GOOD MORNING

W O RK , E N E R G Y A N D
P O W ER!
The Calculations and
Equations
 Energy and Work
• Energy is the ability to do
work.

• Work is the energy transferred

to or from a system by a force
that acts on it.
 WORK

• IN PHYSICS, WORK REPRESENTS

A MEASURABLE CHANGE IN A
SYSTEM, CAUSED BY A FORCE.
 WORK CONCEPT
•WORK IS DEFINED AS A FORCE ACTING UPON AN
OBJECT TO CAUSE A DISPLACEMENT .
1. A horse pulling a plow through the field.
2. A father pushing a grocery cart down the aisle of a
grocery store.
3. A freshman lifting a backpack full of books upon her
shoulder.
4. A weightlifter lifting a barbell above his head.
5. An Olympian launching the shot-put.
 WORK DONE OR NO WORK DONE
1. A teacher applies a force to a wall and
becomes exhausted.
Answer: No work done.
 The wall is not displaced.
2. A book falls off a table and free falls to the
ground.
Answer: Work done.
 There is a force (gravity) which acts on the
book which causes it to be displaced in a
downward direction (fall).
3. A waiter carries a tray full of meals above his head by
one arm straight across the room at constant speed.
Answer: No work done.
There is a force (the waiter pushes up on the tray) and
there is a displacement (the tray is moved horizontally
across the room). Yet the force does not cause the
displacement. To cause a displacement, there must be a
component of force in the direction of the displacement.
4. A rocket accelerates through space.
Answer: Work done.
There is a force (the expelled gases push on the rocket)
which causes the rocket to be displaced through space.
Mathematically, work can be expressed by the following
equation.

W= F x d cos 
where F = force, d = displacement, and the angle
(theta) is defined as the angle between the force and the
displacement vector.

Unit: 1 Joule (J) = N.m

 WORK (FORCE IS PARALLEL TO DISTANCE)

Force (N)

Work (joules) W=Fxd

Distance (m)
 WORK (FORCE AT ANGLE TO DISTANCE)

Force (N)

Work (joules) W = Fd cos () Angle

Distance (m)
WORK CALCULATIONS
W=F x d
=100N X 5m
=500 N.m or 500 J
W=F x d cos 300
= 100N *5m *(cos 300)
= 100N *5m *87
= 433.012 N.m or J
W =F =mg

W= F x d
W=147 N * 5 m
=735 N.m or 735 J
CONCEPT OF ENERGY
WHAT ARE KINETIC
AND
POTENTIAL ENERGY?
 This car
uses a
lot of
energy

Batteries store energy!

We get
our
Even this energy
sleeping from
puppy is FOOD!
using
stored
energy.
HOW IS ALL ENERGY DIVIDED?

All Energy

Potential Kinetic
Energy Energy
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

Potential Energy = “Stored Energy”

"Potential" simply means the energy that can

do something useful later.
EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL
ENERGY:
A stretched rubber bands.

Water at the top of a waterfall.

Yo–Yo held in your hand.

A drawn Bow and Arrow…

 POTENTIAL ENERGY
Facts present!
 The higher an object, the more potential
energy.

 The more mass an object has, the more

potential energy it has.
WHICH OBJECT HAS MORE POTENTIAL ENERGY?
CHANGING AN OBJECTS’ HEIGHT CAN CHANGE ITS
POTENTIAL ENERGY.

• IF I WANT TO DROP AN APPLE FROM THE TOP OF ONE OF THESE

THREE THINGS, WHERE WILL BE THE MOST POTENTIAL ENERGY?

A
C
B
 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
•after an object has been lifted to a
height, work is done.
• PE = W= F x d= mgh
Potential Energy is
maximum at the
maximum HEIGHT.
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

is the energy possessed by an object because of a

gravitational interaction.

= W= F x d= mgh
POTENTIAL ENERGY CALCULATION
How much potential energy is lost by a
5kg object to kinetic energy due a decrease
in height of 4.5 m?
PE = mgh
PE = (5kg)(9.8 m/s2)(4.5 m)
PE = 220.5 J
POTENTIAL ENERGY CONVERTED
TO KINETIC ENERGY.
 KINETIC ENERGY
Kinetic Energy = “Motion Energy”

When stored energy is being used up, it is

making things move or happen.
EXAMPLES OF KINETIC
ENERGY:
KINETIC ENERGY
Facts present!

