IN-CLASS MATERIAL

BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Technology 6

School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

METAVERSE
PART A. WARM UP
Look at the pictures below and discuss the questions in pairs or small groups.

picture 1 picture 2

picture 3 picture 4

1. How much time do you spend on the Internet every day?

2. Do you pay for a data package for your mobile phone?

3. When was the last time you had a break from the Internet of at least one day? Why?

4. Have you ever played a virtual reality game or used a VR headset?

5. Would you pay to attend a virtual event, such as a concert or lecture? Why/why not?

1
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Technology 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

PART B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
Group 1
1. rebrand a. an idea or principle
2. buzz b. a strong negative reaction amongst a group of people to a change or new event
3. concept c. change the way a company or organisation is seen by the public
4. successor d. excited and usually positive talk about something or someone
5. backlash e. something or someone that comes after something else
1 2 3 4 5
Group 2
1. platform a. a model or representation of an object, event or problem found in the real world
2. collaborate b. remove or stop something from being published or released
3. simulation c. the improved or enhanced reality, often with the help of computer technology
4. pull d. the type of system a computer or smartphone uses
5. augmented e. work with someone else for a particular purpose
1 2 3 4 5

II. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous part.
1. There was a huge __________ against the new law with protests organised across the country.
2. Car manufacturers often create computer __________ of their products to present to the public.
3. Some software doesn’t work on the Windows __________; you’ll need a different operating
system.
4. My colleague asked me to __________ with her on a new project.
5. Some commentators believe that virtual reality is flawed as a __________.
6. Sometimes companies __________ their business after receiving negative attention in the media.
7. The mobile game Pokemon Go is a prime example of __________ reality.
8. There’s a lot of __________ around the latest Playstation console.
9. The search for a __________ to Facebook continues, with no new social network standing out.
10. The developer __________ the game after it was found to cause migraines.

2
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Technology 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

III. Discuss these questions in pairs or as a whole class.

1. Do you often collaborate with classmates at school?
2. Have you ever played an augmented reality game?
Would it interest you?
3. Can you think of an upcoming product from the tech world that has a lot of buzz around it?
4. If you had to rebrand Facebook, what would you change the name to?
5. Can you think of a time in which a company received backlash for one of its decisions?
6. Do you think it’s possible that we’re living in a simulation?
PART C. READING FOR GENERAL IDEAS
You are going to read a text about the "metaverse". Scan the text quickly and find out which
paragraph mentions each of the following items.
a. humans and machines potentially being able to work together _____
b. the idea of being inside the internet as if it was a physical place _____
c. side effects caused by virtual reality headsets _____
d. failed technology that initially received lots of media attention _____
e. a company that wants to create the next phase of the internet _____

PART D. READING COMPREHENSION

Complete the following sentences with one, two or three words from the text.
1. To put it simply, the metaverse can be described as a __________.
2. Released in 2016, the first Oculus headset __________ to play virtual reality games.
3. According to Nvidia, its "Omniverse" technology could allow
__________ to be created.
4. A potential problem with the metaverse concept is that it __________
virtual reality.
5. One of the reasons that Google Glass failed was its __________, which
many consumers couldn’t afford.

3
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Technology 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

Into the metaverse - the next step for the Internet?

1 It’s been making headlines around the world, attracting interest from global corporations and has
been called the next phase of the internet - but what is the metaverse, and is it really the next "big
thing"? In broad terms, the metaverse is a label given to a hypothetical virtual world, in which users
could connect using virtual reality headsets and take part in a variety of activities, such as watching
live concerts, conducting office meetings or socialising with friends. Facebook founder Mark
Zuckerberg describes the metaverse as a type of "embodied internet, where instead of just viewing
content - you are in it."
2Zuckerberg in particular has taken a special interest in the metaverse. Recent reports suggest that
Facebook is planning to rebrand itself with a new name related to the metaverse. The company also
announced that it is creating 10,000 jobs in the European Union with the intention of building what
Zuckerberg describes as "the successor to the mobile Internet." In 2016, Facebook released their first
Oculus headset, a device that enabled consumers to connect to virtual reality games. More recent
projects have included VR (virtual reality) apps for social and work situations, such as Facebook
Horizons, which the company heralded as a step to the metaverse.
3 Facebook isn’t the only business to have invested heavily in the concept. Roblox, a popular children’s

game, describes itself as a metaverse company. Nvidia, best known for its range of graphics cards, is
developing an Omniverse, a platform allowing threedimensional worlds to be connected in a shared
virtual universe. The company has suggested that its Omniverse could have real-world applications,
such as allowing humans and robots to collaborate. It has also suggested the technology could enable
the creation of digital twins, simulations of buildings and factories from the physical world. This is
something that is already being used in industry. Car manufacturer BMW has used Nvidia’s software
to create a future factory, allowing operators to simulate key processes. When built, the physical
factory will use the same AI (artificial intelligence) and software as the virtual factory.
4Whilst the metaverse may offer a bright future for business, is it wise to invest so heavily in an idea
that is, at best, vaguely defined? The concept hinges on virtual reality- technology which has actually
been available to consumers since the early 1990s. VR headsets have been linked with a variety of
health issues, including headaches, eye strain, blurred vision and even long-term visual problems.
They can also be prohibitively expensive and many require powerful computers or next-gen consoles
to function. Additionally, the metaverse may have to contend with "Zoom fatigue", as millions of
people around the world tire of virtual meetings and long for physical contact with colleagues, friends
and loved ones.
5 Is the metaverse, then, the next big thing? Or is it another false dawn, overhyped by tech
billionaires, soon to fizzle out? Only time will tell. Some of the technology already exists, and there
have been some early successes, such as singer Ariana Grande’s virtual concert in the online game
Fortnite, which was watched by millions around the world. On the other hand, the buzz around the
metaverse may bring back memories of Google Glass, a gadget that was supposed to bring about the

4
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Technology 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

age of AR (augmented reality). These "smart glasses" were pulled from consumer markets within a
year of release. A variety of factors were blamed for the failure, including an expensive price tag and
public backlash. Users reported feeling trapped in the online world, being unable to disconnect as
notifications popped up in their line of sight throughout the day. Perhaps we’re not quite ready to
leave reality behind just yet.
Sources: BBC, The Guardian, The Times, Reuters, The Verge

PART E. FIND THE WORDS

I. Scan through the text again to find a word that:
1. describes a physical presence in a virtual world (para 1) __________
2. has announced something in a positive way (para 2) __________
3. is a synonym for unclearly (para 4) __________
4. means extreme tiredness (para 4) __________
5. something exaggerated for marketing purposes (para 5) __________

II. Focus on Paragraph 5. Keeping the context in mind, match the phrasal verbs in bold with their
definitions below.
1. __________: abandon or move on from something
2. __________: recall something or make someone think of the past
3. __________: cause something to happen
4. __________: end gradually in a disappointing way
5. __________: appeared or happened suddenly or unexpectedly

5
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY Prep-C L While Listening 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Total English Workbook

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Seda Kaya

CASUAL FRIDAYS

Listen to the conversation and choose the correct option.

