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M E Z Z A N IN E FLO O R , D O N A A M P A R O B UILD IN G
C O R N E R E S P A N A & G. M. TOLEN T1N O S T R E E T S
SAIVIPALOC, M A N IL A
TE L. N O S 7 3 5 -7 3 -0 2 & 7 3 3 -2 1 -1 8

TE L. NOS. ( 0 3 ) 2 6 1 - 2 2 4 4 & ( 0 3 2 ) 2 6 1 - 8 4 5 2
 POWERLINE ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER, INC,

DIRECT CURRENT MACHINERY

DYNAMO - is a rotating machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, or the reverse
process, electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Induced Voltage in Dy namo

ZP(p N
E = ------- L - * 1 0 ~ 8 Volts
60a
General Classification:
[I]. Motor
[II]. Generator

I - DC Motor - a continuous energy conversion device used to convert electrical energy to mechanical
energy.

General types of Self Excited Motors :

1. Series wound D.C. Motor- a motor where its winding called series field winding is connected
in series with the armature.
Speed Characteristics: Variable speed
Torque Characteristics: high starting torque
Uses: elevator, crane, converyor, hoist gear drive.
*Atote: to reverse direction of rotation of this motor, interchange the brushes.
Caution: Never operate the motor if unloaded because it will K'r<ice" or 'run away■
”

Schcrnafic Hiring Diagram fw/wvalcnl Circuit

VT - terminal voltage
Eb - back emf or counter emf
Vbc - brush contact voltage drop
Vs - series field winding voltage drop
h - line current or input current
Ia - armature current
- series field winding resistance
Rbc - brush contact resistance
Ra - armature resistance
R - equivalent resistance due to the power developed in the armature
Pi - power point
Pd ' - power developed in the armature
P0 - power output
- useful power
 2. Shunt Wound D.C. Motor - a self excited motor where its field winding called shunt field is
connected across the armature .

Speed Characteristics: nearly constant or adjustable speed.

Torque Characteristics: medium starting torque
Uses: fan, pump, grinder, blower etc.
* Note: to reverse the direction of rotation of the motor interchange the brushes or
reverse the connection of the field windings but not both.
Caution: Never open.the field windings while motors is running because it will “race”
“run away”
Schematic Wiring Diagram Equivalent Circuit

Shunt
V t a -field
i
w dg.

i
3.Compound Wot*nd PC Motor - where its windings has series field and shunt field windings,
either connected long shunt or short shunt.
Speed Characteristics: variable or adjusted speeds
Torque Characteristics: high starting torque
Uses: milling machine, punching machine, elevator crane etc.
*Note: To reverse the direction of rotation of the motor interchange the brushes.

a. Long Shunt Compound Motor ( adjustable speed)

Schematic Wiring Diagram Equivalent Circuit
---------- > —
+ r - T„
feries. O
o R& % %
■fteld o sl
Wdj. Shuni °o '
O r bc
-field o
o
wdg. O
o
r v
*©-
b. Short Shunt Compound Motor (variable speed)
Schematic Wiring Diagram Equivalent Circuit

- in ­
sert e$ VS
field , i
Vt fie ld o C>vt
I W(}(), C
DC MOTOR FORMULAS:

1. Induced EMF

60a
PZ
Let K =
60a
E = K<£N

Where:
P- number of poles
<J>- flux per pole in weber
N- armature rotation in RPM
Z- total number of active conductor
Z= no. of slots x Conductor per slot
a- number of parallel paths
a = mP
m - winding multiplicity
2. Voltage Equations:

Series Motor:
Eb = Vt - IaRa - IaRs - Vbc
Pin
la = I, = Is = —
L Vt
Shunt M otor:
Eb = V t- IaRa - Vbc
la = IL - If

f Rf

3. Speed of DC Shunt Motors, N = -V t' laRa b-C

F K0>

4. Armature Power Developed, Pdev = Eb •la

PQNZ
- ^
Torque J
Developed, ^T = ------
Pdev = ------------
Eb-Ia o 60a
y a — - PZ
---- O • laT =K<D-Ia
2*N' 2^1' ln V 2m
60

6. Motor Efficiency, 77
Po Vt • I, - Copper Losses - Rotational Losses
^OVERALL ~ ~ r '
Pin Vt • I,
 Po Po
7? 'o v e r a ll ~
Pin Po + Copper Losses + Rotational Losses

Pdev
Pdev + Copper Losses

________ Po _____
'm e c h a n ic a l ~
Po + Rotational Losses

Pdev
Pdev + Armature Copper Loss

7. Maximum Efficiency Condition

Variable Losses = Constant Losses

For Shunt Motor,
Ia2Ra = SPL + If2Rf
(Constant Losses
Ia’=
t Ra
I L’= Ia M f

Vt • IL'- 2 • Constant Losses

^JxfAX ^j i

8. Core Loss or Iron Loss, Wh+E

Wh+E = Hysteresis Loss + Eddy Current Loss
Hysteresis Loss, Wh = r]Bl bf • Vol
For constant flux density, Wh = A N
Eddy Current Loss - KhB 2f 2t2Vol
For constant flux density, Ws = B N 2
Where:
rj- Steinmetz Constant in Joule/(m’ cycle) or ergs/(cm3 cycle)
B - flux density in Tesla or Gauss
PN
f - frequency of magnetic reversal in cps f = y—

