Laws of Indices Standard Index Form

a b a b
y y  y
a b
y y  y
a b
y 1
0 To write in SIF, put the point after the first significant
number (the first non-zero number):
1
( y a ) b  y ab y n  n 4538 = 4.538 × 103 0.0006 = 6 × 10−4
y
Straight Line Geometry
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦
Gradient =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Or from a diagram, count the units up/down, for every 1
square across to the right

Midpoint = add the x-coordinates and divide by 2

add the y-coordinates and divide by 2

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (m is gradient, c is y-intercept)

Estimating Mean from a table Pythagoras’ Theorem – for right-angled triangles

Intervals Frequency Midpoint x F Square, add and square-root for the longest side
Sum of this Sum of this Square, subtract and square-root for a shorter side
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 (𝑚𝑖𝑑×𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞)
Mean = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞 Basic Trigonometry – for right-angled triangles only
*if there are no intervals, just multiply the numbers by 𝑂𝑝𝑝
SOH sin 𝜃 | 𝐻𝑦𝑝 *press shift to find angles*
the frequency
Parts of a circle
𝐴𝑑𝑗
Area of a circle is 𝜋𝑟 2 CAH cos 𝜃 | 𝐻𝑦𝑝
𝜃
*for sectors ×
360
𝑂𝑝𝑝
Circumference is 𝜋𝑑 TOA
𝜃 tan 𝜃 | 𝐴𝑑𝑗
*for arcs × 360
Trig Exact Values
√𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 √1 1
sin 𝜃 = e.g. sin 30° = =
2 2 2
𝐷 √𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 √0 0
Speed is distance÷time 𝑆| 𝑇 cos 𝜃 =
2
e.g. cos 90° =
2
= =0
2
𝑀 √𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 √2
tan 𝜃 = e.g. tan 45° = =1
Density is mass÷volume 𝐷| 𝑉
√𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 √2

Angle Facts Upper Bounds & Lower Bounds

Sum of interior angles in polygon = (𝑛 − 2) × 180 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑠 = ± ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜
360
One exterior angle of a regular polygon = 𝑛
Error interval for:
(Z-angles) Alternate angles are equal
200 (𝑥 rounded to 1 s.f.) 150 ≤ 𝑥 < 250 (±50)
(F-angles) Corresponding angles are equal
23.1 (𝑦 rounded to 1 d.p) 23.05 ≤ 𝑦 < 23.15 (±0.05)
(C-angles) Co-interior angles add to 180
Venn Diagrams Converting Units 1 Litre = 1000 cm3

A∪B A∩B B′
A or B A and B not B 1m3 = (100 cm)3 = 1000000 cm3
Union Intersection Complement
Simultaneous Equations 1. Multiply to get one of the letters to match
3x – 2y = –5 (× 2) 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −10 2. Add or minus the two equations to eliminate the
2x – 4y = 2 (× 3) 6𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 6 matching letters
Minus to eliminate 𝑥: 8𝑦 = −16 so 𝑦 = −2 3. Find the remaining letter (this is the first solution)
Subtitute 𝑦 into 2x – 4y = 2 → 2𝑥 − 4(−2) = 2 4. Substitute this into the smallest equation
So 2𝑥 + 8 = 2 → 𝑥 = −3 5. Find the second letter (now you’re done)
Constructions Common loci
Perpendicular Bisector Angle Bisector Equidistant between two points = connect them with a
line and construct the perpendicular bisector
Equidistant between two lines = angle bisector
Within 5m of point A = circle of radius 5m
Within 5m of a rectangle = draw circles of radius 5m
from each corner and make a rounded rectangle

Congruent triangles have the same SSS, SAS, SAA, RHS

Congruent = identical (same sides, same angles)
Similar shapes are enlargements of each other
* to construct from a point, start with compass on that (different sides, same angles)
point and mark onto the line first.

Percentages The Nth Term

The multiplier always goes with the change e.g. 3,7,11, … goes up in 4 so is related to 4𝑛,
Increase = higher multiplier (interest) comparing the 4 times table, it is one less so 4𝑛 − 1
Decrease = lower multiplier (depreciation) Geometric sequence (e.g. 2,3,18,54,…)
New price = original × multiplier times/divide by the common ratio to get the next term
(Reverse) Original = new ÷ multiplier Fibonacci sequence (e.g. 1,1,2,3,5,8, …)
Compound interest add last two numbers to get the next term
New amount = original × 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 HCF and LCM
Simple interest HCF = common prime factors
Work out the % and add it on for each year LCM = HCF × leftovers
Prime numbers = 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29, …
Percentage profit
Division and Multiplication
Profit = Revenue (from sales) – Costs (of buying goods)
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 0.8 × 0.12 = 0.096 (3 decimal places in total)
% Profit = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠
× 100 0.8 × 100 80 ÷ 4 10 1
= = =3
0.12 × 100 12 ÷ 4 3 3
Quadratics Inequalities
To factorise, check the sum-product 𝑥>2
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 sum = -5 and product = 6
𝑥≥2
−3 × −2 = 6 and −3 + −2 = −5
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2)
To solve 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0, use the inverse of each 0≤𝑥<4
number in the bracket, so 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = 2 (two solutions)
Transformations of shapes
The difference of two squares Rotation from a point, 90° (anti)clockwise or 180°
𝑥 2 − 64 = (𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 − 8) Reflection through a line *look out for 𝑦 = 𝑥 or 𝑦 = −𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)(2𝑥 − 3𝑦) Translation through a vector ( )
𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Enlargement from a point, by a scale factor
* if fraction: shape gets smaller
Stratified Sampling 4 5×3+4 19
Fractions Make improper first 3 5 = 5 = 5
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
Sample = × 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 Add/subtract – make the denominators the same
𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Pie Charts Multiply – go across and just do it
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
Angles = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 360° Divide – keep change flip