1.) A lot of businesses, in today’s world, allow their employees to get dressed casually on
Fridays, including _____.
a) big city hospitals
b) big city banks
c) bid city universities
d) big city libraries

2.) Some psychologists think that wearing casual clothes will mean that workers _____.
a) are less polite and will come to work later
b) are more polite and come to work earlier
c) will respect their bosses more
d) will work eagerly

3.) Simons believes that wearing casual clothes at work means that employees are _____.
a) more stressed and socialize less
b) less stressed and socialize more
c) more stressed and leave work earlier
d) less stressed and leave work earlier

4.) A few years ago, when they first started to wear casually on Fridays, _____.
a) the ambiance in the Office changed so negatively that sales went down
b) they liked the idea too much that they started to wear casually every day the following
year
c) the air in the workplace changed positively and sales went up
d) nobody liked it at all and they soon quit the idea altogether

5.) According to Simon, _____.

a) people should wear what they feel OK with
b) strong decision-makers all around the world still dress conservatively
c) it isn’t such a good idea to give your employees a choice to decide on what they wear
d) employees should wear suits when they go to a casual business meeting

6
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C L N T 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Contemporary Topic Intro

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

Listen to the lecture about ‘Third Culture Kids’ and take notes.

THIRD CULTURE KIDS (TCKs)

INTRODUCTION

SPEAKER’S CHILDREN’S EXPERIENCE AS TCKs

AMERICAN TRADITIONS AND GHANAIAN CULTURE

7
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C L N T 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Contemporary Topic Intro

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

GOOD EFFECTS OF BEING A TCK

1.

2.

3.

4.

PROBLEMS OF THIRD CULTURE KIDS AND REASONS OF THEM

1.

2.

3.

FEELINGS

8
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C L N T 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Contemporary Topics

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by LCs

Answer the following questions using your notes.

1. How do anthropologists study other cultures? a) by living in them

b) by reading about them
c) by learning their languages
d) by sending their children to visit them

2. The speaker’s children learned American a) their parents / Ghanaian friends and neighbours
culture from __________ and Ghanaian culture b) American friends / their parents
from __________. c) American neighbours / their friends
d) their school friends and neighbours / Ghanaian people

3. Who are Third Culture Kids (TCKs)? a) children who go to international schools
b) children who like travelling to other countries
c) children who grow up in third world countries
d) children who grow up in a culture different from their
parents’ native culture
4. What did the speaker’s children learn from a) enjoying highlife
American tradition? b) enjoying jazz music
c) enjoying being with friends
d) celebrating Ghanaian Independence Day
5. Why is being a TCK a good thing? Circle a) TCKs learn to be flexible
TWO of them. b) TCKs learn to be successful
c) TCKs learn to eat new things
d) TCKs learn to make friends quickly
e) TCKs learn to deal with the problems

6. Circle TWO problems that Third Culture a) they are unsure about their identity
Kids have. b) they are unsure about their past experience
c) they are unsure about their language ability
d) they don’t feel comfortable with their teachers
e) they may not feel socially comfortable with their
relatives
7. Why do third culture kids have fewer deep a) they don’t like making new friends
long-lasting friendships? b) they don’t like American kids there
c) they know that they will leave there at some time
d) they don’t believe that their friends are important
8. How do TCKs feel about being in a different a) they may not feel they are lonely
culture? b) they may feel completely indifferent
c) they may feel completely comfortable
d) they may not feel completely comfortable

9
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C V U6-CH 1 Ethical Dilemmas 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Kevser Bağcı-Arzu İyitanır

PART A. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box. Do NOT change the form of
the word. There is ONE extra word.

arise strikes prayer assaulted worse off union utility hardships

1. Railway workers and garbage collectors planned _______ to force the government to
raise wages and improve their working conditions.
2. To strengthen their negotiating position, the two labor unions decided to form a
strategic _______ and collaborate on shared goals.
3. Conflicts may _______ when there is a lack of clear communication between team
members.
4. She faced many _______ during her career, but her determination helped her
overcome them all.
5. After the economic downturn, many families found themselves _______ financially,
struggling to make ends meet.
6. The _______ of online learning platforms has become increasingly evident in modern
education.
7. The journalist was _______ by an angry mob while covering the protest.

PART B. Match the words in column A with their synonyms in Column B. There is ONE EXTRA
synonym in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. trustworthy ___ A. moral

2. break down ___ B. occur

3. concerned with ___ C. related to

4. ethics ___A D. minimize

5. arise ___ E. reliable

F. fail

10
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C V U6-CH 1 Ethical Dilemmas 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Kevser Bağcı-Arzu İyitanır

PART C. Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B. There is ONE
EXTRA definition in column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. hypocrite ___ A. to make something or someone change direction or go

to a different place

2. principle ___ B. to do something (wrong or illegal etc.) without being

discovered or punished

3. consistent ___ C. a moral belief that helps you know what is right and
wrong

4. get away with D. someone who pretends to have certain beliefs or

___ opinions that they do not really have – used to show
disapproval

5. divert ___ E. to increase something as much as possible

6. dilemma ___ F. behaving in the same way over time; staying the same

G. a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to

do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally
bad.

PART D. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word. Be careful about spelling.

1. Customers expect _______ in the quality of service they receive. (CONSISTENT)

2. We need to _______ our time if we want to finish the project before the deadline.
(MAXIMUM)
3. She stopped sharing personal details with him because he had proven to be _______ .
(TRUSTWORTHY)
4. It is considered _______ for a journalist to publish false information without verifying
the facts. (ETHICAL)
5. The company plans to _______ advanced technology to improve production efficiency.
(UTILITY)

11
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C v U6-CH2-Transhumanism 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Kevser Bağcı –Arzu İyitanır

PART A. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box. Do NOT change the form of the
word. There is ONE extra word.

editor implanted revealed

privilege upgrade transcend

1. During the press conference, the scientist __________ groundbreaking findings that
could revolutionize the field of renewable energy.
2. Growing up in a supportive and loving family, she recognized the __________ she
had and dedicated her life to helping those less fortunate
3. I decided to __________ my smartphone to the latest model to take advantage of its
enhanced features and improved performance.
4. In his research, he managed to __________ traditional scientific boundaries,
integrating concepts from biology and chemistry to develop a new theory.
5. The surgeon skillfully __________ the medical device into the patient's heart,
significantly improving their chances of recovery.

