WORK,

ENERGY,
POWER
Let’s continue!
 What happens when work is done
against gravity?
So far we have only considered objects falling under gravity. Let's now consider the work done when we lift an object.
In order to lift an object that has mass m, we have to apply an upward force mg to overcome the downward force of
gravity. If this force raises the object through a height h, then the work done is:

W=mxgxh

Example scenario:

Placing a suitcase on a luggage rack

involves doing work against gravity.
 What happens when work is done
against gravity?
Whenever work is done against gravity, the amount of work done is equal to the product of
weight of the body and the vertical distance through which the body is lifted.

Work done in lifting a body = Weight of body x Vertical distance

W=mxgxh where

W = work done
m = mass of the body
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height through which the body is lifted
 Energy
Energy developed by a body due to work done on it is
Capacity of doing work by a body is called mechanical energy. It is of two types:
called energy.

● Energy is a scalar quantity i.e. it has only

magnitude but no direction and its unit is joule. 1. Potential Energy

● The energy required to do 1 joule of work is 2. Kinetic Energy

called 1 joule energy.

1 Kilojoules (KJ) = 1000 joules (J)

Potential Energy
the energy that is stored in an
object due to its position
 The energy of a body due to its position above the
Potential Energy ground is called

the energy that is stored in an
object due to its position
gravitational potential
energy
The energy of a body due to change its shape and
size is called
elastic potential energy

The formula for Potential energy is

P.E.= mgh where

m = mass of the body

g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height of the body from surface of the earth
Kinetic Energy
The energy of a body due to its
motion.
To calculate K.E.

K.E.= ½ mv²
where

m = mass

v= velocity
 Also, when work is done, an equal amount of
energy is consumed. Thus, power is also
Power defined as the rate at which energy is consumed
or utilised.

Power is defined as the rate of doing

work. It is scalar quantity. The S.I unit of power is watt (W).
One watt is the power of an appliance which does
work at the rate of 1 joule per second.
Power = Work done/ time taken
1 watt = 1 joule/ 1 second

P = W/t where
Horse power
P = Power
is another unit of power which is equal
W = work done 1 horse power= 746 watt= 0.75 kilowatt

t = time taken
 Problem Solving:
1. A book of mass 1 kg is on the floor. If the book is lifted from the
floor to the top shelf which is 2 meters from the floor, how much
work is done on the book?

2. A 1000 kg car has a velocity of 17 m/s. What is the car’s kinetic

energy?

3. A mass of 3.5 kg is taken from the ground to the height of 10m. Find
the potential energy of the object.

4. Carlos did 56.0 Joules of work in 23 seconds. How much power did
Carlos show by doing work?
 DRILL 1.2
1. You push a 10 kg box to the right with a force
of 215 N. The box moves. What is the work done
by your push on the box after covering a distance
of 4.0 m?
2. What is the kinetic energy of a 16 g billiard
ball moving at 2.5 m/s?
3. How much power is needed to lift a 4.5 kg
object to a height of 3.0m in 12 seconds?
Thank you!