COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Electrical Engineering Department
ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS: DEVICES AND ANALYSIS - LAB
Activity #2
The Rectifier Diode
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Cabatian, Gyan Engr. Enrique Pioquinto
Lebio, Jessel
Gacusan, Johnrev
Palomo, Ashley King
Romualdo, Jan Oliver
February 7, 2023
Date
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
C
Theoretical Background:
A diode is a semiconductor device that behaves like a one directional switch that it allows current
to pass in one direction and blocks the current in the opposite directions.
Materials/Equipment:
• Diode
• Power Supply
• Resistors (1Ω, 500Ω)
• Multi-tester
• Connecting wires
• Protoboard
Objectives:
✓ To demonstrate the operation of the diode in forward and reverse bias condition
Procedure:
1. Construct the circuit.
0-5 V 1k Ω
Figure 1.
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2. Set the power supply to the values indicated on the table.
3. Measure the current for each voltage setting.
V I (mA)
0.1 0
0.2 0
0.3 0
0.4 0
0.5 0
0.6 0
0.7 0.14
0.8 0.29
0.9 0.43
1.0 0.62
4. Plot the voltage vs. current on the graph.
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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5. Reverse the diode on figure 1. Apply 1v supply. What happens to the diode?
Answer: 1.0 – 0,
6. Reconstruct the circuit in figure 1. Apply 5v supply. Measure the voltage across the diode
and the voltage across the resistor. How is the sum of the voltage drops across the diode
and the resistor compare to that of the supply voltage?
Answer: 5v – 4.33 mA
7. Construct the circuit below.
1k Ω
5V 500 Ω
Figure 2.
8. Measure the voltage across the 500Ω resistor.
Answer: V500 = 4.4 – 0.6
9. Reverse the diode in the circuit in figure 2. Measure the voltage across the 500Ω resistor.
Answer: V500 = 3.3 – 1.6
10. What can you say about the voltage leading across the 500-ohm resistor in procedure #8
and #9?
Answer: It sees that the voltage increases and when the diode reverses it the voltage
decreases.
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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Discussion:
Rectifier diodes are commonly used in actual wiring for converting AC voltage to DC voltage. When
AC voltage is applied to a rectifier diode, it allows the current to flow in only one direction, blocking the
flow in the opposite direction. This characteristic of rectifier diodes makes them ideal for use in
rectifying AC voltage to DC voltage. In actual wiring, rectifier diodes are often used in power supplies,
battery chargers, and voltage regulators. In a power supply, rectifier diodes are used to convert the
AC voltage from the power outlet into DC voltage that can be used by electronic devices. Similarly, in
a battery charger, rectifier diodes are used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage to charge batteries.
When using rectifier diodes in actual wiring, it is important to choose the correct diode for the specific
application. The current rating and voltage rating of the diode should be chosen based on the maximum
current and voltage that will be passing through it. If a diode with a lower rating is used, it may fail or
even be damaged. Another important consideration when using rectifier diodes in actual wiring is to
ensure that they are properly mounted and cooled. Rectifier diodes can generate heat when they are
conducting current, and if they get too hot, they can fail. Therefore, it is important to mount the diodes
on a heat sink or other cooling device to dissipate the heat. In summary, rectifier diodes are an
important component in many electrical applications, and they play a crucial role in converting AC
voltage to DC voltage. When using rectifier diodes in actual wiring, it is important to choose the correct
diode for the application, mount it properly, and ensure that it is adequately cooled.
Conclusion:
Rectifier diodes play a critical role in converting AC voltage to DC voltage in many electrical
applications such as power supplies, battery chargers, and voltage regulators. When using rectifier
diodes in actual wiring, it is important to choose the correct diode with the appropriate current and
voltage rating, mount it properly, and ensure that it is adequately cooled. By paying attention to these
factors, rectifier diodes can be used effectively and reliably to convert AC voltage to DC voltage in
electrical circuits.
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Electrical Engineering Department
ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS: DEVICES AND ANALYSIS - LAB
Activity #3
The Diode as Clipper
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Cabatian, Gyan Engr. Enrique Pioquinto
Lebio, Jessel
Gacusan, Johnrev
Palomo, Ashley King
Romualdo, Jan Oliver
February 7, 2023
Date
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
C
Theoretical Background:
Clippers are circuits that have the ability to “clip” off portion of the input signal without distorting
the remaining part of the alternating waveform.
Materials/Equipment:
• Diode
• Power Supply
• Resistors (1Ω, 500Ω)
• Multi-tester
• Connecting wires
• Protoboard
• Signal Generator
• Oscilloscope
Objectives:
✓ To understand the behavior of the diode as a clipper
✓ To differentiate series and parallel clipper
Procedure:
5. Construct the below.
Vo
Figure 1.
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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6. Set the signal generator to 100 Hz 12Vpp. Apply it to the input of Figure1.
7. Using the oscilloscopes, determine the output waveform and record it on the table.
8. Reverse the diode in Figure 1 and repeat 2 & 3.
9. Turn-off signal generator and construct the circuit below. Repeat 2, 3 & 4.
Vo
Figure 2.
10. Turn off the signal generator. Construct the circuit below
Vo
2v
Figure 3.
11. Repeat the diode & repeat 1 & 3.
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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Circuit Diagram Input waveform Output waveform
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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Discussion:
Clipper circuits are electrical circuits designed to limit or clip a signal to a predetermined
value. They are commonly used in audio and video circuits for limiting the amplitude of signals,
as well as in other applications such as surge protection. It can be constructed using either a
single diode or multiple diodes in a variety of configurations. When a diode is used in a clipper
circuit, a voltage source is connected in series with the diode and a load. When the voltage
source is positive with respect to the load, the diode is reverse-biased and does not conduct.
When the voltage source becomes negative with respect to the load, the diode is forward-biased
and conducts current. This allows the diode to clip the signal to the predetermined value. The
output waveform of a clipper circuit can be studied using an oscilloscope. By adjusting the
voltage source and load, the amplitude of the output waveform can be adjusted. The output
waveform can then be compared to the input waveform to determine the gain of the circuit.
Additionally, the output waveform can be compared to the known values of the voltage source
and load to determine the output impedance of the circuit. By placing a diode in series with the
signal, the portion of the signal above or below the diode's forward voltage drop is removed or
"clipped," resulting in a signal that is limited to a specific voltage range. This can be useful in a
variety of applications, such as protecting sensitive components from overvoltage or shaping the
waveform of an audio or radio signal.
Conclusion:
The output waveforms of the Clipper circuit design have been examined, and the necessary
parameters have been contrasted. This explains clipper circuits, including what they are, how
and why they are created, and how to utilize diodes to create them. To discover the waveforms
and analyze how diodes function in limiters or clippers. At the end, oscilloscope is used to obtain
all necessary values and circuits. It is concluded that the diode-based clipper circuit is capable
of limiting the amplitude of the input signal. The output waveforms of the clipper circuit have
been verified with the oscilloscope readings, and the input and output parameters have been
compared against theoretical values. The simulation results suggest that the clipper circuit is
capable of producing the desired output waveforms. The results of this experiment demonstrate
that the design of the diode-based clipper circuit is successful.
Brgy. Paciano Rizal, Calamba City, Laguna, 4027 Philippines ⚫ Tel. No.: (049) 834-1159
www.perpetualdalta.edu.ph
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