PART B. Match the words in column A with their antonyms in Column B. There is ONE EXTRA
antonym in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. master ____ A. disable

2. upgrade ____ B. slave

3. unforeseen ____ C. downgrade

4. enable ____ D. expected

5. nurture ____ E. nature

F. refuse

12
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C v U6-CH2-Transhumanism 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Kevser Bağcı –Arzu İyitanır

PART C. Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B. There is ONE
EXTRA definition in column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. reveal __ A. to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics

as one of your parents or grandparents
2. lifespan __ B. very similar

3. corporation __ C. a detailed description of how something is, or should be,

designed or made
4. alike __ D. the average length of time that someone will live or that
something will continue to work
5. implant __ E. to make known something that was previously secret or
unknown
6. inherit __ F. a large business company

G. to put an organ, group of cells, or device into the body in a

medical operation.

PART D. Match the words in column A with their synonyms in Column B. There is ONE EXTRA
synonym in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. shortcoming ____ A. feature

2. transcend ____ B. company

3. quality ____ C. go beyond

4. corporation ____ D. worrying

5. troubling ____ E. nature

F. weakness

13
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Conditionals 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.grammarbank.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Serhat Uzun, Tuğba Barlas

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF-CONDITIONALS)

Zero Conditional If the professor has any free time, he goes for a walk around the
(also known as the general campus.
conditional) Meaning:
Here the conjunction “if” is similar to “when(ever)”/“every
time (that)”/“any time (that)”:
When the professor has any free time, he goes for a walk
around the campus.
First Conditional If the professor has any free time today, he will go for a walk
(also known as the likely or possible around the campus.
conditional) Meaning:
Will / Does the professor have any free time today? We do not
know this. If he does, he will go for a walk around the campus.
If he does not, he will not go for a walk around the campus.
(There are two possibilities.)
Second Conditional If the professor had any free time today, he would go for a walk
(also known as the unlikely or around the campus.
improbable conditional) Meaning:
We know that the professor does not / will not have any free
time today, so he will not go for a walk around the campus.
Third Conditional If the professor had had any free time yesterday, he would have
(also known as the past or impossible gone for a walk around the campus.
conditional) Meaning:
We know that the professor did not have any free time
yesterday, so he did not go for a walk around the campus.

FIRST CONDITIONAL IF
First conditional if, also known as type one conditional, is when the condition to be met is open. The
condition statement can be met in present or future time. If the condition is met, then the dependent
follows.
If it rains, we get wet. / If it rains, we will get wet. / If it doesn't rain, we won't get wet

If it rains...
It might rain, or might not. It is an open condition. (Assuming no weather forecast information available)

Type 1 Conditional Grammar

If + Subject + simple present tense + Subject 2 + simple present/future

tense + verb

If she fails that exam, her life will change a lot.

If he has time, Arthur will tidy his room.
If it isn't her day off tomorrow, I'll go shopping alone.
If you run, you can catch the train.

14
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Conditionals 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.grammarbank.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Serhat Uzun, Tuğba Barlas

First Conditional IF with Imperative

a. If you don't feel well, don't go to the party! c. If it's cold, wear a jacket.
b. If it rains, take your umbrella! d. If you want me to be nice to you, be nice to
me.

Exercise I:

Supply the suitable forms of the verbs in brackets. (Type 1)

1. If it rains tomorrow, we __________ (stay) at home.
2. If Walter __________ (get) the job, he can earn a lot of money.
3. If it __________ (not rain) this afternoon, we will play soccer.
4. If I __________ (see) Emily, I will give her the book.
5. If you don't hurry, we __________ (be) late for class.
6. If Helen drives carefully, she __________ (not have) any accidents.
7. If you __________ (mail) the letter now, he may receive it on Friday.
8. He will go to the pharmacy if he __________ (need) some medicine.
9. If Robin __________ (drink) too much coffee, he will feel ill.
10. If you see Rachel, __________ (tell) her to visit my sister.

SECOND CONDITIONAL IF
Second conditional if, also known as type two conditional, is used for unreal situations in present or
future time. The condition statement is unreal at the moment and the dependent is impossible or
unlikely to happen.

If I were rich, I would buy a boat.

If the weather was nice, we could barbecue.

If I were rich...
I am not rich, it is not likely that I will be rich (anytime soon anyway) and buy a boat. I might win the
lottery tomorrow. (Unreal situation, improbability)
Type 2 Conditional Grammar

If + Subject + Simple Past + Subject 2 + Would / Could + Verb

a. If you listened carefully, you would understand the lecture easily.

b. If I were you, I wouldn't drive so fast.
c. If Ronald came early, he could help us.
d. If it didn't rain, we could play basketball.

Exercise II:
Supply the suitable forms of the verbs in brackets. (Type 2)
1. If Oscar had time, he __________ (take) a long holiday.
2. If Ingrid __________ (brush) her teeth regularly, she would have fewer cavities.
3. If I got up early. I __________ (be) there on time.
4. If we helped each other, we __________ (be) happier.

15
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Conditionals 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.grammarbank.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Serhat Uzun, Tuğba Barlas

5. Sam would help the poor if he __________ (be) rich.

6. The city would look more beautiful if people __________ (not throw) rubbish on the streets.
7. Neil wouldn't have the accident if he __________ (not brake) suddenly.
8. If Gary __________ (go) to bed earlier, he wouldn't feel so tired.
9. If Sally owned a car, she __________ (take) a trip to Virginia.
10. If Pamela worked harder, she __________ (probably get) a better salary.

THIRD CONDITIONAL IF (UNREAL PAST)

Third conditional if, also known as type three conditional, is used for unreal situations in the past. One
can also think of it as the imaginary case. The condition statement was unreal in the past, the condition
was not met and the dependent did not happen.

If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have barbecued.

If I had been rich, she would have come with me last July.

If the weather had been nice...

The weather was not nice, we couldn't/didn't barbecue. (Unreal/imaginary situation in past)

Type 3 Conditional Grammar

If + Subject + Past Perfect Tense + Subject 2 + would / could / should / might

+ have + V3

a. If Mr. Thompson had worn his raincoat, he wouldn't have caught a cold.
b. If I hadn't complained, I wouldn't have got my money back.
c. If Mr. Newton had had a driving license, he would have got the job easily.
d. They would have heard the news if they had listened to the radio.

