Learning Objective:

Date______________________
To understand work done, GPE and KE

Work done and Stored

Success Criteria:
I can state what work
energies
done is and the
1-
equation linking work
done, force and
distance 2-

I can calculate GPE 3-

and KE
4- 
I can explain the
energy transfer in a
bungee jumper using
the calculation for
work, GPE and KE
Keywords:
In Terms of Physics, What is Happening
Here?
 Work
• Work is done when there is movement against
an opposing force. Work done is equal to the
amount of energy transferred
 Progress check 1
• What is work done?

• Challenge: how is work done different to

power?
 Whiteboard check
• What is work done?
 Learning Objective:
To understand work done, GPE and KE

Success Criteria:
I can state what work
done is and the
equation linking work
done, force and
distance

I can calculate GPE

and KE

I can explain the

energy transfer in a
bungee jumper using
the calculation for
work, GPE and KE
 Calculating Work Done
• Work done = force x distance moved
(J) (N) (m)

1. What is work done on an object if a

force of 300N moves it 8m?
2. How much work is done if an object of
900kg is moved up 100m by a crane?
 Question 1
• What is work done on an object if a
force of 300N moves it 8m?
• Work done = force x distance moved

• Work = 300 x 8
• Work = 2400 J
 Question 2
• How much work is done if an object of 900kg
is moved up 100m by a crane?

• Force = mass x acceleration

• F = 900 x 9.8
• F = 8820N

• Work done = force x distance moved

• Work done = 8820 x 100
• Work = 882 kJ
Which Car Has the Most Power?
WRONG!!!!
This is not the Physics
definition of power.
 Which Car Has the Most Power?
• Same weight.
• Same hill.
• Same amount of work.
 Power
• Power = work done
time taken

• Power = watts (W)

 Questions
1. A cat who cat weighs 40N climbs a
tree that is 15m tall in 10s. Calculate
the work done by the cat and the cat’s
power.
2. Oliver weighs 600N. He climbs a flight
of stairs that is 3.0m tall in 4.0
seconds. What was Oliver’s power in
watts?
 Progress check 2
• Complete the worksheet on work done and power
calculations. Work your way up to the super challenge
 Learning Objective:
To understand work done, GPE and KE

Success Criteria:
I can state what work
done is and the
equation linking work
done, force and
distance

I can calculate GPE

and KE

I can explain the

energy transfer in a
bungee jumper using
the calculation for
work, GPE and KE
https://ukbungee.co.uk/experiences/
bridge-bungee-jump
 Energy transfers in a bungee jump

What energy transfers occur as he jumps?

Initially he has gravitational potential
energy because he is high up.
As he falls, this is transferred mechanically
to kinetic energy.
As the bungee cord stretches, KE is
transferred mechanically to elastic
potential energy.
Then back to KE as the cord contracts.
Then to GPE as he bounces back up…
Gradually, thermal energy is dissipated to
the surroundings and he stops bouncing!
 Gravitational Potential Energy

The gravitational potential energy is the

energy stored in an object due to its height
above the surface of the Earth.
 How is GPE calculated?
The GPE of an object can be calculated using this equation:
GPE (J) = mass x grav. field strength x height
= m (kg) g (N/kg) h (m)

Or we can write it like this

GPE (J) = weight x height
= W (N) x h (m)
(because W = m x g)
 Gravitational Potential Energy example

A person has a mass of 96kg. Calculate

his gravitational potential energy before he
jumps from the 134m high platform.
GPE = 96 kg x 10 N/kg x134m
GPE = 128,640J
 Worked example
Wile coyote weighs 500 N and is about to fall 200 m to
the ground, how much GPE / Ep does he have just as
he goes off the edge of the cliff ?
GPE of Wile

Ep = weight x height

= 500 N x 200 m

= 100 000 J
 Worked example
Road Runner has a mass of 2 kg and is about to fall 200 m to the
ground, how much GPE / Ep does she have just before she
falls ?
GPE of Road Runner
Don’t forget, g = 10 N/kg
Ep = mass x gravity x height

= 2 x 10 x 200

= 4000 J
 Example calculation
A bowling ball is raised above the
Earth’s surface by 2m and has a
mass of 5.5kg. How much
gravitational potential energy is
2m stored by the ball?

