Topic 5 Part 2 [264 marks]
The diagram below shows the probabilities for events A and B , with
P(A′ ) = p .
1a. Write down the value of p .
[1 mark]
1b. Find [3 marks]
P(B) .
1c. Find
[3 marks]
P(A′ |B) .
Consider the events A and B, where
P(A) = 0.5 ,
P(B) = 0.7 and
P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 .
The Venn diagram below shows the events A and B, and the probabilities p, q and r.
2a.
Write down the value of [3 marks]
(i) p;
(ii) q ;
(iii) r.
2b.
Find the value of [2 marks]
P(A|B′ ) .
2c. Hence, or otherwise, show that the events A and B are not independent.
[1 mark]
José travels to school on a bus. On any day, the probability that José will miss the bus is
1
3
.
If he misses his bus, the probability that he will be late for school is
7
8
.
If he does not miss his bus, the probability that he will be late is
3
8
.
Let E be the event “he misses his bus” and F the event “he is late for school”.
The information above is shown on the following tree diagram.
3a.
Find [4 marks]
(i)
P(E ∩ F) ;
(ii)
P(F) .
3b.
Find the probability that [5 marks]
(i) José misses his bus and is not late for school;
(ii) José missed his bus, given that he is late for school.
3c.
The cost for each day that José catches the bus is 3 euros. José goes to school on Monday and Tuesday. [3 marks]
Copy and complete the probability distribution table.
3d.
The cost for each day that José catches the bus is 3 euros. José goes to school on Monday and Tuesday. [2 marks]
Find the expected cost for José for both days.
A standard die is rolled 36 times. The results are shown in the following table.
4a.
Write down the standard deviation. [2 marks]
4b.
Write down the median score. [1 mark]
4c.
Find the interquartile range. [3 marks]
A test has five questions. To pass the test, at least three of the questions must be answered correctly.
The probability that Mark answers a question correctly is
1
5
. Let X be the number of questions that Mark answers correctly.
5a.
(i) Find E(X ) . [6 marks]
(ii) Find the probability that Mark passes the test.
Bill also takes the test. Let Y be the number of questions that Bill answers correctly.
The following table is the probability distribution for Y .
5b.
(i) Show that [8 marks]
4a + 2b = 0.24 .
(ii) Given that
E(Y ) = 1 , find a and b .
5c.
Find which student is more likely to pass the test. [3 marks]
The following frequency distribution of marks has mean 4.5.
6a.
Find the value of x. [4 marks]
6b.
Write down the standard deviation. [2 marks]
Evan likes to play two games of chance, A and B.
For game A, the probability that Evan wins is 0.9. He plays game A seven times.
7a.
Find the probability that he wins exactly four games. [2 marks]
For game B, the probability that Evan wins is p . He plays game B seven times.
7b.
Write down an expression, in terms of p , for the probability that he wins exactly four games. [2 marks]
7c.
Hence, find the values of p such that the probability that he wins exactly four games is 0.15. [3 marks]
The weights of players in a sports league are normally distributed with a mean of
76.6 kg, (correct to three significant figures). It is known that
80% of the players have weights between
68 kg and
82 kg. The probability that a player weighs less than
68 kg is 0.05.
8a.
Find the probability that a player weighs more than [2 marks]
82 kg.
8b.
(i) Write down the standardized value, z, for [4 marks]
68 kg.
(ii) Hence, find the standard deviation of weights.
8c.
To take part in a tournament, a player’s weight must be within 1.5 standard deviations of the mean. [5 marks]
(i) Find the set of all possible weights of players that take part in the tournament.
(ii) A player is selected at random. Find the probability that the player takes part in the tournament.
8d.
Of the players in the league, [4 marks]
25% are women. Of the women,
70% take part in the tournament.
Given that a player selected at random takes part in the tournament, find the probability that the selected player is a woman.
The following table gives the examination grades for 120 students.
9a.
Find the value of [4 marks]
(i) p;
(ii) q .
9b.
Find the mean grade. [2 marks]
9c.
Write down the standard deviation. [1 mark]
Let the random variable X be normally distributed with mean 25, as shown in the following diagram.
The shaded region between 25 and 27 represents
30% of the distribution.
10a. Find [2 marks]
P(X > 27) .
10b.
Find the standard deviation of X . [5 marks]
Two fair 4-sided dice, one red and one green, are thrown. For each die, the faces are labelled 1, 2, 3, 4. The score for each die is the
number which lands face down.