N - speed in rpm
Vol - volume of armature core in m3 or cm
t - thickness of armature laminations
Kh - hysteresis constant
II - DC Generator - an energy conversion device used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy

General Types o f S e lf Excited D C Generators :

1. Series Wound DC Generator - like the series wound DC motor, its field winding is connected in series
with the armature. It is used for constant current application like in
series street lighting.
Schematic Wiring Diagram Equivalent Circuit
—
Ka Ks — ,

2, Shunt Wound D.C. Generator - like the shunt wound D,C. motor its field winding also called shunt
I field winding is connected across the armature. It is used for constant
voltage application like in electric welding.
1 Schematic Wiring Diagram
------------*

3. Separately Excited Shunt Generator - its winding also called shunt field winding is connected to an
outside source ( a battery or another D.C. generator) It is used for
laboratory experiment purpose where voltage are likely to be varied.
Schematic Wiring Diagram Equivalent Circuit

o
FieU o
o
tody
o
o

4,Compound W'ound D.C. Generator - like compound wound D.C. motor. It has series field windings
and shunt field windings also either connected long shunt or short shunt.

Types o f compound Gen . according to field windings connection :

Long Shunt Schematic Diagram

£ shunt Sprite fi n
i
field wdg v-t
wdg i
t
si--
Short Shunt Schematic Diagram
DC GENERATOR FORMULAS:

1. Generated EMF
P$NZ
Eg =
60a
PZ
Let K =
60a
Eg = K<E>N.

Where:
P- number of poles
<E>- flux per pole in Weber
N- armature rotation in RPM
Z- total number of active conductor
Z= no. of slots x Conductor per slot
a- number of parallel paths
a,= mP
m - winding multiplicity
2 . Armature Winding:
Conduc tor Current, / = —

Coil Pitch, Ys = —~ K
P

Back &.Front Pitch (Progressive Winding)

Back Pitch, Y„ = — +1
p
FrontcPitch, YF = — -1
P
Commutator Pitch, Yc

Lap Winding, Yc = ±m
Wave Winding, Yc = <:- ^ -
P! 2
C- number of commutator bars or number of coils

3. Voltage Equation:

Series Generator
Eg = Vt + IaRa + IaRs + Vbc
 Shunt Generator
Eg = Vt + IaRa + Vbc
la = IL + If

Rf

Voltage/Speed Relation of DC Shunt Generators, N

Armature Power Generated, Pgen - Eg • la

Efficiency, 7
_ P° _ Vt IL
V'o v e r a l l
Pin Vt • IL + Copper Losses + SPL

Maximum Efficiency Condition

Variable Losses = Constant Losses

For Shunt Motor,
Ia2Ra = SPL + If2Rf
Constant Losses
Ia'=
Ra
IL'= Ia '-If

Vt *1L
Vm ax
Vt • Il '+2 •Constant Losses
 Types o f Compound Generator According to direction o f flux :

a) Cumulative Compound Generator - the series field aiding the shunt field to supply power
and lighting loads.

a - 1 Under Compounded - the full load terminal voltage is less than the no load
voltage. It is used when the load is near from the generator.
a - 2 Flat Compound - the full load terminal voltage is the same as the no load voltage,
it is used when the load is at medium distance from the generator.
a —3 Over Compounded - the full load terminal voltage is greater than the no load
voltage, il is used when the load is far from the generator.

b) Differential Compound Generator - the direction of flux of the series field winding opposes
the direction of flux of the shunt field winding. It is used electric welding.

Prime Movers
1. Hydraulic turbines
2. Steam Turbine
3. Internal Combustion Engine

* Note : Compensating Winding -Connected in series with the armature

- used to neutralize reaction
Interpole Winding - In series with the armature
- used for spark less commutations.
Diverter resistance - parallel with the series field.

PARALLEL OPERATION o f D C GENERATORS :

Conditions to he met for idea! operation o f D C generators in parallel arc

(L) The no-load voltages of both generators should be adjusted to the same value ( otherwise„
current will circulate through the two machines that will cause additional losses ).

(2.) The external characteristic curve of the two generators should be identical ( otherwise, the
generator will not share the load properly).

(3,) The polarity of the voltages of two generators must be “opposing” in the series circuit of the
two machines ( otherwise, large current will circulate in the armature windings of the generate
will damage the windings ).