These events were in the past, and with the third conditional we talk about what would have
happened if the events had happened differently or if they hadn't happened.

Exercise III:
Supply the suitable forms of the verbs in brackets. (Type 3)
1. If Mrs. Doe had been operated on immediately, her life __________ (be) saved.
2. If Jordan __________ (know) before, he could have loaned me some money!
3. If you __________ (leave) ten minutes earlier, you wouldn't have missed the train.
4. I would have helped them if one __________ (tell) me that they were in trouble.
5. I would have lent you my car if you ___________ (ask) me.
6. If we __________ (born) in the sixteenth century, our lives would have been different.
7. If John had been walking carefully, he ____________ (not fall) badly.
8. I ___________ (be angry) if you had told me the truth.

16
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Wish Clauses 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.engliswsheets.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

WISH CLAUSES
A. Wish(es) + (that) + past simple: We form wish clauses using past simple to express our
wishes or regrets for the present.
Examples :
• They wish they could go to Paris. (They really want to travel, but they can’t afford the trip
right now.)
• She wishes she had a bigger house. (She has a small house.)
• Thomas wishes he weren't a policeman. (He feels stressed by his job and wants a different
career.)
***After I/he/she/it, we can use were instead of was:
I wish I was/were taller.
John wishes he wasn't/weren't so busy.
I'm freezing. If only it wasn't/weren't so cold.
B. Wish(es) + (that) + past perfect: We form wish clauses using past perfect to express our
regrets about past situations.
Examples:
• I wish I hadn't treated John like that. (I was unfair or unkind to him, and now I regret how I
behaved.)
• Fanny wishes she had studied Physics at university. (She chose another subject, but now
she realizes she would have enjoyed Physics more.)
• He wishes he had bought a bigger car. (He chose a small one, but it’s uncomfortable or
doesn’t fit his family or needs.)
C. Wish(es) + subject + would: We form wish clauses using would to express our wishes for
the future.
Examples:
• I wish my son would study at a better high school. (Right now, he goes to an average
school, and I want him to attend one with more opportunities.)
• My mother wishes I would choose to be an engineer. (She wants me to study engineering,
but I have already decided to become a vet.)
• He wishes his girlfriend would accept his marriage proposal. (His girlfriend will probably
reject him.)

17
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Wish Clauses 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.engliswsheets.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use
contractions where possible.

1. I wish I _____________ (be) more confident when speaking in public.

2. Peter wishes he _____________ (not buy) that second-hand car. It keeps breaking
down.
3. Ashley's mother wishes she _____________ (do) well in her final exams next week.
4. Larry wishes he _____________ (be) on holiday instead of sitting in the office all day.
5. Mary feels homesick. She wishes she _____________ (be) back home with her family.
6. I wish you _____________ (help) me clean the kitchen. I’ve been doing it alone for an
hour.
7. Karen wishes her father _____________ (not travel) so much for work. She hardly sees
him.
8. It was very sunny yesterday. I wish I _____________ (take) my sunglasses with me.
9. You look really tired. I wish you _____________ (go) to bed earlier last night.
10. My dad wishes he _____________ (not forget) to bring the tickets. Now we can’t get
in.
11. We wish we _____________ (win) the match next weekend. It’s the final game of the
season.
12. Joseph wishes he _____________ (not cheat) in the exam. Now he’s in trouble.
13. I wish I _____________ (not shout) at my sister. I regret it now.
14. I wish I _____________ (know) how to fix this printer. It's not working again.

18
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Short Readings 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Serhat Uzun

TEXT I
Answer the questions according to the paragraphs.
In this century, the wealth and success of nations will depend like never before on the ability to produce
and use knowledge. Universities have long been instrumental in generating knowledge and ideas. But in
an increasingly globalized world, and in the face of rapid scientific change, they will need to think about
a set of new challenges and how best to prepare their students for the coming decades. Universities will
need to teach a new kind of literacy, in which global awareness will play an important role. They also
need to deal with the dilemmas posed by the accelerating pace of change brought on by scientific and
technological advances. We are on the brink of once-in-human-history progress in combating disease
through the application of modern science. Doctors will have at their disposal blood tests that will tell
you, with substantial predictive power, how long you will live and from what diseases you are likely to
suffer. The Internet and the application of information technology may well represent the most
profound change in the way knowledge is disseminated since the printing press. We are close to
understanding the first second of the history of the cosmos.
1) According to the passage, universities are under an obligation to ensure that their students _____.
a. have the chance to work alongside foreign students
b. are equipped to deal with the changing conditions of the coming decades
c. are introduced to international perspectives in every area of study
d. are taught not specific facts as much as broad ways of thinking

2. One point that is given considerable emphasis in the passage is _____.

a. the need of all students to get acquainted with foreign cultures and global issues
b. that the universities have a commitment to the pursuit of truth for its own sake
c. that the universities are in a position to further greater global integration
d. the incredible speed with which knowledge is increasing

3. It is clear from the passage that science and the application of science _____.
a. will not help to further global awareness
b. is largely confined within the universities
c. cannot go on advancing at this rate
d. is opening up startling new possibilities

19
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C R Short Readings 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Serhat Uzun

TEXT II
Like so many other materials in Japan, paper too has come in for many hundreds of years of artistic
consideration. At one period of the country’s history, the paper on which a poem was written was as
important as the poem itself. A thousand years ago there were whole towns actively engaged in making
paper. Such towns still exist, but there were also many farming villages which then, as they do today,
made paper to earn extra income during the winter. At present, about half of Japan’s farmers must add
to their incomes with winter jobs. Although a large amount of winter employment is provided by
construction companies, some farmers continue to work at such cottage industries as paper-making.

1. It is obvious from the passage that the art of a paper-making in Japan _______.
a. is still the most important source of income for a large part of the population
b. has disappeared owing to industrialization
c. was only practiced by the peasants in the country
d. has a long history

2. The passage emphasizes that approximately fifty percent of the farming population in Japan
_______.
a. is not satisfied with current farming policies
b. prefers town life to village life
c. engages in a secondary occupation in the winter
d. plans to give up farming and go into construction work

3. It is suggested that paper-making _______.

a. encouraged the development of poetry in Japan
b. is still one of Japan’s cottage industries
c. has seldom been regarded as an art by the Japanese
d. and construction are the two major areas of employment in Japan

20
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G C l o z e 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

CLOZE I: Why the Dinosaurs’ Extinction is an Ongoing Puzzle

Choose the correct option.