11a.
List the pairs of scores that give a sum of 6. [3 marks]
11b.
The probability distribution for the sum of the scores on the two dice is shown below. [3 marks]
Find the value of p , of q , and of r .
11c. Fred plays a game. He throws two fair 4-sided dice four times. He wins a prize if the sum is 5 on three or more throws. [6 marks]
Find the probability that Fred wins a prize.
Let A and B be independent events, where
P(A) = 0.6 and
P(B) = x .
12a.
Write down an expression for [1 mark]
P(A ∩ B) .
12b.
Given that [4 marks]
P(A ∪ B) = 0.8 ,
(i) find x ;
(ii) find
P(A ∩ B) .
12c. Hence, explain why A and B are not mutually exclusive.
[1 mark]
The following is a cumulative frequency diagram for the time t, in minutes, taken by 80 students to complete a task.
13a.
Write down the median. [1 mark]
13b.
Find the interquartile range. [3 marks]
13c.
Complete the frequency table below. [2 marks]
Let X be normally distributed with mean 100 cm and standard deviation 5 cm.
14a.
On the diagram below, shade the region representing [2 marks]
P(X > 105) .
14b. Given that [2 marks]
P(X < d) = P(X > 105) , find the value of
d.
14c.
Given that [2 marks]
P(X > 105) = 0.16 (correct to two significant figures), find
P(d < X < 105) .
In a class of 100 boys, 55 boys play football and 75 boys play rugby. Each boy must play at least one sport from football and rugby.
15a.
(i) Find the number of boys who play both sports. [3 marks]
(ii) Write down the number of boys who play only rugby.
15b.
One boy is selected at random. [4 marks]
(i) Find the probability that he plays only one sport.
(ii) Given that the boy selected plays only one sport, find the probability that he plays rugby.
15c.
Let A be the event that a boy plays football and B be the event that a boy plays rugby. [2 marks]
Explain why A and B are not mutually exclusive.
15d. Show that A and B are not independent.
[3 marks]
A multiple choice test consists of ten questions. Each question has five answers. Only one of the answers is correct. For each
question, Jose randomly chooses one of the five answers.
16a.
Find the expected number of questions Jose answers correctly. [1 mark]
16b.
Find the probability that Jose answers exactly three questions correctly. [2 marks]
16c.
Find the probability that Jose answers more than three questions correctly. [3 marks]
17.
Consider the independent events A and B . Given that [7 marks]
P(B) = 2P(A) , and
P(A ∪ B) = 0.52 , find
P(B) .
The letters of the word PROBABILITY are written on 11 cards as shown below.
Two cards are drawn at random without replacement.
Let A be the event the first card drawn is the letter A.
Let B be the event the second card drawn is the letter B.
18a.
Find [1 mark]
P(A) .
18b.
Find [2 marks]
P(B|A) .
18c.
Find [3 marks]
P(A ∩ B) .
A random variable X is distributed normally with mean 450 and standard deviation 20.
19a.
Find [2 marks]
P(X ≤ 475) .
19b.
Given that [4 marks]
P(X > a) = 0.27 , find
a.
A fisherman catches 200 fish to sell. He measures the lengths, l cm of these fish, and the results are shown in the frequency table
below.
20a.
Calculate an estimate for the standard deviation of the lengths of the fish. [3 marks]
20b.
A cumulative frequency diagram is given below for the lengths of the fish. [6 marks]
Use the graph to answer the following.
(i) Estimate the interquartile range.
(ii) Given that
40% of the fish have a length more than
k cm, find the value of k.
20c.
In order to sell the fish, the fisherman classifies them as small, medium or large. [2 marks]
Small fish have a length less than
20 cm.
Medium fish have a length greater than or equal to
20 cm but less than
60 cm.
Large fish have a length greater than or equal to
60 cm.
Write down the probability that a fish is small.
20d.
The cost of a small fish is [2 marks]
$4, a medium fish
$10, and a large fish
$12.
Copy and complete the following table, which gives a probability distribution for the cost
$X .
20e.
Find [2 marks]
E(X) .
Two boxes contain numbered cards as shown below.
Two cards are drawn at random, one from each box.
21a.
Copy and complete the table below to show all nine equally likely outcomes. [2 marks]
21b.
Let S be the sum of the numbers on the two cards. [2 marks]
Find the probability of each value of S.
21c.
Find the expected value of S. [3 marks]
21d.
Anna plays a game where she wins [3 marks]
$50 if S is even and loses
$30 if S is odd.
