APPENDIX “A”

SUBJECT:BSSLAW2 SECTION:AAF DATE DUE:MAR 11,2021

SARMIENTO JEFFERSON 20191083@s.ubaguio.edu

TOPIC: THE LAW ON SALES

# WORD MEANING
1 Agency The law of agency is an area of
commercial law dealing with a set of
contractual, quasi-contractual and non-
contractual fiduciary relationships that
involve a person, called the agent, that
is authorized to act on behalf of
another to create legal relations with a
third party.
An agency may provide the safety of the
latter and the agent at all times
2 agent  An agent is a person who acts in the
name of and on behalf of another, having
been given and assumed some degree of
authority to do so. Most organized human
activity—and virtually all commercial
activity—is carried on through agency.
Even if the agent made no profit he was
bound to return double what he had
received, if he made poor profit he had
to make up the deficiency; but he was
not responsible for loss by robbery or
extortion on his travels
3 addressee The person to whom something, typically
a letter, is addressed.
The addressee is not responsible
generally for any negligence of the
hirer in operating the car. And if
workmen had been employed thereon,
the bailor would also be obligated to
pay for their labor.
4 addresser A person who gives an address or speech.
A person who addresses someone (directs
spoken or written communication toward
someone). A person who addresses
 (applies an address to an object to be
delivered to a particular location).
One can conceive of cases in which goods
would be exposed to war damage through
the negligence of the addresser.
5 adverse An adverse interest in real property is
a claim against the property, such as an
easement.
A potential adverse was purportedly held
back in the hope of a higher price.
6 alteration An alteration is a variation made in the
language or terms of a legal document
that affects the rights and obligations
of the parties to it. When this occurs,
the alteration is material and the party
who did not consent to the change can be
released from his or her duties under
the document by a court.
An alteration of document causes a
confusion that may often lead to
breach.
7 Genuine As applied to notes, bonds, and other
written instruments, this term means
that they are truly what they purport to
be, and that they are not false, forged,
fictitious, simulated, spurious, or
counterfeit.
Legal documents that are genuine are
very much need for contract signing.
8 Impair to damage or make worse by or as if by
diminishing and to to diminish the value
of (property or property rights)