Dinosaurs ruled the world for roughly 140 million years—until they suddenly (1) ____ . While
decades of research point to an asteroid impact at the Chicxulub crater (2) ____ the cause of
the dinosaurs' extinction 66 million years ago, scientists weren't always certain (3) ____
happened to these mesmerizing creatures. Theories varied wildly (4) ____ the twentieth
century as the field of paleontology grew; (5) ____, it wasn't until the 1980s that one theory
emerged as a breakthrough in the extinction mystery. Today's scientists continue to piece
together the puzzle with discoveries (6) ____ give us a clearer picture of what happened to
the dinosaurs.
1. a. had disappeared b. disappear c. disappeared d. are disappeared
2. a. so b. in fact c. such as d. as
3. a. which b. what c. if d. that
4. a. for b. until c. since d. throughout
5. a. however b. despite c. therefore d. due to
6. a. who b. whose c. that d. why
CLOZE II: HISTORY
Choose the correct option.

History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily (1) ____ the human past. As an
academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence (2) ____ narratives about what
happened and explain why and how it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a
social science, while (3) ____ see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid
discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, (4) ____ its main
aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more
general sense, the term history refers not to an academic field (5) ____ to the past itself,
times in the past, or to individual texts about the past.
1. a. at b. for c. on d. to
2. a. to construct b. having constructed c. constructing d. construct
3. a. the other b. another c. each other d. others
4. a. what b. whether c. that d. how
5. a. no matter b. as if c. but d. so that

21
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Restatement 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Tuğba Barlas & Arzu İyitanır

Choose the option that best rewrites the given sentence.

1) Tony was going to go on a business trip in that broken-down car, but fortunately, the
company cancelled his trip.
A) Since Tony decided to take that car on the trip, the company cancelled it because it was
old.
B) Tony was supposed to go on a business trip in that rundown car, but luckily, the company
called it off.
C) The company supplied Tony with a brand‑new vehicle so he could proceed with the
scheduled business trip.
D) Tony ended up taking the business trip in that unreliable car because the company chose
not to cancel it.
2) She cautiously looked both ways before she crossed the street.
A) She looked both ways because she couldn't decide where to go.
B) Carefully looking both ways, she turned around and decided to cross the street.
C) She crossed the street so that she could look both ways.
D) Before she crossed the street, she carefully looked in both directions and then decided to
cross.
3)The best way to treat the flu is to rest in bed and drink plenty of fluids.
A) Drinking plenty of fluids and receiving proper treatment are the best ways to recover
from the flu.
B) Adequate rest and fluid intake are the most effective treatments for the flu.
C) Both drinking plenty of fluids and resting in bed for a while are considered among the best
treatments for the flu.
D) Resting in bed and taking frequent baths are effective ways to treat the flu.
4) The city council refused to permit the rock group to perform in the stadium.
A) The rock band wanted to perform at the stadium and asked the city council for
permission.
B) The city council wanted the rock group to perform in the stadium instead of the city.
C) The rock band's request to perform in the stadium was turned down by the local council.
D) The rock group's refusal to perform at the stadium angered the city council.
5) The attachment of the two young people to their professor proved to be valuable for
both sides.

A) They proved that it was valuable to attach the two young people to their professor.
B) Both parties benefited from the two young people's connection to their professor.
C) Establishing a trusting relationship between students and teachers can be beneficial for
everyone involved.
D) After the professor formed a close relationship with a small group of students, others
began to feel less important.

22
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C G Restatement 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Tuğba Barlas & Arzu İyitanır

6. The movie was so boring that I fell asleep halfway through.

A) I stayed awake because the movie was exciting.
B) I didn’t enjoy the movie and ended up falling asleep.
C) I watched the whole movie even though it was boring.
D) I fell asleep before the movie started.
7. Although it was raining heavily, they decided to continue their hike through the forest.

A) They stopped hiking because of the heavy rain.

B) The rain made them cancel their hiking plans.
C) Despite the strong rain, they kept hiking in the forest.
D) They waited for the rain to stop before hiking.
8. She missed the meeting because her alarm didn’t go off in the morning.
A) She forgot to set her alarm and skipped the meeting on purpose.
B) She was late to the meeting because she overslept.
C) She didn’t attend the meeting since her alarm failed to wake her up.
D) She turned off her alarm and chose not to go to the meeting.
9. Even though he had studied hard for the exam, he didn’t get the grade he expected.

A) He didn’t study enough, so he failed the exam.

B) He studied a lot, but his exam result was disappointing.
C) He got a great grade because he studied very hard.
D) He didn’t care about the exam and didn’t study at all.
10. Despite investing a significant amount of money in the new product line, the lack of
market research led to disappointing sales figures.
A) The company’s investment in the new product line was successful because they
understood the market well.
B) The company spent a lot on the new product line, but poor market research caused it to
underperform.
C) The company didn’t invest much in the new product line, which is why it failed.
D) The product line failed because the company didn’t spend enough money on advertising.

23
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Adverbial Clauses 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Süleyman Ulutaş

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES: REVIEW

PART A: Combine the following sentences by using the linkers given in the parentheses.

1. a. Fox hunting is a cruel sport.

b. Fox hunting attracts many participants in rural areas. (in spite of)
___________________________________________________________________________.
2. a. Children in my country do not help with household chores.
b. Children in the USA help with housework a lot. (in contrast to)
__________________________________________________________________________.
3. a. Some people cannot spend enough time with their families.
b. Some people have very busy schedules at work. (due to)
___________________________________________________________________________.
4. a. Lots of people have stress-related health problems.
b. Modern life is very stressful. (as a consequence)
__________________________________________________________________________.
5. a. Living alone gives you a nice feeling of freedom.
b. Living alone brings a lot of responsibilities. (whereas)
___________________________________________________________________________.
6. a. A good thriller needs suspense.
b. A good thriller needs plenty of action. (not only …… but also … )
___________________________________________________________________________.
7. a. Students want to produce a good essay.
b. Students should expand their vocabulary. (in order to)
___________________________________________________________________________.
8. a. Life expectancy in developed countries is higher.
b. Life expectancy is much lower in underdeveloped countries. (in contrast to)
___________________________________________________________________________.
9. a. We wouldn’t like to live in America.
b. The standard of living in America is high. (no matter)
___________________________________________________________________________.
10. a. This job doesn’t require much knowledge.
b. This job is generally well-paid. (despite )
___________________________________________________________________________.
11. a. Many people don’t think the workers are justified in striking.
b. Many people argue that the workers are already paid enough money. (on the contrary)
___________________________________________________________________________.

24
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Adverbial Clauses 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Süleyman Ulutaş

12. a. The bus service is unreliable.

b. The bus service is expensive. (not only … but also …)
___________________________________________________________________________.
PART B: Combine the following sentences by using the linkers given in the parentheses.