Anna plays the game 36 times. Find the amount she expects to have at the end of the 36 games.
The following diagram is a box and whisker plot for a set of data.
The interquartile range is 20 and the range is 40.
22a.
Write down the median value. [1 mark]
22b.
Find the value of [4 marks]
(i)
a;
(ii)
b.
A van can take either Route A or Route B for a particular journey.
If Route A is taken, the journey time may be assumed to be normally distributed with mean 46 minutes and a standard deviation 10
minutes.
If Route B is taken, the journey time may be assumed to be normally distributed with mean
μ minutes and standard deviation 12 minutes.
23a. For Route A, find the probability that the journey takes more than
[2 marks]
60 minutes.
23b. For Route B, the probability that the journey takes less than
[3 marks]
60 minutes is
0.85.
Find the value of
μ.
23c.
The van sets out at 06:00 and needs to arrive before 07:00. [3 marks]
(i) Which route should it take?
(ii) Justify your answer.
23d.
On five consecutive days the van sets out at 06:00 and takes Route B. Find the probability that [5 marks]
(i) it arrives before 07:00 on all five days;
(ii) it arrives before 07:00 on at least three days.
Jan plays a game where she tosses two fair six-sided dice. She wins a prize if the sum of her scores is 5.
24a.
Jan tosses the two dice once. Find the probability that she wins a prize. [3 marks]
24b.
Jan tosses the two dice 8 times. Find the probability that she wins 3 prizes. [2 marks]
Paula goes to work three days a week. On any day, the probability that she goes on a red bus is
1
4
.
25a.
Write down the expected number of times that Paula goes to work on a red bus in one week. [2 marks]
25b.
In one week, find the probability that she goes to work on a red bus on exactly two days. [2 marks]
25c.
In one week, find the probability that she goes to work on a red bus on at least one day. [3 marks]
There are nine books on a shelf. For each book, x is the number of pages, and y is the selling price in pounds (£). Let r be the
correlation coefficient.
26a.
Write down the possible minimum and maximum values of r . [2 marks]
26b. Given that [1 mark]
r = 0.95 , which of the following diagrams best represents the data.
26c. For the data in diagram D , which two of the following expressions describe the correlation between x and y ?
[2 marks]
perfect, zero, linear, strong positive, strong negative, weak positive, weak negative
A data set has a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of 6.
27a.
Each value in the data set has 10 added to it. Write down the value of [2 marks]
(i) the new mean;
(ii) the new standard deviation.
27b.
Each value in the original data set is multiplied by 10. [3 marks]
(i) Write down the value of the new mean.
(ii) Find the value of the new variance.
Two standard six-sided dice are tossed. A diagram representing the sample space is shown below.
Let
X be the sum of the scores on the two dice.
28a.
(i) Find [6 marks]
P(X = 6) .
(ii) Find
P(X > 6) .
(iii) Find
P(X = 7|X > 6) .
28b.
Elena plays a game where she tosses two dice. [8 marks]
If the sum is 6, she wins 3 points.
If the sum is greater than 6, she wins 1 point.
If the sum is less than 6, she loses k points.
Find the value of k for which the game is fair.
A random variable X is distributed normally with mean 450. It is known that
P(X > a) = 0.27 .
29a.
Represent all this information on the following diagram. [3 marks]
29b.
Given that the standard deviation is 20, find a . Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number. [3 marks]
The probability of obtaining heads on a biased coin is 0.4. The coin is tossed 600 times.
30a. (i) Write down the mean number of heads. [4 marks]
(ii) Find the standard deviation of the number of heads.
30b. Find the probability that the number of heads obtained is less than one standard deviation away from the mean. [3 marks]
Each day, a factory recorded the number (
x ) of boxes it produces and the total production cost (
y ) dollars. The results for nine days are shown in the following table.
31a. Write down the equation of the regression line of y on x . [2 marks]
31b. Use your regression line from part (a) as a model to answer the following. [2 marks]
Interpret the meaning of
(i) the gradient;
(ii) the y-intercept.
31c.
Estimate the cost of producing 60 boxes. [2 marks]
31d.
The factory sells the boxes for $19.99 each. Find the least number of boxes that the factory should produce in one day in order[3 marks]
to make a profit.
31e.
Comment on the appropriateness of using your model to [4 marks]
(i) estimate the cost of producing 5000 boxes;
(ii) estimate the number of boxes produced when the total production cost is $540.
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2017
International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®
