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Culture Documents
Mathematical Symbols
Basic math symbols
Geometry symbols
Algebra symbols
Probability & statistics symbols
Set theory symbols
Logic symbols
Calculus & analysis symbols
Number symbols
Greek symbols
Roman numerals
Geometry symbols
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
∠ angle formed by two rays ∠ABC = 30º
measured angle ABC = 30º
spherical angle AOB = 30º
∟ right angle = 90º α = 90º
º degree 1 turn = 360º α = 60º
´ arcminute 1º = 60´ α = 60º59'
´´ arcsecond 1´ = 60´´ α = 60º59'59''
Algebra symbols
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
x x variable unknown value to find when 2x = 4, then x = 2
≡ equivalence identical to
≜ equal by definition equal by definition
Combinatorics Symbols
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example
n! factorial n! = 1·2·3·...·n 5! = 1·2·3·4·5 = 120
nPk permutation 5P3 = 5! / (5-3)! = 60
n Ck
A⊄B not subset left set not a subset of right set {9,66} ⊄
{9,14,28}
set A has more elements or {9,14,28} ⊇
A⊇B superset
equal to the set B {9,14,28}
proper superset / strict set A has more elements than {9,14,28} ⊃
A⊃B superset set B {9,14}
{9,14,28} ⊅
A⊅B not superset set A is not a superset of set B
{9,66}
2A power set all subsets of A
power set all subsets of A
A={3,9,14},
both sets have the same
A=B equality B={3,9,14},
members
A=B
all the objects that do not
Ac complement
belong to set A
objects that belong to A and not A = {3,9,14},
A\B relative complement
to B B = {1,2,3},
A-B = {9,14}
A = {3,9,14},
objects that belong to A and not
A-B relative complement B = {1,2,3},
to B
A-B = {9,14}
A = {3,9,14},
objects that belong to A or B B = {1,2,3},
A∆B symmetric difference
but not to their intersection A∆B=
{1,2,9,14}
A = {3,9,14},
objects that belong to A or B B = {1,2,3},
A⊖B symmetric difference
but not to their intersection A⊖B=
{1,2,9,14}
∃ there exists
∴ therefore
∵ because / since
derivative by time -
time derivative
Newton's notation
time second
derivative of derivative
derivative
derivative - Euler's
Dx y derivative
notation
Dx2 y second derivative derivative of derivative
vector
unit vector
x*y convolution y(t) = x(t) * h(t)
Laplace transform F(s) = {f (t)}
Fourier transform X(ω) = {f (t)}
δ delta function
∞ lemniscate infinity symbol
Numeral symbols
Name European Roman Hindu Arabic Hebrew
zero 0 ٠
one 1 I ١ א
two 2 II ٢ ב
three 3 III ٣ ג
four 4 IV ٤ ד
five 5 V ٥ ה
six 6 VI ٦ ו
seven 7 VII ٧ ז
eight 8 VIII ٨ ח
nine 9 IX ٩ ט
ten 10 X ١٠ י
eleven 11 XI ١١ יא
twelve 12 XII ١٢ יב
thirteen 13 XIII ١٣ יג
fourteen 14 XIV ١٤ יד
fifteen 15 XV ١٥ טו
sixteen 16 XVI ١٦ טז
seventeen 17 XVII ١٧ יז
eighteen 18 XVIII ١٨ יח
nineteen 19 XIX ١٩ יט
twenty 20 XX ٢٠ כ
thirty 30 XXX ٣٠ ל
fourty 40 XL ٤٠ מ
fifty 50 L ٥٠ נ
sixty 60 LX ٦٠ ס
seventy 70 LXX ٧٠ ע
eighty 80 LXXX ٨٠ פ
ninety 90 XC ٩٠ צ
one hundred 100 C ١٠٠ ק
Greek alphabet letters
Greek Symbol
Greek Letter Name English Equivalent Pronunciation
Upper Case Lower Case
Α α Alpha a al-fa
Β β Beta b be-ta
Γ γ Gamma g ga-ma
Γ δ Delta d del-ta
Δ ε Epsilon e ep-si-lon
Ε δ Zeta z ze-ta
Ζ ε Eta h eh-ta
Θ ζ Theta th te-ta
Η η Iota i io-ta
Κ θ Kappa k ka-pa
Λ ι Lambda l lam-da
Μ κ Mu m m-yoo
Ν λ Nu n noo
Ξ μ Xi x x-ee
Ο ν Omicron o o-mee-c-ron
Π π Pi p pa-yee
Ρ ξ Rho r row
ζ Sigma s sig-ma
Σ η Tau t ta-oo
Τ υ Upsilon u oo-psi-lon
Φ θ Phi ph f-ee
Υ χ Chi ch kh-ee
Φ ψ Psi ps p-see
Χ ω Omega o o-me-ga
Roman numerals
Number Roman numeral
0 not defined
1 I
2 II
3 III
4 IV
5 V
6 VI
7 VII
8 VIII
9 IX
10 X
11 XI
12 XII
13 XIII
14 XIV
15 XV
16 XVI
17 XVII
18 XVIII
19 XIX
20 XX
30 XXX
40 XL
50 L
60 LX
70 LXX
80 LXXX
90 XC
100 C
200 CC
300 CCC
400 CD
500 D
600 DC
700 DCC
800 DCCC
900 CM
1000 M
5000 V
10000 X
50000 L
100000 C
500000 D
1000000 M