13. a. Books cost a lot of money in our country.

b. Books are inexpensive in the USA. (unlike)
___________________________________________________________________________.

14. a. Some students feel tired and sleepy in class.

b. Some students spend too much time on social media and video games. (therefore)
___________________________________________________________________________.
15. a. Some people have allergies.
b. Some people can’t have pets at home. (owing to)
___________________________________________________________________________.
16. a. Some people become very popular on social media.
b. Some people don’t have any qualities. (even though)
___________________________________________________________________________.
17. a. They have developed a training course.
b. They want to make sure that all their staff can use the new data management program
properly.
(so that)
___________________________________________________________________________.
18. a. Turkey accepts many refugees.
b. Jordan accepts many refugees. (both …… and …)
___________________________________________________________________________.
19. a. Tobacco is a stimulant.
b. Alcohol is a depressant. (whereas)
___________________________________________________________________________.
20. a. He struggles to cover his own expenses.
b. He volunteers for a children’s charity at weekends. (despite the fact that)
___________________________________________________________________________.
21. a. People do not want to have accidents.
b. People should focus on driving in traffic. (in order to)
___________________________________________________________________________.
22. a. The relocation of villages hasn’t been adequately funded.
b. The relocation of villages hasn’t been properly planned. (neither …… nor …)
___________________________________________________________________________.

25
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Adverbial Clauses 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Misc.

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Süleyman Ulutaş

23. a. Sea fishing requires a boat, which is expensive to hire.

b. Fishing from the riverbank costs very little. (on the other hand)
___________________________________________________________________________.

24. a. Tea tree oil is an effective antiseptic.

b. Tea tree oil smells disgusting. (though)
___________________________________________________________________________.
PART C: Combine the following sentences by using the linkers given in the parentheses.
25. a. Most people in prison have no opportunity to hire a good lawyer.
b. Most people in prison come from poor social backgrounds. (therefore)
___________________________________________________________________________.
26. a. Aspirin is an effective pain killer.
b. Ibuprofen is an effective pain killer. (both … and ……)
___________________________________________________________________________.
27. a. She has a responsible job with a high salary.
b. She feels discontented. (in spite of)
___________________________________________________________________________.
28. a. People want to let their friends know where they are.
b. People send their location on WhatsApp. (so as to)
___________________________________________________________________________.
29. a. Some people smoke a lot.
b. Some people have serious health problems. (because of)
___________________________________________________________________________.
30. a. He works so hard.
b. His boss never compliments him. (no matter)
___________________________________________________________________________.
31. a. He competed in the cycle race.
b. He had just recovered from serious injuries. (nevertheless)
__________________________________________________________________________.
32. a. She wanted to gain experience in an international company.
b. She spent a year in Germany. (so that)
__________________________________________________________________________.
33. a. Children in Africa become very ill.
b. Children in Africa drink polluted water. (thus)
__________________________________________________________________________.
34. a. She wasn’t as well qualified as the others.
b. To our surprise, she got the job. (despite)
___________________________________________________________________________.

26
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Essay Study 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Ideas for topic

STUDENT’S & TEACHER’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

Topic: Developments in technology are causing

environmental problems. Some think the solution is
for people to adjust to a simpler life while others
believe that technology itself can solve these
problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with this statement?

People should live a simpler life

Main ideas:

• Reducing consumption lowers waste and emissions (e.g., less electricity, fewer
gadgets, less travel).
• A simpler lifestyle encourages sustainability (e.g., local food, walking or cycling
instead of driving).
• Modern lifestyles are often linked to overconsumption and throwaway culture.
• Going back to basics (e.g., less packaging, reusable goods) is effective and immediate.

Examples:

Growing your own food. / Smooth lifestyle: balance and moderation / Minimalist movements
and zero-waste homes.

Vocabulary:

Overconsumption - Carbon footprint- Minimalism- Self-sufficiency- Eco-friendly choices

Technology can solve environmental problems

Main ideas:

• Green technologies (solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles) reduce

environmental damage.
• Smart agriculture can reduce water and pesticide use.
• AI and data analysis help track and fight climate change.
• Innovation can create cleaner production methods and sustainable materials.

Examples:

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) / Electric cars like Tesla reducing air pollution / AI-powered
energy grids for efficient electricity use.

Vocabulary:

Renewable energy- Innovation- Eco-friendly technologies- Sustainable development

27
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Essay Study 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Ideas for topic

STUDENT’S & TEACHER’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

INTRODUCTION:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

THESIS STATEMENT:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

BODY PARAGRAPHS:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

28
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Essay Study 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Ideas for topic

STUDENT’S & TEACHER’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

CONCLUSION:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Read your paper again and tick (√) YES or NO for the following questions.

YES NO
1. Is there a thesis statement (opinion & plan)?
2. Are there sufficient supporting examples & details in the body
paragraphs?
3. Is there a conclusion (thesis statement & summary of ideas)?
4. Are the ideas persuasive and/or interesting?
5. Are the sentence structures accurate? (Subject V Agreement,
accurate use of tenses, singular & plurals…etc.)
6. Is there a good range of level appropriate sentence structures
(relative clauses, conditionals, passives etc.)
7. Does the paragraph contain a wide range of vocabulary - examples of
the target vocabulary (from the vocabulary list)?
8. Are there any punctuation mistakes?

29
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Paraphrasing 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) https://www.yourdictionary.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

HOW TO PARAPHRASE:

Paraphrasing is a valuable skill for rephrasing ideas in your own words while retaining the
original meaning. Here are some common paraphrasing techniques:

1. Simple Sentence Rephrasing

Original: "I enjoy reading books." Paraphrase: "I like to read books."

Original: "She is a very good singer." Paraphrase: "She sings very well."

Original: "It’s cold outside." Paraphrase: "The weather is chilly."

2. Using Synonyms

Original: "The child was happy with his new toy." Synonyms: happy → glad

Paraphrase: "The child was glad with his new toy."

Original: "They have a beautiful garden." Synonyms: beautiful → pretty

Paraphrase: "They have a pretty garden."

Original: "The boy is very tired after school."

Paraphrase: "The boy is very sleepy after school."

Original: "She has a small dog." Paraphrase: "She has a

little dog."

Original: "The movie was funny." Paraphrase: "The film was

amusing."

3. Short Descriptions

Original: "The cat is sleeping on the sofa." Paraphrase: "The cat is on the sofa,
sleeping."

Original: "She goes to the gym every day." Paraphrase: "Every day, she visits the
gym."

4. Changing Sentence Structure

Original: "There is a big tree in my garden." Paraphrase: "A big tree is in my garden."