9 Implementati Implementation is the carrying out,

on execution, or practice of a plan, a
method, or any design, idea, model,
specification, standard or policy for
doing something. As
such, implementation is the action that
must follow any preliminary thinking in
 order for something to actually happen.
Implementation of the reforms was kept
to a very strict timetable
10 Endorsement A signature on a commercial paper or
document. An endorsement on a negotiable
instrument, such as a check or a
promissory note, has the effect of
transferring all the rights represented
by the instrument to another individual.
The notes must also be made payable to a
definite person and require endorsement,
safeguards which were previously
lacking.
11 Insufficient What is not competent and something that
is not enough.
It may also dismiss a case on grounds
of insufficient evidence.
12 Jurisdiction Jurisdiction is the practical authority
granted to a legal body to administer
justice, as defined by the kind of case,
and the location of the issue. In
federations like the united states,
areas of jurisdiction apply to local,
state, and federal levels.
The country-specific Q&A gives a
structured overview of the key practical
issues concerning dispute resolution in
this jurisdiction, including court
procedures; fees and funding; interim
remedies and any reform proposals.
13 Miscarriage An outcome in a judicial proceeding that
is unjust especially : an error made in
a court of law that results in an
innocent person being punished or a
guilty person being free
In the vast majority of cases involving
contracts, there is no way of preventing
a miscarriage.
14 Merchantable “Merchantable” is equivalent to
“marketable” or “sellable.” Goods
 are merchantable when they are of
reasonable quality within expected
variations and are fit for sale in usual
course of trade, at usual selling price.
The finance house will be liable if the
goods are not of merchantable quality
15 Notaries A type of lawyer who has
the legal authority to see that
documents are correctly signed or that
they are true copies, and to make these
documents official or legal: The
completed form must be taken to
a notary public prior to being signed.
The master of the faculties regulates
the appointment of notaries public, and
all dispensations which fall under 25
Hen.
16 Obligation An obligation is a course of action that
someone is required to take, whether
legal or moral. Obligations are
constraints; they limit freedom. People
who are under obligations may choose to
freely act under obligations
But the respective obligations of
parties where repairs are, as they
always are in leases for years, the
subject of express covenant, may vary
indefinitely.
17 Pledge A pledge is a bailment that conveys
possessory title to property owned by a
debtor to a creditor to secure repayment
for some debt or obligation and to the
mutual benefit of both parties. The term
is also used to denote the property
which constitutes the security. The
pledge is a type of security interest.
Sale or Pledge may means a voluntary or
involuntary sale, conveyance, mortgage,
grant, bargain, encumbrance, pledge,
assignment, grant of any options with
 respect to, or any other transfer or
disposition
18 Redemption The liberation of an estate in real
property from a mortgage. Redemption is
the process by which land that has been
mortgaged or pledged is bought back or
reclaimed. It is accomplished through a
payment of the debt owed or a
fulfillment of the other conditions.
A reserve of 10 Million of gold had been
accumulated for the redemption of these
notes.
19 Statute An act of a legislature that declares,
proscribes, or commands something; a
specific law, expressed in writing.
A statute is a written law passed by a
legislature on the state or federal
level. Statutes set forth general
propositions of law that courts apply to
specific situations.
Protection for the consumer is laid down
by statute.
20 Solidary Solidary liability refers to liability
of any one debtor among two or more
joint debtors to pay the entire debt if
the creditor so chooses. It is
equivalent to joint and several
liability in the common law
There is a solidarity between the chosen
few and the masses which produce them;
each has a duty to the other.
21 Stipulation An agreement between the parties to a
lawsuit. For example, if the parties
enter into a stipulation of facts,
neither party will have to prove those
facts: The stipulation will be presented
to the jury, who will be told to accept
them as undisputed evidence in the case.
The only stipulation the building
society makes is that house must be
 insured.
22 Valid Binding; possessing legal force or
strength; legally sufficient.
A valid contract, for example, is one
that has been executed in compliance
with all the requisite legal formalities
and is binding upon, and enforceable by,
the individuals who executed it.
A valid Sale has four essential elements
that includes Offer & acceptance and
others.
23 Reliability In the law of evidence, the aspect of
evidence that the fact-finder feels able
to rely upon in coming to a decision.
Before the evidence can be relied upon,
it must usually also be credible.
A reliability of a contract is always a
must.
24 Vendor Seller; an individual who transfers
property for sale; merchant; retail
dealer; supplier. The term vendor is
frequently used in reference to an
individual who sells real property
Whereas the vendor has offered to sell
the said plot to meet his / her urgent
family necessities and the vendee has
accepted the offer and agreed to
purchase the said property for a total
sale consideration OF A CERTAIN PRODUCT
25 Warranty A promise or assurance that may be
express, implied by the circumstances,
or implied by law. A warranty might be
an express or implied statement that
particular facts are true (for example,
that merchandise may be used for
particular purposes or that the seller
has clear title to real estate).
 If the warranty is limited, the
terms may entitle you to a replacement
or refund.
26 Auctioneer It is a person authorized by law to sell
the goods of others at public sale such
as a middleman who sells items in an
auction format and may an agent of both
parties.
The auctioneer will open bidding in
behalf of the seller and give the item
to the highest bidder.
27 Indemnity Indemnity is a contractual obligation of
one party to compensate the loss
incurred to the other party due to the
acts of the indemnitor or any other
party. The duty to indemnify is usually,
but not always, coextensive with the
contractual duty to "hold harmless" or
"save harmless"
A duty of care may arise where the
official receiver could be considered an
indemnity of the property.
28 Chattel A chattel mortgage is a conditional sale
mortgage of personal property as security for the
