APPENDIX “A”

SUBJECT:BSSLAW3 SECTION:AAF DATE DUE: MAY 13 ,2021

SARMIENTO JEFFERSON 20191083@s.ubaguio.edu

TOPIC: THE LAW ON SALES

# WORD MEANING
1 Appropriation The amount necessary to carry out the
provisions of Sections
27 and 28 of this Act shall be charged
against any available funds and/or
savings under the General
Appropriations Act of 2000 in the
first year of affectivity of this Act.
Thereafter, the funds needed for the
continued implementation shall be
included in the annual General
Appropriations Act.
With respect to institutional
investing, appropriation is the action
of a large investor buying up many
shares of a public company over an
extended period of time. In corporate
finance, profits that are not paid out
as dividends but are instead added to
a company's capital base will be
called accumulations. I
2 Apparent That which is clear, plain, and
evident. In the law of agency, an
agent has apparent authority to
represent the person, or principal,
for whom he or she acts, when the
principal acts in such a manner toward
the agent that a reasonable person
would plainly assume that the agent
was acting for the principal.
The great task of adjusting the
financial business of the Commonwealth
on a permanent basis was one of very
great difficulty, as
the apparent interests of the states
 and of the Commonwealth were opposed.
3 Acceptance  The acknowledgment of a bill of exchan
ge, in writing across the back, bindin
g the acceptor to make payment.
An acceptance must be written on the b
ill and be signed by the drawee. An ac
ceptance is either general or qualifie
d. In the case of a general acceptance
, the assent is without qualification 
to the order of the drawer. 
3 Affidavit An affidavit is voluntarily made witho
ut any cross-examination of the affian
t and, therefore, is not the same as a 
deposition, a record of an examination 
of a witness or a party made either vo
luntarily or pursuant to a subpoena, a
s if the party were testifying in cour
t under cross-examination. A pleading—
a request to a court to exercise its j
udicial power in favor of a party that 
contains allegations or conclusions of 
facts that are not necessarily verifie
d—differs from an affidavit, which sta
tes facts under oath.
Affidavits are used in business and in 
judicial and administrative proceeding
s.
4 Bottomry Maritime law a contract whereby the ow
ner of a ship borrows money to enable 
the vessel to complete the voyage and 
pledges the ship as security for the l
oan
The pledging of a ship as security for 
a loan; if the ship is lost the debt i
s canceled can be considered bottomry.
5 Commerce  The exchange of goods, products, or a
ny type of Personal
Property. Trade and traffic carried on 
between different peoples or states an
d its inhabitants, including not only 
 the purchase, sale, and exchange of co
mmodities but also the instrumentaliti
es, agencies, and means by which busin
ess is accomplished. The transportatio
n of persons and goods, by air, land, 
and sea. The exchange of merchandise o
n a large scale between different plac
es or communities.
The sense in which the word commerce i
s used in the constitution seems not o
nly to include traffic, but intercours
e and navigation.
6 Circulation Orderly movement through a circuit
especially: the movement of blood
through the vessels of the body
induced by the pumping action of the
heart. Passage or transmission from
person to person or place to place
especially: the interchange of
currency coins in circulation.
The addressee is not responsible
generally for any negligence of the
hirer in operating the car. And if
workmen had been employed thereon,
the bailor would also be obligated to
pay for their labor.
7 Assumption The undertaking of the repayment of a
debt or the performance of an
obligation owed by another. When a
purchaser of real property assumes the
mortgage of the seller, he or she
agrees to adopt the mortgage debt,
becoming personally liable for its
full repayment in case of default.
People might make the assumption that
you're a nerd if you wear glasses,
even though that's not true.
8 Adverse An adverse interest in real property
is a claim against the property, such
as an easement.
 A potential adverse was purportedly
held back in the hope of a higher
price.
9 Alteration An alteration is a variation made in
the language or terms of
a legal document that affects the
rights and obligations of the parties
to it. When this occurs,
the alteration is material and the
party who did not consent to the
change can be released from his or her
duties under the document by a court.
An alteration of document causes a
confusion that may often lead to
breach.
10 Commerce As applied to notes, bonds, and other
written instruments, this term means
that they are truly what they purport
to be, and that they are not false,
forged, fictitious, simulated,
spurious, or counterfeit.
Legal documents that are genuine are
very much need for contract signing.
11 Impair to damage or make worse by or as if by
diminishing and to diminish the value
of (property or property rights)
Any law which enlarges, abridges, or
in any manner changes the intention of
the parties, resulting from the
stipulations in the contract,
necessarily impairs it.
12 Implementatio Implementation is the carrying out,
n execution, or practice of a plan, a
method, or any design, idea, model,
specification, standard or policy for
doing something. As
such, implementation is the action
that must follow any preliminary
thinking in order for something to
actually happen.
 Implementation of the reforms was kept
to a very strict timetable
13 Endorsement A signature on a commercial paper or
document. An endorsement on a
negotiable instrument, such as a check
or a promissory note, has the effect
of transferring all the rights
represented by the instrument to
another individual.