Original: "They bought a new car last week."

Paraphrase: "Last week, they bought a new car."

5. Practice with Question and Answer

Question: "Do you like ice cream?" Answer: "Yes, I love it!"

30
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Paraphrasing 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) https://www.yourdictionary.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

Paraphrase: "Yes, I really enjoy it."

Question: "Where is your school?" Answer: "My school is near the park."

6. Using “because” or “so”

Original: "It was raining. We stayed inside."

Paraphrase: "We stayed inside because it was raining."

Original: "She was late. She missed the bus."

Paraphrase: "She missed the bus because she was late."

7. Combine Short Sentences

Original: "I like apples. They are sweet." Paraphrase: "I like apples because they
are sweet."

Original: "It’s sunny. Let’s go outside." Paraphrase: "Let’s go outside because it’s
sunny."

8. Rewording Simple Sentences

Original: "The teacher is kind to the students."

Paraphrase: "The teacher is nice to the students."

Original: "My friend lives in a big house." Paraphrase: "My friend’s house is big."

9. Simple Descriptions Rephrasing

Original: "The car is red and fast." Paraphrase: "It’s a fast, red car."

Original: "My brother is tall and strong." Paraphrase: "My brother is strong and
tall."

EXERCISES: Rewrite each in a different way while keeping the same meaning.

1. She went to the library because she needed to study for her exam.

She
_________________________________________________________________________

In order to
_________________________________________________________________________

2. The movie was so interesting that we watched it twice.

We watched
_________________________________________________________________________

31
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Paraphrasing 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) https://www.yourdictionary.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

We went
__________________________________________________________________________

3. The company is expanding quickly and hiring new employees.

The business ________________________________________________________________

The business is hiring

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Online learning is becoming more popular among students.

Many students _______________________________________________________________

An increasing number _________________________________________________________

5. The museum was visited by over 100,000 people last year.

More than
___________________________________________________________________________

Last year,
___________________________________________________________________________

6. Many people enjoy hiking because it allows them to connect with nature.

Hiking is ____________________________________________________________________

Hiking is a
___________________________________________________________________________

7. Technology has changed the way we communicate with each other.

The way we __________________________________________________________________

Communication
___________________________________________________________________________

8. Eating healthy food is essential for good health.

Having a ____________________________________________________________________

Good health
___________________________________________________________________________

9. Studying abroad gives students a chance to experience different cultures.

Living in ___________________________________________________________________

Students have _______________________________________________________________

32
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Paraphrasing 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) https://www.yourdictionary.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

10. Recycling helps reduce waste and protect the environment.

By recycling, _______________________________________________________________

Recycling _________________________________________________________________

11. Although the concert tickets were expensive, we decided to buy them.

Even though _________________________________________________________________

We chose ___________________________________________________________________

12. Learning a new language takes time and patience.

To learn ____________________________________________________________________

It takes ____________________________________________________________________

13. The book was so captivating that I couldn't put it down.

I found ___________________________________________________________________

I couldn't ___________________________________________________________________

33
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Education 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Gökçe Dülgerci & Arzu İyitanır

ENGLISH MANIA
WARM-UP : Study the definition below. Do you think the word is approving or disapproving?
mania (noun): a very strong interest in something which uses up all your time and energy; a
powerful obsession

PART A: How do ‘maniacs’ behave? Match the descriptions and terms on the left to the manias on
the right:
1. hysterical teenagers _____ a. beatle mania
2. deafening crowds, chanting, cheering, booing
b. exercise mania
_____
3. rapture, weeping, visions _____ c. political mania

4. compulsive over-exercising _____ d. religious mania

5. screaming slogans, waving flags _____
e. sports mania

PART B. WATCHING AND LISTENING

Jay Walker, an entrepreneur and inventor, is 3. In which school year do Chinese school
going to give a talk on the world’s ‘English children start learning English by law?
mania’. Which of the manias in Exercise 1 does
a. third grade (8-9 yrs)
he mention or refer to? Watch the rest of the
talk and check your answers. b. fifth grade (10-11)
1. How many people are trying to learn English c. sixth grade (11-12)
worldwide?
4. How long does China’s ‘Gaokao’ school-
a. 500 million b. 1 billion c. 2 billion leaving examination last?
2. Which country will become the largest a. 3 hours b. 12 hours c. 3 days
English-speaking country in the world?
5. How many Chinese high school students
a. the USA b. China c. India have taken the Gaokao?
a. 10 million b. 40 million c. 80 million

34
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Education 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Gökçe Dülgerci & Arzu İyitanır

PART C. CHECKING UNDERSTANDING

Highlight ‘T’ (True) or ‘F’ (False) next to the statements below:
1. The speaker thinks that English mania is an unhealthy obsession. T / F
2. According to the speaker, learning English represents opportunity for a better life. T / F
3. The speaker believes that English will replace all other languages in the future. T / F
4. The speaker believes that knowing English will enable people to become involved in global
discussions. T / F
5. The speaker believes that learning English is popular because of America. T / F

PART D. VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

Study the words below using a dictionary, then complete the sentences from Jay’s talk. Check your
answers by watching the video again or reading the transcript.

alarming gruelling harnessing

tsunami unimaginable

1. Manias can be good. Manias can be __________. Or manias can be deadly.

2. 80 million high school Chinese students have already taken this __________ test.
3. The intensity to learn English is almost __________.
4. Is English a __________, washing away other languages?
5. Like the __________ of electricity in our cities or the fall of the Berlin Wall, English represents
hope for a better future.

35
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Education 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Gökçe Dülgerci & Arzu İyitanır

PART E. WRITING
TOPIC: Learning English is essential in the 21st century.

INTRODUCTION ✓ Start with an intriguing question to catch the attention of the

reader (OPTIONAL)
✓ Introduce the topic by making some general observations
about it
✓ Mention what the opposite people say about this topic
(OPTIONAL)
✓ Produce a thesis statement while making sure that it is the last
sentence of your introduction paragraph
BODY PARAGRAPH 1 ✓ Start each of your body paragraphs with a topic sentence.
✓ Use transition signals/linkers between those supporting
ideas/examples (Moreover, / Furthermore, / In addition, /
Also, /Besides, /Another reason/advantage is...’ etc.)
BODY PARAGRAPH 2 ✓ Develop your supporting ideas/examples with the useful
expressions, such as Since /As / Because; Because of / Due to;
(Cause) So / Therefore / Consequently / As a result; (Effect)
However / In contrast / On the contrary / On the other hand /
BODY PARAGRAPH 3 But; (Contrast)
✓ Provide enough examples and details to develop each of your
supporting ideas
CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH ✓ Start your conclusion paragraph with one of the transition
signals/linkers (In conclusion, / To sum up, / In the light of the
points mentioned above, / All in all, ... etc.)
✓ Summarize your thesis statement and topic sentences in one
or two sentences.
✓ Conclude your essay by making a suggestion, making a
prediction for the future, or sharing your personal opinion.

