APPENDIX “A”

ACTIVITY: SUMMARY OF VOCABS

VOCABULARY ENHANCEMENT

SUBJECT:BSSLAW 2 SECTION:AAF DATE DUE: NOV. 9, 2020

SARMIENTO JEFFERSON 20191083@s.ubaguio.edu

TOPIC: GENERAL PROVISIONS

# WORD MEANING
1 Absentia Trial in absentia is a criminal
proceeding in a court of law in which
the person who is subject to it is
not physically present at those
proceedings. In absentia is Latin for
"in absence". Its meaning varies by
jurisdiction and legal system. In
common law legal systems, the phrase
is more than a spatial description.
2 Analogous Analogous means similar to; capable
of being compared to something else
with similar characteristics of a
company whether it is corporation,
sole or partnership.
3 Adjournment A putting off or postponing of
proceedings; an ending or dismissal
of further business by a court,
legislature, or public official—
either temporarily or permanently. If
an adjournment is final, it is said
to be sine die, "without day" or
without a time fixed to resume the
work.
4 Amendment An amendment is a change or an
addition to the terms of a contract,
a law, or a government regulatory
filing. Any such document can
be amended with the consent of the
parties involved
5 By-laws A rule made by a company, corporation
 or society to control the actions of
its members.
6 Comission Commission, also known as sales
commission, is a payment given to
employees based on the sales they
make.
7 Commence The formal procedure by which
a legal proceeding is initiated.
Civil law suits commence when the
party suing files a written complaint
or petition with the court. Criminal
proceedings are
typically commenced by a prosecutor
filing a petition with the court or
seeking an indictment from a grand
jury.
8 Consolidation The union of the usufruct with the es
tate out of which it issues, in the s
ame person which happens when the usu
fructuary acquires the estate, or vic
e versa. In either case the usufruct 
is extinct. In the common law this is 
called a merger.
9 Delinquent  A payment that is past due or not
paid in full. It is also a person who
disobeys rules or breaks the law such
as a juvenile delinquent.
10 Incorporation Incorporation is the legal process
used to form a corporate entity or
company. A corporation is the
resulting legal entity that separates
the firm's assets and income from its
owners and investors.
11 Investment An investment is an asset or item
acquired with the goal of generating
income or appreciation. 
12 Indebtedness The definition of indebtedness is the
state of owing something (usually
money) to someone, or the total
amount owed.
13 Jurisdiction Jurisdiction is the practical
authority granted to a legal body to
administer justice, as defined by the
kind of case, and the location of the
issue. In federations like the united
states, areas of jurisdiction apply
to local, state, and federal levels.
14 Mortgage A legal agreement by which a bank or
other creditor lends money at
interest in exchange for taking title
of the debtor's property, with the
condition that the conveyance of
title becomes void upon the payment
of the debt.