(4.) For the case of compound generators in parallel there must be an 14Equalizer ’ connection to
make the operation stable ( otherwise, there will be “motorization”, i.e. one of the generator
will acts as a m otor).
 POWERLIne r e v ie w c e n t e r Inc.
The Ultimate E l Review Center
DC MACHINES REVIEW PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the voltage induced in the armature winding of a 4-pole, lap-wound, dc
machine having 728 conductors running at 1800rpm. Flux per pole is 0.03Wb.
A: 655.2 V C. 720.4 V
B. 468.2 V D. 236.4 V

2. A dc machine has a 4-pole, wave-wound armature with 46 slots and 16

conductors per slot. If the induced voltage in the armature is 480 V at 1200rpm,
determine the flux per pole.
A. 48 mWb C. 0.94 mW b
B. 1.2 mWb D. 16.3 mWb

3. A 115 volt shunt m otor has an armature whose resistance is 0.22 ohm. Assuming
voltage across the brush contact is 2 volts, what armature current will flow when
counter em f is 108 volts.
A. 22.7A C. 34.6 A
B. 31.8A D. 27.2 A

4. The nameplate rating of a shunt m otor is 150 hp, 600 volts, 205 amp, 1700 rpm.
The resistance of the shunt field is 240 ohms and the total arm ature resistance is
0.15 ohm. Calculate the counter emf.
A. 569.63 volts C. 569.25 volts
B. 586.52 volts D. 630.75 volts

5. The term inal voltage of a motor is 240 volts and its armature current is 60A. The
armature resistance is 0.08 ohm. W hat is the hp developed by the motor.
A. 18.92 C. 16.25
B. 17.26 D. 26.64

6. A certain load to be driven at 1750 rpm requires a torque of 60 Ib-ft. W hat hp will
be required to drive the load?
A. 20 C. 12
B. 15 D. 16

7. A shunt m otor is running at 1200 rpm for a load which requires an armature
current of 50 ampere from 230 volt source. At no load, the arm ature current is 5
amp. If the effect of armature reaction has reduced the air-gap flux by 2% from no
load to full load, determ ine the no load speed. The armature resistance is 0.15Q
A.. 1212 rpm C. 1200 rpm
B. 1012 rpm D. 1182 rpm

8. In a motor, the armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. W hen connected across 110 volts
mains, the arm ature takes 20 amp and it speed is 1200 rpm. Determ ine its speed
when the arm ature takes 50 A from the same mains, with field increased 10: :
A. 1023 rpm C. 1171 rpm
Bi 1061 rpm D. 1251 rpm
9. A 120-V dc shunt m otor having an armature circuit resistance of 0.2 ohm and field
circuit resistance of 60 ohms, draws a line current of 40A at full load. The brush
drop is 3-V and full load speed is 1800 rpm. W hat is the speed at 125% full load?
A 1765 rpm C. 3600 rpm
B. 1863 rpm D. 720 rpm

10. A Shunt generator while running light as a m otor at 1000 rpm takes 12 ampere
from 115-V mains. The field current is 7 A and the armature resistance is 0.03
ohm. Determine the stray power loss?
A. 574W C. 942W
B. 543W D. 862W

11. A shunt m otor runs at 1100 rpm, at 230 V, and draws a line current of 40 A. The
various losses are: core loss, 200 W; friction and windage loss, 180 W; electrical
loss due to brush contact, 37 W; stray-load loss, 37 W. The armature- and field-
circuit resistances are 0.25 Q and 230 £2, resp. Solve for m otor efficiency.
A. 89.56% C. 87.89%
B. 88.43% D. 92.48%

12. A 50 hp 500 volt shunt m otor draws a line current of 4.5 amp at no load. The
shunt field resistance is 250 ohms and the armature resistance is 0.3 ohm. The
brush drop is 2 volts. The full load line current is 84 amp. W hat is the efficiency?
A. 89.45% C. 86.25%
B. 87.26% D. 76.64%

13. Calculate the efficiency of a 230 Volt shunt m otor from the following data : Input
current is 19.8 Amp, balance reading is 14 lbs, tare weight is 2 lbs., brake arm is
2 ft long & Speed is 1100 rpm.
A.' 82.4 % C. 84.2 %
B. 8 1 .4 % D. 8 6 .5 %

14. A 230 Volts, 15 hpd.c. shunt m otor has friction and iron loss of 200 W . The
armature resistance is 0.3 ohm and shuntfield resistance is 115 ohms. W hat is
the maximum efficiency of the motor?
A. 86.9% C. 88.3%
B. 87.4% D. 85.1%

15. A 120 volts shunt m otor takes 75 A armature current at full load. Arm ature
resistance is 0.2 ohms and brush contact drop is 2 V. Find the starting resistance
to limit the starting torque to 150% of rated load torque at the instant of starting.
A. 0.85 Q C. 0.82Q
B. 0.82 Q D. 0.88 Q