m=
g=
h=
GPE = ?
 Example calculation
A bowling ball is raised above the
Earth’s surface by 2m and has a
mass of 5.5kg. How much
gravitational potential energy is
2m stored by the ball?

m = 5.5 kg GPE = m x g x h
g = 10 N/kg GPE = 5.5 x 10 x 2
h=2m GPE = 110J
GPE = ?
 Example calculation 2
A book is on a 1.5m
high table and has 45J
of energy stored due
1.5m to its vertical height.
What is its mass?

m=?
g=
h=
GPE =
 Example calculation 2
A book is on a 1.5m
high table and has 45J
of energy stored due
1.5m to its vertical height.
What is its mass?

m=? GPE = m x g x h
g = 10 N/kg 45 = m x 10 x 1.5
h = 1.5 m 45 = m x 15
GPE = 45J 45/15 = m
3kg = m
 Example calculation 3
An astronaut is in her Mars
explorer vehicle 3.5m above the
surface of Mars. Her mass is 60kg
3.5m and the gravitational potential
energy store due to her height is
840J. Calculate the gravitational
field strength on Mars.
m=
g =
h=
GPE =
 Example calculation 3
An astronaut is in her Mars
explorer vehicle 3.5m above the
surface of Mars. Her mass is 60kg
3.5m and the gravitational potential
energy store due to her height is
840J. Calculate the gravitational
field strength on Mars.
m = 60 kg GPE = m x g x h
840 = 60 x g x 3.5
g =?
840 = g x 210
h = 3.5 m 840/120 = g
GPE = 840 J 4N/kg = g
 Example calculation 4
An astronaut on the Apollo 15 mission
to the moon dropped a hammer of
mass 2 kg onto the surface of the
moon. The gravitational field strength
on the moon is 1.6N/kg and the GPE
store was 2.56J. What was the height
the hammer was raised to?
m=
g=
h=
GPE =
 Example calculation 4
An astronaut on the Apollo 15 mission
to the moon dropped a hammer of
mass 2 kg onto the surface of the
moon. The gravitational field strength
on the moon is 1.6N/kg and the GPE
store was 2.56J. What was the height
the hammer was raised to?
m = 2 kg GPE = m x g x h
g = 1.6 N/kg 2.56 = 2 x 1.6 x h
h=? 2.56 = 3.2 x h
GPE = 2.56 J 2.56/3.2 = h
0.8m = h
YOU DO -
 Kinetic Energy - Ek

Kinetic Energy is the energy

that an object has due to its
motion
 Kinetic Energy - Ek
The KE of an object can be found using the following formula

Kinetic Energy = ½ x mass x velocity2

Or in symbols
KE = ½ mv2
 Example calculation 1

A student (mass 60kg) is walking very

slowly to their RE lesson (0.5m/s).
Calculate their kinetic energy.
 Example calculation 1

A student (mass 60kg) is walking very

slowly to their RE lesson (0.5m/s).
Calculate their kinetic energy.

m = 60kg KE = ½ x m x v²
v = 0.5 m/s
KE = ? KE = ½ x 60 x 0.52
KE = ½ x 60 x 0.25
KE = ½ x 15
 Example calculation 2

How much kinetic energy does the same

student (60kg) have when they are
running to their lunch at 2m/s.

m=
v=
KE =
 Example calculation 2

How much kinetic energy does the same

student (60kg) have when they are
running to their lunch at 2m/s.

m = 60kg KE = ½ x m x v²
v = 0.5 m/s
KE = ? KE = ½ x 60 x 22
KE = ½ x 60 x 4
KE = ½ x 240
KE = 120 J
 Example calculation 3

How much kinetic energy does a 72kg

athlete have when they are running at
7.5m/s

m=
v=
KE =
 Example calculation 3

How much kinetic energy does a 72kg

athlete have when they are running at
7.5m/s

m = 72kg KE = ½ x m x v²
v = 7.5 m/s
KE = ? KE = ½ x 72 x 7.5
KE = ½ x 72 x 56.25
KE = 2025 J
 Example calculation 4
A train has 150,000J kinetic
energy stored with a
velocity of 10m/s. What is
the mass of the train?

m=
v=
KE =
 Example calculation 4
A train has 150,000J kinetic
energy stored with a
velocity of 10m/s. What is
the mass of the train?