15 Misconduct In law, misconduct is wrongful,
improper, or unlawful conduct
motivated by premeditated or
intentional purpose or by obstinate
indifference to the consequences of
one's acts. Misconduct can be
considered an unacceptable or
improper behavior, especially for a
professional person
16 NSSLA As defined in Republic act 8367
otherwise known as “revised non-stock
savings and loan association act of
1997”, NSSLA’S are non-stock, non-
profit corporations engaged in the
business of accumulating the savings
of its members and using such
accumulations for extending credit to
them.
17 No-par No-par stock is stock issued with
no par or face value. In modern
practice, par value is an antiquated
concept and no-par stock is
increasingly common.
In most jurisdictions, the par value
of a stock is the lowest possible
price at which a company could issue
 stock, and amounts equivalent to the
aggregate par values of the stock
were required to have special
treatment as stated
capital in accounting. 
18 Outstanding The number of shares of capital
stock stock that have been issued and that
are in public hands. Outstanding
stock excludes shares issued but
subsequently repurchased by the
issuer as treasury stock. Outstanding
stock is used in the calculation of
book value per share and earnings per
share.
19 Preferred Preferred stock is a form of stock
which may have any combination of
features not possessed by common
stock including properties of both an
equity and a debt instrument, and is
generally considered a hybrid
instrument.
20 Par value Par value is the face value of a
bond. Par value is important for a
bond or fixed-income instrument
because it determines its
maturity value as well as the
dollar value of coupon payments
21 Pertinent Relevant evidence is called
“pertinent” when it is directed to
the issue or matters in dispute, and
legitimately tends to prove the
allegations of the party offering it;
otherwise it is called “impertinent
22 Pledge A pledge is a bailment that conveys
possessory title to property owned by
a debtor to a creditor to secure
repayment for some debt or obligation
and to the mutual benefit of both
parties. The term is also used to
denote the property which constitutes
 the security. The pledge is a type of
security interest.
23 Quorum A quorum refers to the minimum
acceptable level of individuals with
a vested interest in a company needed
to make the proceedings of a meeting
valid under the corporate charter.
This clause or general agreement
ensures there is sufficient
representation present at meetings
before any changes can be made by the
board
24 Redemption The liberation of an estate in real
property from a mortgage. Redemption
is the process by which land that has
been mortgaged or pledged is bought
back or reclaimed. It is accomplished
through a payment of the debt owed or
a fulfillment of the other
conditions.
25 Retained Retained earnings (re) is the amount
earnings of net income left over for the
business after it has paid out
dividends to its shareholders. A
business generates earnings that can
be positive (profits) or negative
(losses).