16.The armature of a 230 volt shunt motor has a resistance of 0.18 ohm. A
resistance is inserted in series with the armature at the instant of starting so as
not to exceed 76 amp at starting, calculate the value to which this resistance can
be reduced when the armature accelerates until Ec is 168 volts. Brush drop is 2V
A. 0.61 Q C. 0.81 Q
B. 2.82 Q D. 0.28 Q
17. The armature circuit resistance of a 25 hp, 250 volts series m otor is 0.1 ohms.
The brush drop is 3 volt and the resistance of the series field is 0.05 ohm. When
the series m otor takes 85 amperes, the speed is 600 rpm. Calculate the speed
when the current is 40 am peres? >,
A. 1260 rpm C. 1282 rpm
B. 1171 rpm D. 1246 rpm

18. A series motor, having an armature resistance of 0.1 Q and a field resistance of
0.15 Q , takes 48 A at 230-V and 720 rpm. The total core and friction losses are
650 W. neglecting stray-load and brush-contact losses, calculate torque
developed.
A. 138.8 N-m C. 130.2 N-m
B. 141.8 N-m D. 113.6 N-m

19. A series motor, having an armature resistance of 0.1 Q and a field resistance of
0.15 Q , takes 48 A at 230 V and 720 rpm. The total core and friction losses are
650 W. neglecting stray-load and brush-contact losses, calculate the motor
efficiency.
A. 88.9% C. 83.6% -
B. 85.7% D. 78.6 %

20.A 10 hp, 230 Volt, 1000 rpm series motor, having rated efficiency of 85.5 %,
armature resistance including brushes of 0.28 Q and a field resistance of 0.15 £X
W hat value of starting resistance so that the starting torque is equal to 150 % of
the rated-load torque ?
A 4.95 Q C. 5.94 Q
B. 4.52 Q D. 4.67 Q

21. A six pole dynamo, with interpoles, requires 360 inductors on its armature, with
three turns per coil and two coil sides per slot. Determ ine the num ber of
com m utator bars.
•A. 60 C. 120
B. 90 D. 160

22. A four pole generator has 500 conductors on the armature. If the generator is
running at 1200 rpm, find the average voltage generated between brushes for
wave winding. The total flux per pole is 106 lines.
A. 200 V C. 120 V
B. 100 V D. 250 V

23. Assuming a constant field excitation, calculate the no-load voltage of a separately
excited generator the arm ature voltage is 150 volts at 1800 rpm. W hat is the
voltage if the speed is increased to 2000 rpm?
A . 167 C. 133
B. 120 D. 180
24. A 10 kW 250 volts self-excited generator, when delivering rated load, has an
armature-circuit voltage drop of 5% of the terminal voltage and a shunt field
current equal to 5% of the rated load current. Calculate the resistance of the field
circuit.
A. 125 ohms C. 500 ohms
B. 250 ohms D. 62.5 ohms

25.A self-excited s h u n t generator supplies a load of 12.5 kW at 125 V. the field

resistance is 25 £1 and the armature resistance is 0.1 Q . The total voltage drop
because of brush contact and armature reaction at this load is 3.5 V. calculate the
induced armature voltage.
A. 129 V C. 135 V
B. 263 V D. 139 V

26. A 2500 kW 600-V 16-pole generator has lap wound arm ature with 2360
conductors. If the pole face covers 65% of the entire circum ference, calculate the
number of pole face conductors in each pole of a com pensating winding.
A. 6 C. 5
B. 9 D. 4

27. A certain 110-volt shunt generator has an armature and brush resistance of 0.06
ohm at full load of 85 amp. The resistance of the shunt field is 45 ohms, and the
stray power losses are found to be 897 watts. Calculate the full load efficiency.
A. 85.2% C. 86.5%
B. 89.4% D. 84.9%

28. A 250 kW 230 volt compound generator is delivering 800 amp at 230 V. The
shunt field current is 12 amp. The arm ature resistance is 0.007 ohm and the
series field resistance is 0.002 ohm. The stray power at this load is 5500 watts.
The generator is connected long shunt. Determine the generator efficiency at this
load Stray load loss is 1% of output.
/ y 92% C. 95%
B. 94% D. 90%

29. A separately-excited dc generator has the following data: arm ature resistance,
0.04 Q ; field resistance, 110 Q ; total core and mechanical losses, 960 W;
voltage across the field, 230 V. the generator supplies a load at a terminal voltage
of 230 V. Calculate the maximum value of the generator efficiency.
A. 93.8% C. 93.2%
B. 92.7% D. 98.2%

30. Two shunt generators A & B running in parallel share a load o f 100 kW equally at
a terminal voltage of 230 volts. On no-load their voltage rises to 240 and 245 volts
respectively. How will they share the load when the total current is reduced to half
of its original value.
A. 20 kW & 30 kW C. 25kW each
B. 18 kW & 32 kW D. 1 5 k W & 3 5 k W
 DO Machines Supplementary Problems
1. Dirt on the motor commutator may produce___
A. isolation C. lower torque
B. excessive sparking D. power loss