payment of a debt, or the performance of
some other obligation specified therein,
the condition being that the sale shall
be void upon the seller paying to the
purchaser a sum of money or doing some
other act named.
The borrower offers his house and lot as
a chattel mortgage to his debt.
29 Coextensive Coextensive is having the same spatial
or temporal scope or boundaries.
When there are contingencies in a
contract of sale, both seller and buyer
have the coextensive rights and
obligations.
30 Construe It is to determine the meaning of the
words of a written document, statue or
legal decision based upon rules of legal
interpretation as well as normal
meanings.
 We construe contract of sale as an
agreement wherein a vendor obligates
himself to deliver and transfer
something to the other party or buyer
who, on his part, obligates himself to
pay the price.
31 Contingency Contingency means something that could
happen or come up depending on other
occurrences or something that is
possible, uncertain or unpredictable.
The vendor prepared document for any
contingency in the process of sale.
32 Countermand Countermand means a contradictory
command cancelling or reversing a
previous command; to annul by recalling
or rescinding.
When a seller countermand the contract
of sale or any of their agreements, the
seller would be liable and the contract
would be inefficacious.
33 Diminution It is the process or an instance of
becoming gradually less in size or
importance or instance of diminishing of
something.
The buyer observes the diminution in
value of the machine purchased and
process a recoupment for the diminution.
34 Duress Duress describes the act of using force,
false imprisonment, coercion, threats,
or psychological pressure to compel
someone to act contrary to their wishes
or interests or a situation whereby a
person performs an act as a result of
violence, threat, or other pressure
against the person.
The contract of sale is inefficacious
when a buyer is under duress when the
agreement was made.
35 Garnishment Garnishment is when money is legally
withheld from your paycheck and sent to
 another party. It refers to a legal
process that instructs a third party to
deduct payments directly from a bank
account or personal money. 
If goods are delivered to a bailee by
the owner whose act in conveying the
title to them to a purchaser in good
faith for value should be attached by
garnishment.
36 Hammer It is a small ceremonial mallet commonly
made of hardwood, typically fashioned
with a handle. It can be used to call
for attention or it is used in a public
auction which usually means to put
up for sale at auction or sold by an
officer of the law or by an auctioneer.
At the moment the hammer falls or in
other customary manner and the
auctioneer announces its perfection, the
sale by auction is perfected.
37 Impounded It is to seize and take legal custody of
something, especially a vehicle, goods,
or documents because of an infringement
of a law.
Goods were impounded due to selling in
restricted streets in Baclaran.
38 promulgation Promulgation is the formal proclamation
or the declaration that a new statutory
or administrative law is enacted after
its final approval. In some
jurisdictions, this additional step is
necessary before the law can take
effect.
Their promulgation aroused a storm among
the conquerors.
39 Induce Induce means to offer something of
benefit or value or a reason which would
influence, persuade, coax, encourage or
invite a person to act.
The seller induces a free item to the
 buyer to buy the product.
40 Inefficaciou Inefficacious is lacking the power to
s produce desired effect.
If the parties do not subsequently agree
upon the price, the contract shall be
inefficacious.
41 Injunction An injunction is a court order requiring
a person to do or cease doing a specific
action. It is an extraordinary remedy
that courts utilize in special cases to
alter or maintain the status quo,
depending on the circumstances,
particularly where the defendant-party
must stop its course of action to
prevent possible injustice and
irreparable harm to the plaintiff. 
They have obtained
an injunction restraining the company
from selling the product.
42 Licit Licit is conforming to the requirements
of the law or not forbidden by law.
Government is demanding stricter
regulation of the sale of licit vaccines
especially in this time of pandemic.
43 Litigation It is an action brought in court to
enforce a particular right. It is the
act or process of bringing a lawsuit in
and of itself; a judicial contest, any
dispute.
The defendant brought to litigation due
to the fraudulent contract of sale he
made.
44 Lump sum Lump sum is the payment of an entire
debt all at once rather than in
installments and the payment of a set
amount of money to satisfy a pecuniary
obligation that might otherwise continue
indefinitely.
The buyer paid the lump sum of the
real estate and received 25% discount
 for doing so.
45 Merchantable It is merchantable when a product of a
high enough quality to make it fit for
sale or must be usable for the purpose
it is made.
Buyers always check first the product if
it attains the merchantable quality.
46 Notary A notary public is an officer authorized
Public by the state in which the person resides
to administer oaths, take
acknowledgments, and certify documents
and to take depositions if the notary is
also a court reporter. The signature and
seal or stamp of a notary public is
necessary to attest to the oath of truth
of a person making an affidavit.
The creditor and debtor took a pledge to
the sale thing’s due time before the
Notary Public.
47 Recoupment Recoupment is the setting forth of a
demand arising from the same transaction
as the plaintiff's claim, to abate or
reduce that claim. It is the means used
to determine the proper liability on the
amounts owed.
The delivered products were insufficient
to the agreed amount between the seller
and the buyer, that’s why the buyer asks
for recoupment to recover the
deficiencies.
48 Renunciation It is giving up a right, such as right
of inheritance, a gift under a will, or
abandoning the right to collect a debt
on a note.
Finally, the seller’s renunciation of
the right to collect debt to a buyer
after years the sale was made.
49 Repudiation Repudiation is the denial of the
existence of a contract and/or refusal
to perform a contract obligation.
 Repudiation is an anticipatory breach of
a contract.
The creditor denounced the repudiation
of debts or the failure to pay the debts
and interests by the debtor.
50 Unconscionab It does not conform to the dictates of
le conscience, unjust or extremely one
sided in favor of the person who has the
superior bargaining power.
The court finds out that the contract of
sale was unconscionable that exploit the
consumer who is poorly educated.