The notes must also be made payable to
a definite person and
require endorsement, safeguards which
were previously lacking.
14 Insufficient What is not competent and something
that is not enough.
It may also dismiss a case on grounds
of insufficient evidence.
15 Jurisdiction Jurisdiction is the practical
authority granted to a legal body to
administer justice, as defined by the
kind of case, and the location of the
issue. In federations like the united
states, areas of jurisdiction apply to
local, state, and federal levels.
16 Miscarriage An outcome in a judicial proceeding
that is unjust especially : an error
made in a court of law that results in
an innocent person being punished or a
guilty person being free
In the vast majority of cases
involving contracts, there is no way
of preventing a miscarriage.
17 Merchantable “Merchantable” is equivalent to
“marketable” or “sellable.” Goods
are merchantable when they are of
reasonable quality within expected
variations and are fit for sale in
usual course of trade, at usual
selling price.
The finance house will be liable if
 the goods are not
of merchantable quality
18 Notaries A type of lawyer who has
the legal authority to see that
documents are correctly signed or that
they are true copies, and to make
these documents official or legal: The
completed form must be taken to
a notary public prior to being signed.
The master of the faculties regulates
the appointment of notaries public,
and all dispensations which fall under
25 Hen.
19 Obligation An obligation is a course of action
that someone is required to take,
whether legal or moral. Obligations
are constraints; they limit freedom.
People who are under obligations may
choose to freely act under obligations
But the respective obligations of
parties where repairs are, as they
always are in leases for years, the
subject of express covenant, may vary
indefinitely.
20 Pledge A pledge is a bailment that conveys
possessory title to property owned by
a debtor to a creditor to secure
repayment for some debt or obligation
and to the mutual benefit of both
parties. The term is also used to
denote the property which constitutes
the security. The pledge is a type of
security interest.
Sale or Pledge may means a voluntary
or involuntary sale, conveyance,
mortgage, grant, bargain,
encumbrance, pledge, assignment, grant
of any options with respect to, or any
other transfer or disposition
21 Redemption The liberation of an estate in real
 property from a mortgage. Redemption
is the process by which land that has
been mortgaged or pledged is bought
back or reclaimed. It is accomplished
through a payment of the debt owed or
a fulfillment of the other conditions.
A reserve of 10 Million of gold had
been accumulated for the redemption of
these notes.
22 Statute An act of a legislature that declares,
proscribes, or commands something; a
specific law, expressed in writing.
A statute is a written law passed by a
legislature on the state or federal
level. Statutes set forth general
propositions of law that courts apply
to specific situations.
Protection for the consumer is laid
down by statute.
23 Solidary Solidary liability refers to liability
of any one debtor among two or more
joint debtors to pay the entire debt
if the creditor so chooses. It is
equivalent to joint and several
liability in the common law
There is a solidarity between the
chosen few and the masses which
produce them; each has a duty to the
other.
24 Stipulation An agreement between the parties to a
lawsuit. For example, if the parties
enter into a stipulation of facts,
neither party will have to prove those
facts: The stipulation will be
presented to the jury, who will be
told to accept them as undisputed
evidence in the case.
The only stipulation the building
society makes is that house must be
insured.
25 Valid Binding; possessing legal force or
strength; legally sufficient.
A valid contract, for example, is one
that has been executed in compliance
with all the
requisite legal formalities and is
binding upon, and enforceable by, the
individuals who executed it.
A valid Sale has four essential
elements that includes Offer &
acceptance and others.
26 Reliability In the law of evidence, the aspect of
evidence that the fact-finder feels
able to rely upon in coming to a
decision. Before the evidence can be
relied upon, it must usually also be
credible.
A reliability of a contract is always
a must.
27 Vendor Seller; an individual who transfers
property for sale; merchant; retail
dealer; supplier. The term vendor is
frequently used in reference to an
individual who sells real property
Whereas the vendor has offered to sell
the said plot to meet his / her urgent
family necessities and the vendee has
accepted the offer and agreed to
purchase the said property for a total
sale consideration OF A CERTAIN
PRODUCT
28 Warranty A promise or assurance that may be
express, implied by the circumstances,
or implied by law. A warranty might be
an express or implied statement that
particular facts are true (for
example, that merchandise may be used
for particular purposes or that the
seller has clear title to real
estate).
  If the warranty is limited, the
terms may entitle you to a replacement
or refund.
30 Indemnity Indemnity is a contractual obligation
of one party to compensate the loss
incurred to the other party due to the
acts of the indemnitor or any other
party. The duty to indemnify is
usually, but not always, coextensive
with the contractual duty to "hold
harmless" or "save harmless"
A duty of care may arise where the
official receiver could be considered
an indemnity of the property.