2. If a motor frame is found excessively hot, which of the following is the LEAST likely cause
A. very high ambient temperature C. inadequate internal ventilation
B. faulty starter D. excessive loading

3. The simplest form of a motor controller i s ......

A. drum switch C. magnetic switch
B. relay D. toggle switch

4. Rapid stopping of motor by momentarily reversing its connections to the supply is ...
A. jogging C. inching
B. plugging D. sequence operation

5. A dc generator may loose its residual magnetism because o f ......

A. varying loads C. over-excitation
B. vibrations D. heating or overload

6. The simplest way to shift load from one dc shunt generator running in parallel with
another is to ..
A. adjust their fieldrheostatC. insert resistance in their armature circuits
B. adjust speeds oftheirprime movers D. use equalizer connections

7. For both lap and wave windings, there are as many commutator bars as the number of
A. poles % C. armature conductors
B. slots D. winding elements

8. It is a DC motor that tends to over-speed when the field opened while running.
A. shunt motor C. split phase motor
B. series motor D. over-compounded motor,

9. In DC shunt motors, how is the shunt field connected in relation with the armature?
A. parallel C. parallel series
B. series - parallel D. series

10. DC shunt motor are commonly used in what application?

A. high starting torque C. constant speed
B low no-load speed D. high speed

11. Which motor is used to start heavy loads?

A. shunt C. series
B. commulatively compound D. shaded pole

12. When the load is removed, which motor will run at the highest speed?
A. series C. shunt
B. commulatively compound D. Differentially compound

13. Which motor is suitable for elevator?

A. series C, shunt
B. commulatively compound D. Differentially compound
14 If a self-excited dc generator after being installed, fails to build up on its first trial run, the
first thing to do is to.
A. increase the field resistance C reverse field connections
B. check armature insulation resistance D. increase the speed of prime mover

15. The voltage regulation of over-compound generator is always

A. positive C. zero
B. negative D. high

16. A 240 volts dc shunt motor has an armature current of 50 ampere, armature resistance of
0.25 running at 1200 rpm. If it is run at 220 volts, what value of armature current when
driving the same load. The field is adjusted so that the speed remains at 1200 rpm.
A. 55 C. 60
B. 50 D. 57.5

17 A dc shunt motor develops 15 hp at 120 volts. The armature resistance is 0.061 ohm.
What is the armature current?
A. 95.81 Amperes C. 96.15 Amperes
B. 91.85 Amperes D. 98.15 Amperes

18. A dc shunt motor develops 15 hp at 120 V. The armature efficiency is 95%. What is the
back emf?
A. 114 volts C. 118 volts
B. 122 volts D. 117 volts

19. A 120 Volt shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.08 ohm and field resistance of
60 ohms. What current is drawn when its back emf is 114.8 volts.
A. 65 A C. 63 A
B. 67 A D. 70 A

20. A 440 volt 75 hp shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.185 ohm and a field
resistance of 350 ohms. The current drawn at full load is 135 amperes. What is the back
emf in volts?
A. 415.3 C. 394.8
. B. 398.3 D. 417.1

21. A 4 poles lap wound, dc machine has 728 active conductors running at 1800 rpm. The
flux per pole is 30 mWb, The armature current is 120 A, what is the electromagnetic
oower developed in the armature in kw?
A 72 4 C. 65.5
B 78.6 D. 62.4

22 The 3'~iature and field circuits of a 230 Volt shunt motor have resistance of 0.31 and 115
ohms 'espectively. It takes 52 Amp when operating at a certain load. What is the
ar"'a :jre power developed?
A 14.4 hp C. 7.5 hp
B 24.6 hp D. 12.4 hp

23 A 500 Volt shunt motor running at 720 rpm takes'an armature current of 50 Amp, its
effective resistance 0.40 ohm. W l^ n a resistance of 1.6 ohm is placed in series with the
armature, what is the new speed ? Assume that load torque is constant.
A. 720 rpm C. 750 rpm
B. 600 rpm D. 680 rpm
24. A dc shunt motor runs at 900 rpm from a 460V supply when taking an armature current of
25 A. Calculate the speed at which it will run from a 230V supply when taking an
armature current of 15A. The resistance of the armature circuit is 0.8 ohm. Assume flux
per pole at 230V have to decrease to 75% of its value at 460V
A. 495 C. 585
B. 485 p } 595

25. A separately-excited motor runs at 1045 rpm, with a constant field current, while taking
an armature current of 50 A at 120 V. the armature resistance is 0.1 Q . If the load on the
motor changes such that it now takes 95 A at 120 V, determine the motor speed at this
load.
A. 1004 rpm C. 1014 rpm
B. 1104 rpm D. 994 rpm

