1/8 1/9 1/10 1/11 1/12
Fraction
Decimal 0.5 0.3… 0.25 0.2 0.16… 0.14285… 0.12 0.1… 0.1 0.09… 0.083…
5
Terminating T R T T R R T R T R R
(T) or
Recurring
(R)

Multiplying Fraction
Dividing Fraction

3/4 ÷ 7/8
= 3/4 x 8/7 (Reciprocal for only 2nd fraction)
= 24/28 = 6/7

SHAPES
Name of regular Number of Number of lines of Order of rotational
polygon sides symmetry symmetry

Pentagon 5 5 5

Hexagon 6 6 6

Heptagon 7 7 7

Octagon 8 8 8

Nonagon 9 9 9

Decagon 10 10 10

Circumference of Circles
Formulas: 1) Circumference/Perimeter = π x diameter
2) Radius = diameter x 2
3) Perimeter of Semi-Circle = πd/2
4) Perimeter of Quarter-Circle = πd/4

1) P= πd/2 P= 11.30/2 2) P= πd/2 P= 11.30/2

P= π x 3.6 / 2 P=5.65 P=π x 3.6/2 P= 5.65
Total perimeter = 5.65+5.65+4.5+4.5 = 20.3

3D SHAPES
 Number of Number of Number of
3D shape
faces vertices edges

cube 6 8 12

cuboid 6 8 12

tetrahedron 4 4 6

square-based
5 5 8
pyramid

triangular prism 5 6 9

trapezoidal prism 6 8 12

SEQUENCES
1) TTR- difference between each no. in the sequence.
2) Formula- Increasing Sequence
TTRn (n position no.)
1st term – TTR
Test with both - & +
Eg sequence 3,5,7 3-2(TTR)/2-3
TTR= +2 = +1 / -1
2n = 2n+1
3) Decreasing Sequences – Find TTR
Convert into – TTRn (if TTR is positive)
Add + TTR to 1 st Term
Eg sequence 18,15,12,9
TTR = -3 18+3(TTR) = 21-3n
-3n = 21

PERCENTAGES
Increase & Decrease

A library has 2800 books. Find the number of books if it

 a. increases by 84%
b. decreases by 37%
Answer
a. 84% = 0.84
84% of 2800 = 0.84 × 2800 = 2352
There are 2352 more books, so the
total is 2800 + 2352 = 5152
b. 37% = 0.37
37% of 2800 = 0.37 × 2800 = 1036
There are 1036 fewer books, so the
total is 2800 − 1036 = 1764.

Multiplier
In this section, you will learn a more efficient
way to calculate percentage increases and
decreases.
Suppose you want to increase $275 by 65%.
You start with $275 = 100%
Then 65% of $275 = $178.75 and the total is
$453.75.
100% + 65% = 165%
You can find 165% of $275 in a single
calculation.
165% = 1.65 and so 165% of $275 = 1.65 ×
$275 = $453.75
This is the value after the increase of 65%.
To increase the value by 65% you used
a multiplier of 1.65.
Now suppose you want to decrease $275 by
54%.
Again $275 = 100%
So $275 − 54% = 100% − 54% = 46%
46% = 0.46 and so 46% of $275 = 0.46 × $275
= $126.50
This is the value after a decrease of 54%.
To decrease the value by 54% you used a
multiplier of 0.46.
In general, original value × multiplier = new
value
You can also write this as multiplier = NEW
VALUE/ OG VALUE

The cost of a flight is $2300

Calculate the percentage change if
a. the cost is increased to $2850
b. the cost is reduced to $1690
Answer
 a. The multiplier for the increase
is 28502300=1.23928502300=1.239 to 3 The original value is always the
d.p. denominator of the fraction.
1.239 = 123.9% so the percentage
increase is 23.9%
b. The multiplier for the decrease
is 16902300=0.73516902300=0.735 to 3
d.p.
0.735 = 73.5% so the percentage
decrease is 100% − 73.5% = 26.5%

RATIOS
10mm = 1cm
100cm = 1m
1000g = 1kg
1000kg = 1ton
1000ml = 1L

Every year, on his birthday, David shares $300 among his children in the ratio of
their ages.
This year the children are aged 4, 9, and 11.
Show that, in two years' time, the oldest child will receive $7.50 less than he
receives this year.

This year: 4 + 9 + 11 = 24, 300 ÷ 24 = 12.5, oldest child gets 11 × 12.5 = $137.50
In two years’, time: 6 + 11 + 13 = 30, 300 ÷ 30 = 10, oldest child gets 13 × 10 = $130
$137.50 − $130 = $7.50

Angelica mixes a fruit drink using mango juice and orange juice in the ratio 3 :
[Link] mixes a fruit drink using mango juice and orange juice in the ratio 5 : 11.

(1) What fraction of each fruit drink is orange juice? (2) Whose fruit drink,
Angelica’s or Sanjay’s, has the higher proportion of orange juice?
1) Angelica – 3 + 5 = 8
orange juice = 5/8
Sanjay – 5 + 11 = 16
orange juice = 11/16
2) (Make denominators same cross multiply)
Ang = 5/8 x 16 = 80/128
Sanjay = 11/16 x 8 = 88/128

Sanjay has more orange juice.