KE = ½ x m x v²
m=?
150,000 = ½ x m x 10²
v = 10 m/s
150,000 = ½ x m x 100
KE = 150,000J
150,000 = m x 50
150,000/50 = m
3,000kg = m
 Example calculation 5
A toy car has 2.0J of kinetic
energy when it is pushed at
4 m/s. Calculate its mass.

m=
v=
KE =
 Example calculation 5
A toy car has 2.0J of kinetic
energy when it is pushed at
4 m/s. Calculate its mass.

KE = ½ x m x v²
m=?
2 = ½ x m x 4²
v = 4 m/s
2 = ½ x m x 16
KE = 2J
2=mx8
2/8 = m
m = 0.25kg
Example calculation 6
A toy boat has a mass of 3.5kg
and has 15.75J of stored kinetic
energy. What is its velocity?
 Example calculation 6
A toy boat has a mass of 3.5kg
and has 15.75J of stored kinetic
energy. What is its velocity?

KE = ½ x m x v²
m = 3.5 kg 15.75= ½ x 3.5 x v²
v=? 15.75 = 1.75 x v²
15.75/1.75 = v²
KE = 15.75J
9 = v²
√9 = v
3 m/s = v
 Example calculation 7
A toy car has a mass of 0.25kg
and has 4.5J of stored kinetic
energy. What is its velocity?

m=
v=
KE =
 Example calculation 7
A toy car has a mass of 0.25kg
and has 4.5J of stored kinetic
energy. What is its velocity?

KE = ½ x m x v²
m = 0.25 kg 4.5J= ½ x 0.25 x v²
v=? 4.5 = 1.75 x v²
4.5/0.125 = v²
KE = 15.75J
36 = v²
√36 = v
6 m/s = v
PROGRESS CHECK 2
The KE is converted to
other forms of energy
such as heat sound
and maybe light
KE = ½ m v2
= ½ 4 x 22
=½ 4x4
=8J
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed, only converted
from one form to another. No
the situation is not real as
some is always lost to the
surroundings.
GPE = w h
= 2x5
= 10 J
KE = 10 J
as KE leaving catapult
must equal maximum GPE
(top of flight)
KE = ½ x mass x vel2
KE – joules J
m – kilograms kg KE = ½ m v2
v - Metres per sec, m/s
KE = ½ m v2 As the velocity
= ½ 4 x 42 doubles, the KE
= ½ 4 x 16 quadruples as it is
= 32 J proportional to v2
m = 2KE / v2 V = √(2 KE /m)
= 2 x 2 MJ / 5 2 = √(2 x 4000 /75)
= 160 000kg = 10.33 m/s
Work= F s
The total amount of energy
F = Work / s remains the same, as the
= 360 kJ / 90 carriage goes up, KE is
= 4000 N converted to GPE and the
carriage slows.
The KE becomes heat / light /
sound. The sum of the GPE and KE
will always be the same
m = 2 KE / v2
= 2 x 360 kJ/ 30 2
= 800 kg
 Progress Check
The unit of GPE is

• joule
• calorie
• newton
• metre
 Progress Check
The unit of GPE is

• joule
• calorie
• newton
• metre
 Progress Check
The equation for GPE is

• GPE = mass / height

• GPE = height / weight
• GPE = weight x height
• GPE = mass x height
 Progress Check
The equation for GPE is

• GPE = mass / height

• GPE = height / weight
• GPE = weight x height
• GPE = mass x height
 Progress Check
The unit for height is

• joule
• metre
• kilogram
• newton
 Progress Check
The unit for height is

• joule
• metre
• kilogram
• newton
 Progress Check
As an object falls, it

• gains GPE
• loses GPE
• gains EPE
• loses EPE
 Progress Check
As an object falls, it

• gains GPE
• loses GPE
• gains EPE
• loses EPE
 Progress Check
As an object falls, it