26. A 20-hp, 250-V shunt motor has an armature-circuit resistance of 0.22 Q and a field
resistance of 170 Q . At no-load and rated voltage, the speed’is 1200rpm and the
armature current is 3.0 A. at full-load and rated voltage, the line current is 55 A, and the
flux is reduced 6% (due to the effects of armature reaction) from its value at no-load.
What is the full load speed?
A. 1220 rpm C.)1200 rpm
B. 1188 rpm D. 1260 rpm

27. A shunt motor with an armature resistance of 0.15 ohm is running at 1200 rpm for a load
which requires of armature current of 50 ampere from a 230 volt source. At no load, the
armature current is 5 ampere. If the effect of armature reaction has reduced the air gap
flux 2% from no load to full load, what is the no load speed?
A. 1215 rpm C, 1,209 rpm
B. 1268 rpm D. j,2 1 2 rp m

28. The armature of a dc machine running at 1200 rpm carries 45 A in current. If the induced
armature voltage is 130 V, what is the torque developed by the armature?
A. 46.5 N-m C. 45.6 N-m
B. 4.65 N-m D. 456 N-m

29. Calculate the electromagnetic torque developed in the armature of a 4-pole, lap-wound
dc machine having 728 active conductors and running at 1800 rpm. The flux per pole is
30 mWb. The armature is designed to carry a maximum current of 100A.
A. 34.76 N-m C. 347.6 N-m
B. 3.476 N-m D. 3476 N-m

30. A 4-pole motor is lap wound with 728 conductors, and has a flux of 25 mWb per pole.
The armature takes 50 A in current; the resultant demagnetizing effect due to armature
reaction reduces the air-gap flux by 5%. Calculate the developed torque.
A. 137.6 N-m C. 144.8 N-m
B. 167.3N-m D. 176.3 N-m

31. The armature of a motor has of 400 active conductors, the flux density in the field being
3000 gauss. The axial length of the armature is 20.32 cm. The current is 30 amperes.
Determine the total force exerted in the armature.
A .> 31.5 N C. 0.07 N r - & \l ^
B. 645.9 N D. 439.2 N
32. A dc motor takes an armature current of 105 Amp at 480 volts when running at 720 rpm.
The resistance of the armature circuit is 0.2 ohm and the field resistance is 96 ohms.
What is the torque developed in the armature ?
A. 668 N-m C. 752 N-m
B. 610 N-m D. 639 N-m

33. An electric motor develops 20 metric HP at a speed of 600 rpm. What is the torque?
A: 240 N-m C. 210 N-m
B. 290 N-m D. 260 N-m

34. A 4-pole lap-wound' armature has 144 slotswith two coil sides per slot, each coilhaving
two turns. If the flux per pole is20mWb andthe armature rotates at 720rpm. What is the
induced voitage?
A. 138.24 V C. 69.12 V
B. 34.96 V D. 276.48 V

35. A d.c. shunt motor develops 7.8 hp at 120 Volt, the armature efficiency is 93%. What is
the armature effective resistance?
A. 0.1 ohm C. 0.16 ohm
B. 0 06 ohm D. 0.05 ohm

36. A certain shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.05. It draws 50 amperes at a
terminal voltage of 120! volts. Assume other miscellaneous losses of 1%. Determine the
output horsepower of the motor.
A. 8.5 hp C. 6.8 hp
B. 7.1 hp D. 7.8 hp

37. In a brake test the effective load on the branch pulley was 38.1 kg, the effective diameter
of the pulley is 63.5 cm and the speed is 12 r.p.s. The motor took 49 ampere at 220 volts.
What is the efficiency at this load?
A. 85% C. 86%
B 80% D) 83%

38. A 240 volt d.c. motor on brake test took 52 Amp when running at 1500 rpm. The spring
balance at the end of the 76 cm brake arm reads 93.5 N. What is the efficiency of the
motor at this load ?
A. 0.85 C. 0.90
B. 0.95 , D. 0.86

39. The shaft power of a shunt motor is 7.8 hp. Its armature draws 50 Amperes from 120
Volts. The field winding draws 1.2 Amp. What is the efficiency of the motor?
A. 94.7% C. 96.5%
B: 93 % D. 98.2 %

40. A 15 hp 220 volt, 1200 rpm shunt motor takes 50 Amperes. Its armature resistance is 0.1
ohm and field resistance is 220 ohms. Brush contact voltage drop is 2 volts, Friction and
windage loss is 400 watts and stray load loss of 1% of the output. Calculate the
efficiency.
A. 91.8% C. 90.4%
B. 92.4% D. 94.6%
41. A 250-V, 10-hp shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Q and a field resistance of
250 Q . The motor takes a current of 5 A on no-land and 37.1 A on rated load. Determine
its rated-load efficiency.
A. 88.4% C. 86.5%
B. 76.4% D. 79.7%