THE FASTER THE OBJECT MOVES; THE

MORE KINETIC ENERGY IS PRODUCED.

THE GREATER THE MASS AND SPEED OF

AN OBJECT, THE MORE KINETIC ENERGY
THERE WILL BE.
WHEN THESE OBJECTS MOVE AT THE SAME SPEED,
WHICH WILL HAVE MORE KINETIC ENERGY?

A.
B.
KINETIC ENERGY
Facts present!

•AN OBJECT HAS THE MOST KINETIC ENERGY WHEN

ITS MOVEMENT IS THE GREATEST.
•WHEN AN OBJECT HAS THE LEAST POTENTIAL
ENERGY, IT HAS THE MOST KINETIC ENERGY.
KINETIC ENERGY CALCULATION

•THE ENERGY OF MOTION

•KE = w= F x d= mgh=1/2 mv 2
Find the kinetic energy of a 4 Kg object
moving at 5m/s.

KE = 1/2 mv2
KE = ½ (4Kg)(5m/s) 2
KE = 50 Kg m 2 /s 2 or 50 N.m
KE = 50 J
TRY THIS

A water bottle is knocked off a desk. When does the

bottle has the MOST kinetic energy?

A. At the top of the fall.

B. In the middle of the fall.
C. At the bottom of the fall.
ROLLER COASTERS
When does the train
on this roller coaster
has the most
potential energy?

a. At the top
b. At the bottom
c. At the middle
As the train accelerates down the hill the potential
energy is converted into kinetic energy.
 When does the train on
this roller coaster has the
MOST kinetic energy?

a. When it is at rest.
b. When it is moving the
fastest/accelerates.
c. When it decelerates.
 When does it has
the LEAST
potential energy?
a. At the top of the hill.
b. At the bottom of the
hill.
c. At the middle of the
hill.
KEY TAKE-AWAY!
Work is defined as a force acting upon an object
to cause a displacement .
W= F x d cos 
W=F x d
Potential Energy = “Stored Energy”

Kinetic Energy = “Motion Energy”

KE = 1/2 mv2
KEY TAKE-AWAY!
THE FASTER THE OBJECT MOVES; THE MORE
KINETIC ENERGY IS PRODUCED.
THE GREATER THE MASS AND SPEED OF AN
OBJECT, THE MORE KINETIC ENERGY THERE WILL
BE.
THE HIGHER AN OBJECT, THE MORE POTENTIAL
ENERGY.
THE MORE MASS AN OBJECT HAS, THE MORE
POTENTIAL ENERGY IT HAS.
POWER
POWER is the time rate of doing work
Work Done
Average Power 
Time
W

t
Force * Dis tan ce

Time
 Force * Velocity
Power is simply energy exchanged per unit time,
or how fast you get work done (watts = joules/sec)

 1 watt (W) = 1 J/sec

Perform 100 J of work in 1 s, and call it 100 W
 1Horsepower (hp)= 745 W

1MW=10^6 W 1GW=10^9 W
= 10^3 kW = 10^6 kW
=1341.02hp =10^3 MW
POWER CALCULATION
1. A 5 kg cart is pushed by a 30 N force against
friction for 10m in 5 seconds. Determine the
power needed to move the cart.

P= F x d / t
P= 30 N (10 m) / 5 s
P = 60 N.m /s or 60 J/s
P = 60 watts
 POWER CALCULATION
2. Run upstairs, raising your 70 kg mass in 3 m
for 3 seconds. Calculate your average power.

P=W/t=F*d/t
P=686 N*3m/3s
P= 686 N.m/s or 686 J/s
P= 686 W
SUMMARY

• ENERGY IS THE ABILITY TO MOVE OR SIMPLY THE ABILITY TO DO

WORK.

• POTENTIAL IS STORED ENERGY (STATICS)

• DEPENDENT ON HEIGHT
• KINETIC IS MOVING ENERGY (DYNAMICS)
• DEPENDENT ON VELOCITY
• POWER IS HOW FAST THE WORK IS DONE.
 THANK YOU 
Prepared by: DANNILYN A. ALLAM
Teacher 1, QCSHS