TOPIC: BY-LAWS
# WORD MEANING
1 Anticipation The performance of an act or
obligation before it is legally due.
In the law of
Negligence, anticipation refers to
the knowledge that there is a
reasonable probability that the
consequences of particular conduct
of one individual will result in
injury to others.
2 Adequate Sufficient; equal to what is
 required; suitable to the case or
occasion. A law that requires Public
Utilities to
provide adequate service does not
create a right for customers to sue
the electric company whenever the
meat in their freezers spoils
because of a power outage in the
absence of Negligence.
3 Agent An agent, in legal terminology, is a
person who has been legally
empowered to act on behalf of
another person or an entity. ... The
person represented by the agent in
these scenarios is called the
principal.
4 Descent Hereditary succession. Succession to
the ownership of an estate by
inheritance, or by any act of law,
as distinguished from purchase.
Title by descent is the title by
which one person, upon the death of
another, acquires the real estate of
the latter as an heir at law.
5 Dissent At least one party's disagreement
with the majority opinion. Thus, an
appellate judge who writes an
opinion opposing the holding is said
to file a dissenting opinion.
Courts. Legal practice/ethics
6 Duly According to Black's Law
Dictionary, duly is an
adverb meaning “In a proper manner;
in accordance
with legal requirements.” But
usually, the verb or verb phrase
that duly modifies itself
incorporates the notion of “in a
proper manner,”
making duly redundant.
7 Excerpt Excerpt means a "Sample" (as defined
in the Audio Sample License
Agreement between Licensor and
Licensee of even date herewith)
where no more than 30 seconds
thereof may be accessed by the Web
Site User.
8 Forthwith A term found in contracts, court
orders, and statutes, meaning as
soon as can be reasonably done. It
implies immediacy, with no excuses
for delay.
9 Hereinafter Hereinafter' means 'in the following
part' of a legal document.
'Hereinafter' is a term that is used
to refer to the subject already
mentioned in the remaining part of
a legal document. 'Hereinafter' can
also mean 'from this point on' in
the document. 
10 Inspection An examination or investigation; the
right to see and duplicate
documents, enter land, or make other
such examinations for the purpose of
gathering evidence. The examination
of certain articles made
by law subject to such examination,
so that they may be declared fit for
commerce.
11 Insufficient What is not competent and something
that is not enough.
12 Lieu The "In lieu of” legal definition is
“instead of” or “in the place of.”
It is used in legal documents often
in the United States or the Republic
of the Philippines.
13 Notation The process or method of noting or
setting down by means of a special
system of signs or symbols. The act
of noting, marking, or setting down
 in writing. A note, jotting, or
record; annotation: notations in the
margin.
14 Preclude To prevent or exclude by necessary
consequence: as. A : to prevent (a
party) from litigating an action or
claim especially by collateral
estoppel or res judicata they
are precluded only because they
failed to assert
15 Proxy A proxy is an agent legally
authorized to act on behalf of
another party or a format that
allows an investor to vote without
being physically present at the
meeting.
16 Refusal He act of declining to receive or to
do something. 2. A grantee
may refuse a title, vide Assent; one
appointed executor may refuse to act
as such. La some cases, a neglect to
perform a duty which the party is
required by law or his agreement to
do, will amount to a refusal.
17 Revocation Revocation is the act of recall or
annulment. It is the cancelling of
an act, the recalling of a grant or
privilege, or the making void of
some deed previously existing. A
temporary revocation of a grant or
privilege is called a suspension
18 Solidary Solidary liability refers to
liability of any one debtor among
two or more joint debtors to pay the
entire debt if the creditor so
chooses. It is equivalent to joint
and several liability in the
common law
19 Shares Shares are units of equity ownership
interest in a corporation that exist
 as a financial asset providing for
an equal distribution in any
residual profits, if any are
declared, in the form of dividends.
Shareholders may also enjoy capital
gains if the value of the company
rises
20 Stocks A stock is a general term used to
describe the ownership certificates
of any company. A share, on the
other hand, refers to
the stock certificate of a
particular company. Holding a
particular company's share makes you
a shareholder
21 Stockholder A shareholder, also referred to as
a stockholder, is a person, company,
or institution that owns at least
one share of a company's stock,
which is known as equity. Because
shareholders are essentially owners
in a company, they reap the benefits
of a business' success
22 Stipulation An agreement between the parties to
a lawsuit. For example, if the
parties enter into a stipulation of
facts, neither party will have to
prove those facts:
The stipulation will be presented to
the jury, who will be told to accept
them as undisputed evidence in the
case.
23 Subscribers To write underneath; to put a
signature at the end of a printed or
written instrument. A subscribing
witness is an individual who either
sees the execution of a writing or
hears its acknowledgment and signs
his or her name as a witness upon
the request of the executor of the
 agreement
24 Succession The transfer of title to property un
der the law of descent and
distribution. The transfer of legal 
or official powers from an individua
l who formerly held them to another 
who undertakes current responsibilit
ies to execute those powers.
25 Treasurer An officer entrusted with the
receipt, care, and disbursement of
funds as whether it is a
governmental officer charged with
keeping, receiving, and disbursing
public revenues or the executive
financial officer of a club,
society, or business corporation.