42. A shunt m otor runs at 1100 rpm, at 230 V, and draws a line current of 40 A.The
armature- and field-circuit resistances are 0.25 Q and 230 Q , respectively.
Calculate the m otor speed if the output power is reduced by 50%
A. 1125 rpm K' , C. 1080 rpm
B. 1344 rpm J K) D. 2200 rpm
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43. A 440 Volt shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.8 ohm and field resistance of
200 ohms. What is the armature power developed when giving an output of 7.46 kW at
85% efficiency.
A. 7.56 kW C. 7.46 kW
B. 8.46 kW D. 7.23 kW

44. In a 5 Hp, 230 Volt, 1500 rpm shunt motor, the resistance of the armature including
brushes is 0.175 ohm and that of the shunt field is 610 ohms. The stray power losses
when the motor delivers rated load at rated voltage is 305 watts. The efficiency at rated
load is nearest to.......
A. 98% C. 90 %
B. 89% D. 85%

45. A 10-hp, 230-V shunt motor takes a full-load line current of 40 A. the armature and field
resistances are 0.25 Q and 230 Q , respectively. The total brush-contact drop is 2 V and
the core and friction losses are 380 W. calculate the efficiency of the motor. Assume that
stray-load loss is 1% of output. **** ^ -%:
A. 78.6% C. 96.4%
B. 87.6% D. 83.5%

46. A 15 hp 220-volt shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.07 ohm. and a shunt
■resistance of 200 ohms. The overall efficiency at rated output is 89%, What is the
rotational loss?
A 688 watts C. 921 watts
B; 1,383 watts Voip i / , D. 242 watts
fh o st 3
47. A 5 Hp, 230 V shunt motor takes 18 Amperes when operating at full load. The shunt field
resistance is 115 ohms and the armature resistance is 0.25 ohm. Calculate the starter
resistance if the starting torque is limited to 1.5 times the full load torque (take a 3-V
brush drop).
A. 13.94 Q C. 9.46 Q
B. 9.2 Q D. 9.33 Q

48. A shunt motor yvith armature resistance of 0.12 Q and designed to operate at 115 V, is
taking 60 A in armature current at full-load. Determine the value of the external
resistance to be inserted inthearmature circuit so that the armature current shall not
exceed twice its full-load value at starting.
A. 0.838 ohms C. 0.808 ohms
B. 0.883 ohms D. 0.788 ohms
49 A 20 Hp, 240 V shunt motor takes 72 Amperes when operating at full load. The shunt
field resistance is 240 ohms and the armature resistance is 0.22 ohm. Calculate the
starter resistance if the starting torque is limited to 1.5 times the full load torque (take a
3-V brush drop).
A. 4Q C. 6 Q
B. 2Q D. 1.8 Q

50. A dc series motor develops 180 lbs.-ft of torque when the is current is 30 Amp. The load
increases so that the motor current rises to 50 Amp. The torque now is...
A 500 lbs.-ft C. 64.8 Ibs.-ft
B. 300 Ibs.-ft D. 108 Ibs.-ft

51. A series motor, having an armature resistance of 0.1 Q and a field resistance of 0.15 Q ,
takes 48 A at 230 V and 720 rpm. The total core and friction losses are 650 W. neglecting
stray-load and brush-contact losses, calculate output power at the shaft.
A. 11.36 HP C. 13.16 HP
B. 16.13 HP D. 113.6 HP

52. For a 4-pole, 2 -layer, dc lap-winding with 20 slots and one conductor per layer, the
number of commutator bars is.
A. 80 C. 40
B. 20 D. 160

53. A 4 pole, lap-wound dc armature, the back pitch is 17, if the winding is progressive what
is the front pitch?
A. 15 C. 17
B. 13 D. 16

54. In a 4 pole, 54 slot d.c. armature, calculate the coil span .

A. 18 C. 14
B. 9 D. 13

55. If the armature of an eight-pole dc machine were wound with a simplex wave winding.
' How many parallel paths would there be ?
A. 16 paths C. 8 paths
B. 2 paths D. 4 paths

56. In a 4 pole, 35 slot d.c. armature, calculate the coil span .

A. 8 slots C. 10 slots
B. 7 slots D. 9 slots

57. A 4 pole, 12 slot lap-wound dc armature has two coil side/slot. Assuming single turn coil,
calculate the back pitch for progressive and retrogressive winding.
A. 5 & 3 C. 7 & 5
B. 3 & 5 D. 6 & 4

58. In a 10 pole, lap wound dc armature, the number of active armature conductor per pole is
50. The number of compensating conductor per pole required is
A. 5 C. 50
B 500 D. 10
59. A 4 pole dc generator with simplex lap winding has 48 slots and four element per slot.
The flux per pole is 2.5 x 106 maxwells and it runs at 1,500 rpm. What is the output
voltage ?
A. 60 Volts C. 225 Volts
B. 360 Volts D. 120 Volts

