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Physics: Work, Energy, and Power

Work is defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. There are three conditions for work to be done: a force must be applied, an object must be displaced, and the displacement must be in the direction of the force applied. Work-energy theorem states that work done on an object changes its kinetic energy. Specifically, work done equals the change in kinetic energy of an object. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done and the relationship is that power equals work divided by time.

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479 views2 pages

Physics: Work, Energy, and Power

Work is defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. There are three conditions for work to be done: a force must be applied, an object must be displaced, and the displacement must be in the direction of the force applied. Work-energy theorem states that work done on an object changes its kinetic energy. Specifically, work done equals the change in kinetic energy of an object. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done and the relationship is that power equals work divided by time.

Uploaded by

MGPagaduan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Work

 Operationally defined as the product of the magnitude of the displacement multiplied by the
component of the force parallel to the displacement.

 W = Fd W = FcosӨd

W = mgh

 Where: W=work g= gravity

m=mass h=height

F= force d= displacement

Ө= angle

Conditions for Work to be done:

1. There must be a force acting on the object.

2. The object has to move a certain distance called displacement.

3. There must be a movement in the direction of the force.

Energy

 Defined as the ability to do work

 A quantity that can be transformed from one form to another

Kinetic Energy

 A form of energy associated with the motion of a particle, single body or systems of objects
moving together
 KE=mv2/2

Potential Energy

 Energy of a system due to its position, shape or configuration.


 Stored energy that is completely recoverable
 PE=mgh

Work-Energy Theorem

A constant horizontal force (F) can displace a body through a horizontal distance (d). The work done by
this force on the body is

(1) W=Fd

From Newton’s Second Law of motion, F=ma, it becomes

(2) W=mad.

The kinematic equation tells us that

(3) a = vf2-vi2/2d.

Substituting (3) to (2)


𝑚(𝑣𝑓2−𝑣𝑖2)
(4) W= 2𝑑
𝑑

Simplifying,
𝑚𝑣𝑓2 𝑚𝑣𝑖2
(5) W= 2
− 2
Therefore, work is equal to the change in kinetic energy. Work done on a body changes its motion. This
relation is an evidence of work done on a system to its energy. This is also called work-energy theorem.

Power

 The rate of doing work


𝑊
 P= 𝑡 , where P is power, W is work and t is time.

Practice Exercises

1. A force of 35 N is needed to keep a 5 kg body moving at constant speed of 7.5 m/s. What power
is needed to sustain the motion of the mass?
2. Jane is initially walking at a certain speed so that her kinetic energy is 150 J. Then, the rain starts
to fall and Jane runs at a rate of 4.2m/s. She has a mass of 50kg. What is her initial speed before
the rain starts? Find the change in Jane’s kinetic energy when she starts running.
3. A shopper pushes her 25 kg grocery cart by a force of 225N inclined at an angle of 60 degrees
with the horizontal through a distance of 7.5 m. Find the work done by the 225N force and
friction. Assume that the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.32.

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