TOPIC: STOCKS AND STOCKHOLDERS

# WORD MEANING
1 Affinity Affinity has been defined as the
"relationship of a husband to the
blood relatives of his wife, or of a
wife to the blood relatives of her
husband". 
2 Affiliate Means a corporation that directly or
indirectly, through one or more
intermediaries, is controlled by, or
is under the common control of
another corporation, which thereby
becomes its parent corporation.
3 BOT Build–operate–transfer (BOT)
or build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT)
is a form of project delivery
method, usually for large-scale
infrastructure projects, wherein a
private entity receives
a concession from the public
sector (or the private sector on
rare occasions) to finance, design,
construct, own, and operate a
 facility stated in the concession
contract. This enables the project
proponent to recover its investment,
operating and maintenance expenses
in the project.
4 Conclusive Determinative; beyond dispute or
question. That which
is conclusive is manifest, clear, or
obvious. It is a legal inference
made so peremptorily that it cannot
be overthrown or contradicted.
5 Consanguinity Consanguinity is the degree of
relationship of family members who
share at least one common ancestor.
It is the blood-relationship
(cognatio naturalis), or the natural
bond between persons descended from
the same stock. 
6 Customary A legal custom is the established
pattern of behavior that can be
objectively verified within a
particular social setting.
7 Exculpate Annulment or cancellation of a
statement, document, or offer not
yet accepted, or cancellation of a
contract by the parties to it. For
example, a person can revoke a will
or revoke an offer to enter into a
contract, and a government agency
can revoke a license.
8 Expedite To prioritize, to rush, such as
to expedite a hearing before a
judge. 
9 Interlocking Interlocking directorates is a
business practice wherein a member
of one company's board
of directors also serves on another
company's board or within another
company's management.
10 Injunction An injunction is a court order
 requiring a person to do or cease
doing a specific action. Choosing
whether to grant temporary
injunctive relief is up to the
discretion of the court.
Permanent injunctions are issued as
a final judgment in a case, where
monetary damages will not suffice.
11 Interim An interim is a temporary pause in a
line of succession or event. The
term 'interim' is used in many
contexts. These
include interim orders, interim repo
rts, interim analysis
or interim official. The
term interim order refers to an
order passed by a court during the
pendency of the litigation.
12 MISCARRIAGE An outcome in a judicial proceeding
that is unjust especially : an error
made in a court of law that results
in an innocent person being punished
or a guilty person being free
13 Notwithstandin The use of the
g word notwithstanding in contracts
does not differ from its plain and
ordinary
English meaning. Notwithstanding mea
ns in spite of, despite, even if,
without regard to or impediment by
other things, all the same, however,
in any case, in any event,
nevertheless, none the less, still,
yet.
14 Preemption The preemption doctrine refers to
the idea that a higher authority
of law will displace the law of a
lower authority of law when the two
authorities come into conflict.
15 Prescription Prescription is either acquisitive,
 in that an individual is allowed,
after a specified period of time, to
acquire title, or extinctive
16 Presumptions A legal inference that must be made
in light of certain facts.
Most presumptions are
rebuttable, meaning that they are
rejected if proven to be false or at
least thrown into sufficient doubt
by the evidence.
17 Promulgate To declare or announce publically or
to proclaim. Especially with regard
to laws or regulations, to put into
force or effect.
18 Qualified A particular attribute, quality,
property, or possession that an
individual must have in order to be
eligible to fill an office or
perform a public duty or function.
For example, attaining the age of
majority is a qualification that
must be met before an individual has
the capacity to enter into a
contract.
19 Revocation Annulment or cancellation of a
statement, document, or offer not
yet accepted, or cancellation of a
contract by the parties to it. For
example, a person can revoke a will
or revoke an offer to enter into a
contract, and a government agency
can revoke a license.
20 Self-dealing Self-dealing is when
a fiduciary acts in their own best
interest in a transaction, rather
than in the best interest of their
clients. It represents a conflict of
interest and an illegal act that can
lead to litigation, penalties, and
termination of employment for those
 who commit it. 
21 Sole Alone, single; used in
contradistinction to joint or
married. A sole tenant, therefore,
is one who holds lands in his own
right, without being joined with any
other.
22 Tramp Tramp corporations are
Companies chartered in one state
without any intention of
doing business therein, but which
carry on their business and
operations wholly In other states.
23 Tribunal A tribunal, generally, is any person
or institution with authority to
judge, adjudicate on, or determine
claims or disputes—whether or not it
is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears
before a court with a single judge
could describe that judge as
"their tribunal".
24 Valid Binding; possessing legal force or
strength; legally sufficient.
