Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
www.batstate-u.edu.ph
Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118

ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL, AND MECHATRONICS

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EE 421 – ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS: DEVICES AND ANALYSIS

EXPERIMENT 1: DIODE APPLICATION

(RECITIFIER, CLIPPER, AND CLAMPER CIRCUIT)

SECTION: ICE – 2203

GROUP NO. 3

MEMBERS

AOANAN, ANGELO MARTIN S.

BELLECA, JANPHERSIN C.

CALAYAN, KAENE HAROLD S.

HERNANDEZ, MADEL A.

FEBRUARY 18, 2021

ENGR. MIRASOL C. DILAY

INSTRUCTOR
 I. OBJECTIVES

1. To demonstrate application of the junction diodes.

2. To investigate the use of diode in its application such as rectifier, clipper and clapper
circuits.

II. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

1. Laptop - Was used to download and install the NI Multisim Software. It was also
used to run the circuit.
2. Multisim – Was used to design and test the circuit on the laboratory experiment.
3. Adjustable DC Power Supply
4. Function generator
5. Resistors
6. 1N4001 Silicon Diode
7. Breadboard
8. Connecting wires (size #22)
9. Multimeter
10. Oscilloscope
11. Simulation Software (Multisim or online software)

III. INTRODUCTION

As of now in the modern world, circuits and system are now increasingly as a
advancement of technology. The engineer studies the difference of design and analysis in
circuits and system. However, the operation of direct current circuits is the foundation of
all systems at a fundamental level. In fact, the ability to analyze and simplify such
circuits is important for understanding and designing more complex circuits. In addition,
the most basic and fundamental calculation an engineer can make is the measurement of
direct current circuit quantities, such as voltage, current and resistance. In this
experiment, the students will learn about how to use and restriction of a modern optical
multimeter, the multisim. Multisim is an electronic schematic capture and simulation
software that along, with NI Ultiboard, is part of a suite of circuit design programs.
Multisim application can help students shift smoothly from theory to simulation capture
and environment for those students, which can be used by students, engineers, and
professors to simulate electronic circuits.

A diode is a semiconductor gadget that basically goes about as a single direction

switch for current. It permits current to stream effectively one way, however seriously
confines current from streaming the other way. A rectifier is an electrical gadget that
converts substituting flow (AC), which occasionally turns around bearing, to coordinate
flow (DC), which streams just a single way. The converse activity is performed by the
inverter. The cycle is known as correction, since it "fixes" the course of current.The
Diode Clipper, otherwise called a Diode Limiter, is a wave molding circuit that takes an
information waveform and clasps or cuts off its top half, base half or the two parts
together. This section of the information signal delivers a yield waveform that looks like
a smoothed form of the information.

IV. PROCEDURE

A. Half-Wave Rectifier
1. Construct the circuit in Figure 1.1 using 1N4001 diode or any equivalent.
2. Apply 5Vp with frequency of 1 KHz sinusoidal input to circuit using function
generator.

3. Obtain the output waveform using oscilloscope.

4. Measure the Vp, Vave, and the PIV using multimeter.

5. Calculate Vp, Vave, and PIV using eq. 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3.
Vp = Vin −Vth eq. 1.1
where: Vin = input voltage
Vth= diode threshold voltage
𝑉𝑝
Vave = 𝜋 eq. 1.2
PIV = Vin eq. 1.3
 6. Compare values in a.5 and a.6.
B. Full-Wave Rectifier
1. Construct the circuit in Figure 1.2 using 1N4001 diode or any equivalent.

2. Apply 7Vp with frequency of 1 KHz sinusoidal input to circuit using function
generator.
3. Obtain the output waveform using oscilloscope.

4. Measure the Vp, Vave, and the PIV using multimeter.

 5. Calculate Vp, Vave, and the PIV using eq. 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6.
Vp = Vin − 2Vth eq. 1.4
2𝑉𝑝
Vave = 𝜋 eq. 1.5
PIV = Vin − Vth eq. 1.6

6. Compare values in b.5 and b.6.

C. Clipper
1. Construct the circuit in Figure 1.3 using 1N4001 diode or any equivalent.

2. Apply 15Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz sinusoidal input to circuit using function
generator.

3. Obtain and compare the input and output waveform using the oscilloscope.
Input
 Output

4. Repeat the process by applying 15Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz triangular and
rectangular wave input.
Triangular Input

Triangular Output
 Rectangular Input

Rectangular Output

5. Repeat the process c.1 to c.4 in figure 1.4.

6. Apply 15Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz sinusoidal input to circuit using function
generator.

7. Obtain and compare the input and output waveform using the oscilloscope.
Input

Output
8. Repeat the process by applying 15Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz triangular and
rectangular wave input.
Triangular Input

Triangular Output

Rectangular Input
 Rectangular Output

9. Compare the output waveforms from figure 1.3 and 1.4.

D. Clamper
1. Construct the circuit in Figure 1.3 using 1N4001 diode or any equivalent.
2. Apply 10Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz sinusoidal input to circuit using function
generator.

