1.
Work
Definition
Work is said to be done when a force is applied on a body, and the body is
displaced in the direction of force.
𝐹
=
𝑑
⋅
⋅
cos
𝜃
W=F⋅d⋅cosθ
Where:
𝑊
W = Work done
𝐹
F = Force applied
𝑑
d = Displacement
𝜃
θ = Angle between force and displacement
Conditions for Work
A force must be applied.
The body must be displaced.
The displacement must have a component in the direction of force.
SI Unit
Joule (J)
Joule
=
Work done when 1 Newton force displaces a body by 1 meter in the direction of force
.
1Joule=Work done when 1 Newton force displaces a body by 1 meter in the direction o
f force.
Examples
Work is done: Pushing a box, lifting a weight.
Work is not done: Carrying a bag horizontally (force is vertical, displacement is
𝜃
horizontal →
=
90
∘
θ=90
∘
).
2. Energy
Definition
The capacity of a body to do work.
Forms of Mechanical Energy
Kinetic Energy (KE): Energy due to motion.
𝐾
𝐸
=
1
𝑚
2
𝑣
2
KE=
2
1
mv
2
Potential Energy (PE): Energy due to position or configuration.
𝑃
𝐸
𝑚
=
𝑔
ℎ
PE=mgh
Work-Energy Theorem
The work done on a body is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
𝑊
=
𝐾
Δ
𝐸
W=ΔKE
3. Power
Definition
Power is the rate at which work is done.
𝑊
=
𝑡
P=
t
W
Where:
𝑃
P = Power
𝑊
W = Work done
𝑡
t = Time
SI Unit
Watt (W)
𝑊
=
Work done at the rate of 1 Joule per second.
1W=Work done at the rate of 1 Joule per second.
Horsepower (hp)
A commercial unit of power.
𝑝
ℎ
=
746
𝑊
1hp=746W.
