Secondary 4 Express / Normal Academic Mathematics Notes

Numbers

Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…

Even Numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12…

Odd Numbers: 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, …

Prime Numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97,

Rational Numbers: numbers that can express as a fraction or decimal

Irrational Numbers: √ 2 , √ 3 , π

Prefect Squares:

12 = 1 22 = 4 32 = 9 42 = 16 52 = 25 62 = 36 72 = 49 82 = 64 92 = 81

Prefect Cubes

13 = 1 23 = 8 33 = 27 43 = 6453 53 = 125

Decimals

Therminating decimal: A decimal containing a finite of digits.

Recurring decimal: A decimal that contains on or more digits that are repeated infinitely.

1
Eg. =0.555555 … ..=0.5
5

Prime factors: the factors of a number that is prime number.

Ex. Prime factors of 6 are 2 and 3

Prime factorization: This means that you express the numbers in the form of prime factors
Ex. 60=22 × 3× 5

Highest Common Factor

Example: Find the highest common factor of 253 and 336

Divide the both numbers by the prime numbers, 2,3,5,7,…

Divide the both numbers till it cannot be divided.
Lowest Common Multiple

Ex. Find the lowest common multiple of 4,10 and 12

Always divide by the prime factors till 1

Proportion

Scale = map length : actual length

1
= 1 :r∨
r
Representative fraction (R.F) is expressed in fraction

Area on the map : actual area = 1 :r 2

Direct Proportion

1. In the direct proportion, when one quantity increases, the other will also increase. When one
quantity decreases, the other quantity will also decrease.
y
2. =k∨ y=kx (k is a constant ¿
x

Inverse Proportion

1. In the inverse proportion, when one quantity increases the other quantity will decrease. When
one quantity increases the other quantity will decrease.
k
2. xy=k∨ y = (k is a constant )
x

Special Products of Algebraic Expression

2 2 2
 ( a+ b ) =a + 2ab +b
 ¿
 ( a+ b ) ( a−b )=a2−b 2

Congruence and Similarity

Congruence
Two figures are congruent if they are identical in shape and size.
Properties of congruent triangles:
1. Each pair of corresponding sides is equal.
2. Each pair of corresponding angles is equal.
5 Properties
 3 lengths are given (SSS)
 2 lengths and 1 included angle are given (SAS)
 2 angles and 1 corresponding side are equal (AAS)
 2 angles and 1 side are given (ASA)
 A right-angle, hypotenuse and another side are given (RHS)

Similarity
Two figures are similar if one is an enlargement or reduction of the other.
Properties of similar triangles:
1. Each pair of corresponding angles is equal.
2. Each pair of corresponding sides is proportional.

3 Properties
 If 2 angles of one triangle, the sides are proportion. (AA)
 If the three pairs of the corresponding sides of the two triangles are in equal proportion (SSS)
 If two sides of the triangle are proportional included angles are equal (SAS)

Factorisation

1. Cross Method
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
2. Formula: x=
2a
3. Completing the square: x 2+ bx+ ¿

Pythagoras Theorem

a 2+ b2=c 2

Angle C is a 90°

Mensuration
Cylinder
Area: 2 πrh+ π r 2 + π r 2
Volume: π r 2 h

Indices

Law Laws of Indices

Number
m n m +n
1. a × a =a
m n m−n
2. a ÷ a =a
3. ¿
m m m
4. a × b =(a × b) =¿
5. m m am a m
a ÷b = =( )
bm b
0
6. a =1
7. −n 1
a = n
a
8. ¿
1
9.
a n =√n a
m
10. n
a =¿

Standard Form Math’s Prefix Table

Powers of 10 SI Prefix Remember Tips

12
10 tera- The
9
10 giga- Giggalo
6
10 mega- Man
3
10 kilo- Kiss
−3
10 milli- My
−6
10 micro- Mama
−9
10 nano- Near
−12
10 pico- Parkway

Coordinate Geometry

Length of a line segment

-To find the length of two joining points A((x 1 , y 1 ), B( x 2 , y 2)

AB = √ ¿ ¿
Equation of a straight line

y=mx+c

m=gradient
c= y−intercept

Properties of Circles
Trigonometry (Applications of Trigo)

Toa Cah Soh

Sine Rule:

a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

Cosine Rule:

a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bc cos A

b2 +c 2−a 2
cos A=
2 bc

Area of a triangle:

1
×bc ×sin A
2

Bearings
1. Measured from north
2. Clockwise direction
3. Three digit number (000°to 360°)
Arc Length and Sector Area

MODE, MEDIAN, MEAN

Mode is the value occurs most often in a set of data

Median is the middle of the value in a data set (the data should be arranged in ascending order)

Mean is the average number of the data. (Sum of data ÷ total number of data)

Distance Time Graph

Speed Time Graph

*Gradient = m/s² (accelerating or decelerating)

Profit and Loss

Simple Interest

A=P ( 1+i % X n )

Compound Interest

A=P(1+i% )n

Hire Purchase
*just minus always the
downpayment and use Simple
Interest Formula

Standard Deviation

Interquartile range
Q3 – Q1

In a set of data, range = the largest value – smallest value.

The interquartile range of a set of data is the difference between the upper quartile (Q 3)
and the lower quartile (Q1).

Box and Whiskers

General Term in a Number Sequence

General term

Even number sequence Tn = 2n

Odd number sequence T 2n 1 n
Square number sequence Tn = n2
Formulas for angles in a polygon

Vectors Venn Diagram

© Justin Chua Maths Notes

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