Some words & phrases for the topic:

Introduction: Globalization, Communication, Essential skill, 21st century

Body Paragraphs: Economic opportunities, Cultural exchange, Technological advancements, Education, Career
prospects, International relations, Access to information, Networking

Conclusion: Future prospects, Global citizen, Lifelong learning, Approval

36
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C W Education 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) www.linguahouse.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Gökçe Dülgerci & Arzu İyitanır

SAMPLE ESSAY: Learning English is essential in the 21st century.

Learning English Is Essential in the 21st Century

In today’s globalized world, learning English has become more important than ever. It is widely spoken across
different countries and serves as a common language for communication in many fields. Some people may argue
that other languages are also important, but English remains the most valuable language in the 21st century.

Firstly, English is the main language of international communication. People from different backgrounds use
English to connect, whether in business, travel, or education. Since it is the most commonly spoken second
language, knowing English allows individuals to interact with people from all over the world.

Secondly, English is essential for academic and professional success. Many universities and companies require a
good level of English for admission or employment. Additionally, most scientific research, technology, and
business documents are published in English. Therefore, mastering this language increases career and study
opportunities.

Thirdly, English provides access to a vast amount of information and entertainment. The majority of books, films,
and online content are in English. By learning the language, people can enjoy international media, understand
global news, and learn new skills through online courses. This makes English an important tool for both education
and entertainment.

In conclusion, English is an essential language in the 21st century because it is the main language of
communication, education, and media. Learning English helps people connect with others, advance in their
careers, and access valuable information. For these reasons, mastering English is a key skill in today’s world.

Read the paper again and tick (√) YES or NO for the following questions.

YES NO
1. Is there a thesis statement (opinion & plan)?
2. Are there sufficient supporting examples & details in the body
paragraphs?
3. Is there a conclusion (thesis statement & summary of ideas)?
4. Are the ideas persuasive and/or interesting?
5. Are the sentence structures accurate? (Subject V Agreement,
accurate use of tenses, singular & plurals…etc.)
6. Is there a good range of level appropriate sentence structures
(relative clauses, conditionals, passives etc.)
7. Does the paragraph contain a wide range of vocabulary -
examples of the target vocabulary (from the vocabulary list)?
8. Are there any punctuation mistakes?

37
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C S Environment 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Keithacademy.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

The Environment
Some useful vocabulary for this topic-
Environment:

• Ecosystem (eco= environment, an

ecosystem is ‘an environment system’)
• Ecology (n.) = the study of the
environment
• Ecological (adj.)
• Eco-friendly (adj.) = describes things that
protect and look after the environment,
rather than damaging it.

* Global warming = increasing temperature of the earth due to the greenhouse effect of
more gases (CO2, CH4) being trapped in the atmosphere.
* Climate Change = similar to global warming but focus on changing climates around the
world
Greenhouse gases
Methane (CH4) - Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Useful collocations
Methane emissions- Carbon dioxide emissions
Carbon footprints = the damage you cause to the planet by using carbon
To reduce our carbon footprint - To be carbon neutral
How We Damage the Environment
Deforestation = cutting down trees
Poaching = killing endangered animals illegally
Illegal dumping = putting waste into a landfill / the sea without permission
Light / Air / Noise pollution
Cars, aeroplanes…= most transportation
Overuse of non-renewable resources (oil, gas, coal…also known as – fossil fuels)

38
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C S Environment 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Keithacademy.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

How We Can Protect the Environment

Save energy Clean up beaches

Save water by not leaving the tap running Participate in a beach clean-up
unnecessarily Reduce plastic waste
Do some volunteer work Protect wildlife habitats
Run a campaign to raise awareness

How can governments tackle this issue?

- Raise awareness of the need to recycle - Sensitise people to the importance of

using renewable energy
- To motivate people to recycle - To motivate companies to use renewable
energy and sustainable energy (solar (sun),
hydro (water), wind…geothermal.)
- Set zero-carbon energy targets - Reduce their carbon footprint to ‘net zero’
- Promote the use of electric cars – and - Plant trees
public transport
- Set up initiatives to protect…. wildlife / - Implement policies to protect…
natural habitats / forests / endangered - Impose restrictions on….
species
Speaking Topics about Environment & Pollution
1. Do you think cars should be banned from city centers?
2. Do you think people should recycle newspapers? Why or why not?
3. What methods do you use to conserve energy and other resources?
4. How has the world changed since you were a child? (technology, values, environment,
health)
5. What are some things that can be recycled?
6. What are some things which you recycle?
7. What are some types of pollution?
8. What are some ways that you can reduce pollution in this country?
9. What can you do to help prevent pollution?
10. What can you do to make this world a better place?
11. What do you think of people who smoke cigarettes indoors?

39
 IN-CLASS MATERIAL
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY PREP-C S Environment 6
School of Foreign Languages LEVEL CODE
SKILL CODE
COURSEBOOK & UNIT /
THEME
WEEK

English Preparatory School

SOURCE (s) Keithacademy.com

STUDENT’S COPY Prepared by Arzu İyitanır

12. Which is more important, increasing people's standard of living, or protecting the
environment?
13. Which types of environment are best for our health as human beings?
14. What happens when we remove forests?
15. What can we do to protect forests?
16. How does air pollution affect human health?
17. In what ways can we save more water?
18. What should we do to increase awareness about environmental pollution?
19. What is the most important environmental issue facing our planet right now?
20. How can we encourage people to be more environmentally conscious?

Q. What is the most important environmental issue facing our planet right now?
Sample Answer:
I think climate change is the most important environmental issue facing our planet right now.
My reason for saying this is that climate change acts as a "threat multiplier," making many
other environmental problems worse. For example, extreme weather, we're already seeing
more intense heatwaves, droughts, floods, and wildfires. These events directly impact human
lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. Just this year, we've seen continued record-breaking
temperatures and significant weather events in various parts of the world. Another example
is sea level rise; melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, which threaten coastal
communities and ecosystems globally.
While issues like plastic pollution and deforestation are incredibly important, climate change
is the overarching problem that exacerbates so many of these other. Addressing climate
change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy is crucial
for the health of our planet and all living things. It requires global cooperation and significant
changes in how we produce and consume energy.

40