31 Chattel A chattel mortgage is a conditional
mortgage sale of personal property as security
for the payment of a debt, or the
performance of some other obligation
specified therein, the condition being
that the sale shall be void upon the
seller paying to the purchaser a sum
of money or doing some other act
named.
The borrower offers his house and lot
as a chattel mortgage to his debt.
32 Coextensive Coextensive is having the same spatial
or temporal scope or boundaries.
When there are contingencies in a
contract of sale, both seller and
buyer have the coextensive rights and
obligations.
33 Construe It is to determine the meaning of the
words of a written document, statue or
legal decision based upon rules of
legal interpretation as well as normal
meanings.
We construe contract of sale as an
agreement wherein a vendor obligates
himself to deliver and transfer
something to the other party or buyer
 who, on his part, obligates himself to
pay the price.
34 Contingency Contingency means something that could
happen or come up depending on other
occurrences or something that is
possible, uncertain or unpredictable.
The vendor prepared document for any
contingency in the process of sale.
35 Countermand Countermand means a contradictory
command cancelling or reversing a
previous command; to annul by
recalling or rescinding.
When a seller countermand the contract
of sale or any of their agreements,
the seller would be liable and the
contract would be inefficacious.
36 Diminution It is the process or an instance of
becoming gradually less in size or
importance or instance of diminishing
of something.
The buyer observes the diminution in
value of the machine purchased and
process a recoupment for the
diminution.
37 Duress Duress describes the act of using
force, false imprisonment, coercion,
threats, or psychological pressure to
compel someone to act contrary to
their wishes or interests or a
situation whereby a person performs an
act as a result of violence, threat,
or other pressure against the person.
The contract of sale is inefficacious
when a buyer is under duress when the
agreement was made.
38 Garnishment Garnishment is when money is legally
withheld from your paycheck and sent
to another party. It refers to a legal
process that instructs a third party
to deduct payments directly from a
 bank account or personal money. 
If goods are delivered to a bailee by
the owner whose act in conveying the
title to them to a purchaser in good
faith for value should be attached by
garnishment.
39 Cross- In law, cross-examination is the
examination interrogation of a witness called by
one's opponent. It is preceded by
direct examination and may be followed
by a redirect.
The cross-examination of a witness who
has already testified in order to
check or discredit the witness's
testimony, knowledge, or credibility.
40 Impounded It is to seize and take legal custody
of something, especially a vehicle,
goods, or documents because of an
infringement of a law.
Goods were impounded due to selling in
restricted streets in Baclaran.
41 Promulgation Promulgation is the formal
proclamation or the declaration that a
new statutory or administrative law is
enacted after its final approval. In
some jurisdictions, this additional
step is necessary before the law can
take effect.
Their promulgation aroused a storm
among the conquerors.
42 Induce Induce means to offer something of
benefit or value or a reason which
would influence, persuade, coax,
encourage or invite a person to act.
The seller induces a free item to the
buyer to buy the product.
43 Inefficacious Inefficacious is lacking the power to
produce desired effect.
If the parties do not subsequently
agree upon the price, the contract
 shall be inefficacious.
44 Injunction An injunction is a court order
requiring a person to do or cease
doing a specific action. It is an
extraordinary remedy that courts
utilize in special cases to alter or
maintain the status quo, depending on
the circumstances, particularly where
the defendant-party must stop its
course of action to prevent possible
injustice and irreparable harm to the
plaintiff. 
They have obtained
an injunction restraining the company
from selling the product.
45 Licit Licit is conforming to the
requirements of the law or not
forbidden by law.
Government is demanding stricter
regulation of the sale of licit
vaccines especially in this time of
pandemic.
46 Litigation It is an action brought in court to
enforce a particular right. It is the
act or process of bringing a lawsuit
in and of itself; a judicial contest,
any dispute.
The defendant brought to litigation
due to the fraudulent contract of sale
he made.
47 Lump sum Lump sum is the payment of an entire
debt all at once rather than in
installments and the payment of a set
amount of money to satisfy a pecuniary
obligation that might otherwise
continue indefinitely.
The buyer paid the lump sum of the
real estate and received 25% discount
for doing so.
48 Merchantable It is merchantable when a product of a
 high enough quality to make it fit for
sale or must be usable for the purpose
it is made.
Buyers always check first the product
if it attains the merchantable
quality.
49 Notary Public A notary public is an officer
authorized by the state in which the
person resides to administer oaths,
take acknowledgments, and certify
documents and to take depositions if
the notary is also a court reporter.
The signature and seal or stamp of a
notary public is necessary to attest
to the oath of truth of a person
making an affidavit.
The creditor and debtor took a pledge
to the sale thing’s due time before
the Notary Public.
50 Recoupment Recoupment is the setting forth of a
demand arising from the same
transaction as the plaintiff's claim,
to abate or reduce that claim. It is
the means used to determine the proper
liability on the amounts owed.
The delivered products were
insufficient to the agreed amount
between the seller and the buyer,
that’s why the buyer asks for
recoupment to recover the
deficiencies.