• gains KE
• loses KE
• gains EPE
• loses EPE
 Progress Check
As an object falls, it

• gains KE
• loses KE
• gains EPE
• loses EPE
 Progress Check
The unit for weight is

• joule
• metre
• kilogram
• newton
 Progress Check
The unit for weight is

• joule
• metre
• kilogram
• newton
 Progress Check
The unit for mass is

• joule
• metre
• kilogram
• newton
 Progress Check
The unit for mass is

• joule
• metre
• kilogram
• newton
 Learning Objective:
To understand work done, GPE and KE

Success Criteria:
I can state what work
done is and the
equation linking work
done, force and
distance

I can calculate GPE

and KE

I can explain the

energy transfer in a
bungee jumper using
the calculation for
work, GPE and KE
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE
Gravitational potential energy
When you lift an object up . . .
. . . you increase its gravitational potential energy.
change in gravitational potential energy
= weight  vertical height difference
Transferring energy between KE
and GPE
Falling
If you let the object fall . . .
. . . it loses gravitational potential
energy . . .
. . . and gains kinetic energy.
kinetic energy = ½  mass  speed2
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example
A 1kg bag of flour is 2m above
the ground.
We can calculate the gravitational
potential energy:
gravitational potential energy
= 1 x 10 x 2
=20 J
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example
Imagine dropping the 1kg bag of flour
As it falls, it loses gravitational potential
energy . . .
. . . and gains kinetic energy
gain in kinetic energy
= loss of gravitational potential energy
= 20 J

What assumption have we made?

All the GPE is converted to KE and none is wasted as thermal energy (we have
ignored air resistance).
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

What speed does it reach?

kinetic energy = 20 J
½  1  v2 = 20 J
1  v2 = 40
speed2 = 40/1
speed = √40 m/s
speed = 6.32 m/s
Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

1kg
Calculate the gravitational potential
energy of the ball.

3.2m
Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example
Calculate the gravitational potential
energy of the ball.
1kg
gravitational potential energy
= m x g x h
= 1 x 10 x 3.2
=32J
3.2m
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

1kg

What is the kinetic energy of the ball just

before it hits the ground?

3.2m
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

What is the kinetic energy of the ball just 1kg

before it hits the ground?
Kinetic energy
= change in gravitational potential energy
=32J
3.2m
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

1kg
What is the speed of the ball just before
it hits the ground?

3.2m
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example
What is the speed of the ball just before
it hits the ground?
1kg
Kinetic energy = 32J
½  m  v2 = 32 J
½  1  v2 = 32 J
v2 = 32 x 2
v2 = 64 3.2m
v = 8 m/s
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

A book of mass 2kg falls off a shelf 0.8m from

the ground.
(g = 10N/kg)

1. Calculate the change in gravitational potential

energy of the book.
2. State the kinetic energy of the book just
before it hits the ground.
3. Calculate the speed of the book just before it
hits the ground.
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example
A book of mass 2kg falls off a shelf 0.8m from
the ground.
(g = 10N/kg)

1. Calculate the change in gravitational potential

energy of the book. 𝐺𝑃𝐸 =𝑚𝑔h =2 ×10 × 0.8=16 𝐽
2. State the kinetic energy of the book just16 𝐽
before it hits the ground.
3. Calculate the speed of the book just before it
hits the ground.

V=4m/s
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example

1. A football of mass 0.5kg is kicked upwards.

Initially it has a vertical velocity of 6m/s.
Calculate its initial kinetic energy.
2. State the gravitational energy of the ball at
its highest point before it begins to fall back
down.
3. Calculate the height that the ball reaches
(g = 10N/kg).
 Transferring energy between KE
and GPE example
1. A football of mass 0.5kg is kicked
2 2
upwards. Initially it has a vertical
𝑚𝑣 0.5 ×6
velocity of 6m/s. Calculate its
𝐾𝐸= = =9 𝐽
initial kinetic energy.
2 2
2.State the gravitational energy of
the ball at its highest point before
it begins to fall back down.
9
3.Calculate the height that the ball 𝐽
reaches (g = 10N/kg).
 Challenging Question
What are the changes in the way energy is stored during a
bungee jump?