A valid contract, for example, is
one that has been executed in
compliance with all the
requisite legal formalities and is
binding upon, and enforceable by,
the individuals who executed it.
25 Venture A joint venture is
a legal organization that takes the
form of a short term partnership in
which the persons jointly undertake
a transaction for mutual profit.
Generally each person contributes
assets and share risks.
TOPIC: NON-STOCK CORPORATION, CLOSE CORPORATION,SPECIAL CORPORATION
# WORD MEANING
1 Acquiescence In law, acquiescence occurs when a
person knowingly stands by without
raising any objection to the
infringement of his or her rights,
while someone else unknowingly and
without malice aforethought acts in
a manner inconsistent with their
rights.
2 Accustomed Customary; usual; habitual: in
their accustomed manner. Habituated;
acclimated
3 Affidavit A voluntarily sworn declaration of
written facts. Affidavits are
commonly used to present evidence in
court.
4 Business torts Business torts, also called
economic torts, are wrongful acts
committed against business entities
often intentional but sometimes due
to negligence or recklessness that
cause (or are likely to cause in the
future) some kind of financial loss.
5 Benevolence The doing a kind action to another,
from mere good will, without
any legal obligation. It is a moral
duty only, and it cannot be enforced
by law. A good wan is benevolent to
the poor, but no law can compel him
to be so.
6 Conspicuous Conspicuous means so written that a
reasonable person against whom the
writing is to operate should have
noticed it. ... Conspicuous means so
written, displayed, or presented
that a reasonable person against
whom the writing is to operate
should have noticed it.
7 Countersign To countersign is to sign on the
 opposite side of an instrument
already signed by some other person
or officer, in order to secure its
character of a genuine paper; as a
bank note is signed by the president
and countersigned by the cashier.
8 Custodian An individual entrusted with
guarding and keeping property or
having custody of a person.
9 Denomination A class or kind (esp. of units in a
system) having a specific name or
value. A large group of religious
congregations united under a common
faith and name, usually organized
under a single administrative
and legal hierarchy.
10 Discretion Discretion is the power of officials
to act according to the dictates of
their own judgment and
conscience. ... If the plaintiff or
the defendant thinks that the trial
court judge has abused
the discretion, the party can appeal
the case.
11 Heir ship All words any words phrase. Heir. N.
One who acquires property upon the
death of another, based on the rules
of descent and distribution, namely,
being the child, descendant or other
closest relative of the dear
departed. It also has come
to mean anyone who "takes" (receives
something) by the terms of the will.
12 Intermediary A person who acts as a mediator or
agent between parties
13 Irrespective The definition of irrespective is
regardless or not taking into
account. If you are going to do
something regardless of whether you
receive permission, this is an
 example of a time when you are going
to do something irrespective of
whether you are allowed.
14 Oppressive An unjust or excessive exercise of
power: as. a : unlawful, wrongful,
or corrupt exercise of authority by
a public official acting under color
of authority that causes a person
harm
15 Parsonage It is a housing allowance for
clergy, nominated by the church or
other employer organization, to meet
the expenses of providing and
maintaining a home.
16 Pertinent Applicable; relevant Evidence is
called “pertinent” when it is
directed to the issue or matters in
dispute, and legitimately tends to
prove the allegations of the party
offering it; otherwise it is called
“impertinent.”
A pertinent hypothesis is one which,
if sustained, would logically
influence the issue.
17 Petition  A petition is a formal request
seeking a specific court order, made
by a person, group or organization
to the court, typically at the start
of a lawsuit. A plaintiff files
a petition or complaint with the
court in stage one of a civil
lawsuit, specifying what the lawsuit
is about.
18 Preneed Occurring before there is a need
especially planned prior to death
preneed funeral arrangements preneed
contracts/insurance Pre-need funeral
insurance is whole life insurance
that provides funds to pay for the
insured's funeral and burial.
19 Prompt  It has generally been held that
the terms 'promptly' or
'prompt notice' mean that notice
must be given within a reasonable
time in view of all the facts and
circumstances of the case.
20 Rabbi Master, teacher —used by Jews as
a term of address. A Jew qualified
to expound and apply the halacha and
other Jewish law.
21 Suppletory Supplying deficiencies:
supplementary rules suppletory to
the contract.
22 Synod An assembly of ecclesiastics or
other church delegates, convoked
pursuant to the law of the church,
for the discussion and decision of
ecclesiastical affairs;
ecclesiastical council.
23 Verify To make certain, to substantiate, or
to confirm by formal oath,
affirmation, or Affidavit. 
24 Withhold To hold back; restrain or check. to
refrain from giving or granting: 
25 Wobbler A crime that can be either a
misdemeanor (a conviction punishable
by a small amount of jail time,
typically one year or less) or a
felony (a conviction punishable by
time in state prison).