3. Obtain and compare the input and output waveform using the oscilloscope.
Input

Output

4. Repeat the process by applying 10Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz triangular and
rectangular wave input.
Triangular Input
 Triangular Output

Rectangular Input

Rectangular Output

5. Reverse the diode by flipping it horizontally. Repeat the process d.1 to d.4 in
6. Obtain and compare the input and output waveform using the oscilloscope.
Input

Output

7. Repeat the process by applying 10Vpp with frequency of 1 KHz triangular and
rectangular wave input.
Triangular Input
Triangular Output

Rectangular Input

Rectangular Output
 8. Compare the output waveforms.

V. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

I.
A. Half-Wave Rectifier

MEASURED VALUE

It presents the average voltage of the circuits by simulation using the multimeter and the
function generator in rectangular waveform giving an estimate value of -22.235 V

PEAK INVERSE VOLTAGE

The figure presemt the value of peak inverse voltage and it is 4.108 V. Since the peak value of
the sinusoidal AC supply is Vm, therefore the maximum reversed biased voltage across the diode
is also equal to Vm. Therefore, the peak inverse voltage of diode in half wave rectifier is equal to
the peak value of the supply voltage.

AVERAGE VOLTAGE

It this figure displays the average value with 3.589 V by using multimeter.

Table Summary of Half-wave Rectifier

Voltage Peak Average Voltage

Simulation -2.884 V 3.589 V

Manaul Computation 3.406 V 1.08V

B. Full-Wave Rectifier
 OUTPUT WAVEFORM
This figure displays the output waveform by using oscilloscope.

PEAK INVERSE VOLTAGE

This figure presents the value of peak inverse voltage with 4.432. The peak
inverse voltage of diode in half wave rectifier is equal to the peak value of the
supply voltage.

AVERAGE VOLTAGE
It present the average voltage value by using multimeter with 15.068 V.
 Table Summary of Full-wave Rectifier
Voltage Peak Average Voltage

Simulation -30.939V 15.068V

Manual Computation 3.547V 2.2531V

C. Clipper Circuit
Input

Output
 INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM
These two figures present the input and output waveform of a diode clipper circuit sinusoidal wave.

Triangular Input

Triangular Output

TRIANGULAR INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

These two figures present the triangular input and output waveform of a diode clipper circuit
sinusoidal wave.

Rectangular Input
 Rectangular Output

RECTANGULAR INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

These two figures present the rectangular input and output waveform of a diode clipper
circuit sinusoidal wave.

D. Clamper Circuit
Input
 Output

INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

This two figures present the input and output waveform of a diode clamper circuit sinusoidal wave

Triangular input

Triangular Output

TRIANGULAR INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

This two figures present the triangular input and output waveform of a diode clamper circuit sinusoidal
wave.

Rectangular Input
 Rectangular Output

RECTANGULAR INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

These two figures present the rectangular input and output waveform of a diode clamper circuit
sinusoidal wave.

VI. CONCLUSION

In general, diodes permit an electric flow to pass one way while impeding it the
other way or the opposite direction. Thus, the diode can be seen as an electronic rendition
of a check valve. Diodes were utilized in rectifier, clamper and, clipper. At the point
when the info signal is positive, the diode is forward biased and directs current. At the
point when the information signal is negative the diode is converse one-sided and doesn't
lead current. Thus the yield waveform V (out) is acquired. In this experiment the group
demonstrated the application of the junction diodes. Hence, were able to investigate the
use of diode when it comes to its application on rectifier, clipper, and clamper circuits.

When the input signal is positive, the diode is forward biased and conducts
current. When the input signal is negative the diode is reverse biased and does not
conduct current. Hence the output waveform V (out) is obtained. Rectifier diodes are
utilized in force supplies to change over alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a
cycle called amendment. They are likewise utilized somewhere else in circuits where an
enormous current should go through the diode. The significant contrast among clipper
and clamper is that clipper is a restricting circuit which restricts the yield voltage while
clamper is a circuit which moves the DC level of yield voltage. The clipper and clamper
circuits are actually inverse to one another with respect to their working principle. While
clamper is utilized when we need products of the information voltage at the yield
terminal.

Therefore, our group learned how to handle multisim effectively and how to use it
to construct table of truth and formulation of sum of product. Until finally building it
physically, we also learned how to use multisim to simplify and simulate our formulation
and truth tables and how to test digital circuit to ensure reliability and also to create a
diagram to aid in the building phase. Then we conclude that multisim is best suited for
stimulating this type of circuit after examining the stimulation phase of the circuits.