60. A 4 pole dc generator with duplex lap winding has 48 slots and four element per slot. The
flux per pole is 2.5 x 106 maxwells and it runs at 1,500 rpm. What is the output voltage ?
A. 60 Volts C 225 Volts
B. 480 Volts D. 120 Volts

61. A separately excited generator generates 230 volts when driven at 1200 rpm, If the flux is
decrease by 10%, What is the new emf with speed remains the same.
A. 230 volts C. 207 volts
B. 256 volts D. 253 volts

62. The input current to a 220 volts, long shunt compound motor at no load is 6 amp. The
shunt field circuit resistance is 220 ohms, the armature resistance is 0.1 ohm and series
field resistance is 0.08 ohm. What is the stray power loss?
A. 1095.5W —" C. 1086.5W
B. 1097.5W D. 1189.6W

63. A 20-kW 220-volt shunt generator has an armature resistance of 0.07 ohm and a shunt
resistance of 200 ohms. Determine the power developed in the armature when it delivers
its rated output.
A. 27.9 kW C. 19.2 kW
B. 20.83 kW D. 25.7 kW

64. The pulley of an old gen-set has a diameter of 20 inches. The belt exerts a pull of 353 lbs
on the pulley . the gen-set runs at 900 rpm. What is the approximate kW rating of the
gen-set ? , < y
A. 75 C. 200
B. 250 D. 35

65. A 288 volt shunt generator has constant losses of 2880 Watts. The armature circuit
resistance is 0.20 ohm and field resistance of 144 ohms. If the generator is delivering
power at maximum efficiency, then its armature current is.
A. 10 A C. 130 A
B. 120 A D. 64 A

66. A 400- kW, 600 volt, d-c shunt generator has an armature resistance of 0.03 ohm. The
field resistance is 48 ohms. The stray power loss for this machine at rated voltage and
speed is 7200 watts, What is the maximum efficiency?
A. 93.4% C. 95.3%
B. 96.3% D. 98.5%

67. A shunt generator delivers 195 Amp of terminal of voltage 250 Volts. The armature
resistance and shunt field resistances are 0.02 ohm and 50 ohms respectively. The iron
and friction losses equal to 950 watts. What is the overall efficiency?
A 94 % C. 96 %
B. 98% D. 95%

J
68. A 440 Volt long shunt generator has a full-load current of 200 Amp. Its armature
resistance, series field resistance and shunt field resistances are 0.02 ohm, 0.04 ohm
and 100 ohms respectively, the stray load losses are 2000 Watts. What is the full-load
efficiency of generator ?
A. 97% C. 98%
B. 95% D. 93%

69. A 25 kW, 500 volts long shunt compound generator delivers a full load. It has armature,
series field and shunt field resistances of 0.05fi, 0.03Q and 250Q respectively. What is
the generated voltage allowing 3 V for brush contact drop?
A. 496 V C. 503 V
B. 507 V D. 484 V

70. A long-shunt compound generator supplies 50 kW at 230 V. the total field- and armature-
circuit resistances are 46 Q and 0.03 Q , respectively. The brush-contact drop is 2 V.
Determine the percent voltage regulation. Neglect the armature reaction.
A. 3.97% . C. 2.9%
B. 3.57% D. 3.77%

71. A 100-kW, 230-V, shunt generator has Ra= 0.05 Q and Rf= 57.5 Q . If the generator
operates at rated voltage, calculate the induced voltage at half full-load. Neglect brush-
contact drop.
A. 241 V C. 252 V
B. 230 V D. 238.2V

72. A 50-kW, 250-V short-shunt-compound generator has the following data: Ra = 0.06 Q ,
R xe = 0 04 Q and R f = 125Q. Calculate the induced armature voltage at rated load and
terminal voltage. Take 2 V as the total brush-contact drop.
A 270.12V C. 272.12 V
B. 268.24 V D. 274.12 V

73. A 50-kW 460-volt shunt generator has a voltage regulation of 8.7 percent, Calculate the
no-load terminal voltage.
A. 475 C. 505
B. 500 D. 490

74. Two shunt generators A and B, with ratings of 150 kW and 100 kW respectively having
identical straight-line voltage vs. percent kW output characteristic, are connected in
parallel. The no-load and full-load voltage of 255 and 230 volts, calculate the kW
output of each when the total load shared is 200 kW.
A. 110 kW & 90 kW C. 1 2 0 k W & 8 0 k W
B. 150 kW & 50 kW D. 1 2 5 k W & 7 5 k W

75. Two shunt generators A and B, with ratings of 250 and 400 kW respectively having
equal no-load voltage of 260 volts and full-load voltage of 240 volts, calculate the load
of each when the total load shared is 600 kW.
A. 231 kW & 369 kW C. 242 kW & 358 kW
B. 238kW & 362 kW D. 234 kW & 366 kW

Practice Makes Perfect!!!