 What energy store does the person have just before they
jump?
 Describe the energy transfers as they fall.
 In which energy store is the energy when they are at their
lowest point?
 Why do they bounce back to a lower height than they
began?
 Where has the energy been transferred to when they stop
bouncing?
 Give an example: a bungee jumper of mass 70kg jumps
from a height of 125m. Calculate their initial GPE, the
maximum KE they could gain and the maximum speed
they could reach when they fall.
 Challenging Question
 Initially they have GPE
 As they fall GPE is converted to KE mechanically (by the
force of gravity). When the cord starts to stretch, KE is
converted to elastic potential energy. Some energy will be
wasted as thermal energy.
 The energy is in the elastic potential energy of the stretched
cord at their lowest point.
 They bounce back to a lower height because some of the
energy has been wasted as thermal energy so they will have
a lower GPE at the top of their bounce than they had initially.
 They stop bouncing when all the energy has been transferred
to thermal energy and dissipated into the surroundings.
 GPE = 70 x 10 x 125 =87500J
 Maximum KE = 87500J
 87500 = ½ x 70 x v2 v2 = 2 x 87500/70 = 2500 v = 50 m/s
 Exam questions
Q1. A car has a mass of 1300 kg.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when it is travelling at 20 m/s.

(2)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

Q2. A model train has a mass of 8.0 kg.

It travels at a speed of 1.5 m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the model train.
(3)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

 Exam questions
Q1. A car has a mass of 1300 kg.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when it is travelling at 20 m/s.

(2)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

Q2. A model train has a mass of 8.0 kg.

It travels at a speed of 1.5 m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the model train.
(3)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

 Exam questions
 Q3. Figure 7 shows a skier going down a hill.
She descends through a vertical height of 200 m.

The skier's mass is 65 kg.

(i)  Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy.
Take the gravitational field strength, g, as 10 N / kg. (2)
change in gravitational potential energy = ........................................................... J
(ii)  At the bottom of the slope her speed was 36 m/s.
Calculate her kinetic energy at the bottom of the slope. (3)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J
 Exam questions
 Q3. Figure 7 shows a skier going down a hill.
She descends through a vertical height of 200 m.

The skier's mass is 65 kg.

(i)  Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy.
Take the gravitational field strength, g, as 10 N / kg. (2)
change in gravitational potential energy = ........................................................... J
(ii)  At the bottom of the slope her speed was 36 m/s.
Calculate her kinetic energy at the bottom of the slope. (3)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J
 Exam questions
 Q4. Some technicians are investigating factors affecting the braking distance of a
bicycle.
They start by investigating how the speed of a bicycle affects the braking
distance.
(i) When the bicycle is travelling at a speed of 15 m/s, the kinetic energy (KE) of a
cyclist and the bicycle is 9300 J.
Calculate the mass of the cyclist and the bicycle.
(3)
mass = ........................................................... kg

(ii)  Describe the energy transfer that takes place as this cyclist brakes.

(2)
 
 Exam questions
 Q4. Some technicians are investigating factors affecting the braking distance of a
bicycle.
They start by investigating how the speed of a bicycle affects the braking
distance.
(i) When the bicycle is travelling at a speed of 15 m/s, the kinetic energy (KE) of a
cyclist and the bicycle is 9300 J.
Calculate the mass of the cyclist and the bicycle.
(3)
mass = ........................................................... kg

(ii)  Describe the energy transfer that takes place as this cyclist brakes.

(2)
 
 Exam questions
Q5. Figure 13 shows two ice skaters during a performance.

(i)  The two ice skaters are travelling together in a straight line at 3.50 m/s.
Their total momentum is 371 kgm/s.
The man has a mass of 64.5 kg.
Calculate the mass of the woman. (4)
mass = ........................................................... kg
(ii)  Calculate the kinetic energy of the man. (2)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J
 Exam questions
Q5. Figure 13 shows two ice skaters during a performance.

(i)  The two ice skaters are travelling together in a straight line at 3.50 m/s.
Their total momentum is 371 kgm/s.
The man has a mass of 64.5 kg.
Calculate the mass of the woman. (4)
mass = ........................................................... kg
(ii)  Calculate the kinetic energy of the man. (2)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J