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SethoHadisuyatmana,S.Kep.Ns
NursingTheoriesHistory
Era CrimeanWar Event Nigh<ngalefoundabodyof educatedwomen BasicCurriculum Studytolearnhowtonurse ImpactonNursing InMid1930s standardized curriculumpublished
Changesfromhospitalbased touniversitybased curriculum Mid1970s Lackedconceptualconnec<onsand Standardiza<oncurricula theore<calframeworksrevealed andDoctoralDegreein (Batey,1977) Nursingwasrstinisiated DevelopmentofNursingtheories Theore<calandBodyof Knowledgeevolved Changesfrom voca<onalto profesional Signicantchangesin intelectualskilland nursingapproach
1980s
Theore<calWorks
Philosophies ConceptualModelsand Theories GrandTheories Levine Rogers Orem King Neuman Roy Johnson BoykinandSchoenhofer Orlando Pender Leininger Neuman Parse Erickson,Tomlinand Swain HustedandHusted MidRangeNursing Theories Mercer Mishel Reed WienerandDodd Eakes,Burke,and Hainsworth Barker Kolcaba Beck Swanson RulandandMoore Nigh<ngale Watson Ray Benner Mar<nsen Eriksson
DorotheaE.Orem
SELFCAREDEFICITNURSING THEORY
MainFeatures
Oremdenedhertheoryconsistofthreerelated theories: Selfcarewhyandhowpeoplemaintain themselves. Selfcaredecitwhypeopleneednurses helps. Nursingsystemsexplainsaboutmaintaining nursingsystemstobebrought.
SelfCarevsSelfCareRequisites
SelfCareonbehalfoftheirowninterestto maintainfunc<ons SelfCareRequisitesFactorsthatneedtobe controlled,andNatureofpurposedonself care.
ConceptualFramework
Selfcare
SC demands
SCagency Condi<oningFactors
Decit
NsAgency
Condi<oningFactors
MadeleineLeiningers
CULTURECARETHEORYOF DIVERSITYANDUNIVERSALITY
BriefReview
1960sbecametheintroduc<onyeartothe terms:transculturalnursing,ethnonursing, andcrossculturalnursing Firstlyintroducedaseldexperience. However,Leiningerassumedthatdierent culturemeansofitspercep<on,language, norms,life,value,buts<llhavecommonali<es tocareamongmembers.
Dis<nctfeatures
Focusedexplicitlyondiscoveringholis<cand comprehensiveculturecare MajorConcepts:
Humancareandcaring(enabling) Culture(materialandnonmaterial) CultureCare(SynthesizesCulture) Culturecarediversity
con<nued
Culturecareuniversality(commonali<eson severalaspects) Worldview(howpeopleperceivedworld basedtotheirculturalview) CulturalandSocialstructuredimensions Environmentalcontext Ethnohistory
Cont.
Emic(howcomm.Reacttophenomenon) E<c(howoutsiderreacttophenomenon) Health(localdeni<on) TransculturalNursing
ApproachingMethod
CulturecarePreserva<onorMaintenance
Assis<veuptoenablingtocomm.CDM.
CulturecareAccommoda<onorNego<a<on
Toadaptnewvalueneededintermsofhealth
CulturecareRepaaerningorRestructuring
Modify,reordernewlifepaaern
CulturallyCompetentnursingcare
Totgenerallifeways
NolaJ.Pender
HEALTHPROMOTIONMODEL
AccordingtoPender
Healthpromo<onanddiseasepreven<on shouldbeintherstlineofhealthcare, howeverifthatfail,caringtheillnessbecomes thenextpriority.(Pender,2006). Thetwoconcept:
HealthPromo<on:increasewellbeing,while HealthProtec<on:mo<vatedtoavoiddisease(Kozier, 2004)
Theore<calFramework
CHNPrac<ceandAplica<on
AssessmentandInterven<on
PRB:Priorrelatedbehavior PF :Bio=Physical,Psychosocial,&Cultural PBA:Expectedoutcome PBarA:Expectedbarrierstowardtheaaainment ARA:ControlledFeeling SI,II,CPA,ICDP
CHNDiagnoses
RefertoNANDA20122014
Implementa<on
HealthEduca<on IndependentAc<on=Community Empowerment Collabora<onAc<on=Partnership MonitoringandEvalua<on
MerleH.Mishel
UNCERTAINTYINILLNESSTHEORY
Dis<nc<on
Uncertaintyexistinillnesssitua<onsthatare ambiguous,complex,unpredictableandwhen informa<onisunavailableorinconsistent. Uncertaintyisdenedastheinabilityto determinethemeaningodillnessrelated situa<on. Merelyittalksaboutcogni<vestatewhen someonecannotcategorizeanillnessevent becauseofinsucientcues.
con<nued
Itisabouthowpa<entcogni<velyinterprets theuncertaintyofoutcomeandtreatment TheThreemajorthemes:
Antecedentsofuncertainty Appraisalofuncertainty Copingwithuncertainty
Antecendents
S<muliFrame:Percep<ontowardsthes<muli whichisthenstructuredintocogni<veschema (Mishel,1988). Cogni<veScheme:Subjec<veinterpreta<onof illnessandtherapies Cogni<vecapacity:Capacitytoprocess informa<on StructureProviders:Assis<veresourceto interprettheS<muliFrame
Appraisal
Inference:Evalua<onofuncertaintyby recallingmemories Illusion:Beliefconstructed
Coping
Adapta<on:Biophysicalbehaviorthatappear inrangeofusualbehavior TheUITaimstoreachthestablepreviousstate, whereastheReconceptualisa<onUIT(RUIT)isa valuablesystemtoreachthenewvalue
Interven<onMethod
Itisdemonstratedeec<velyinteachingto manageuncertaintybybuildingcapacityin cogni<vereframing,enhancecommunica<on betweenclientprovider,andpossibleeectof changes. Itrequiresandfocusesinahighlyassis<ve capacity
CHNAssessment
S<muliFrame:
SignandSymptom Previousevent Congruencypasteventsandexperiences Cogni<vebackground
Cogni<veCapaci<es: StructureProviders:
Localauthoritycapacitytosupportcommunity Socialsupportandappraisalandpar<cipa<on Educa<onresourceavailability
CHNAssessment
Illusion:
Localwisdomrelatedtovalueandbelief
Inference:
Gainingalterna<veeortsthroughrecalling memories.
Possibleassessmentmethod
Primaryandsecondaryassessmentfocusing onthemainproblemofcommunity,thatare followedsuchas:
FGD WindshieldSurvey Sampling Resourcestudy Etc.
Interven<on
However,theinterven<onthataremen<oned arealterna<vesrespec<velyregardingtotheCHN methods,suchas:
CommunityasClient(McFarlane) CommunityasPartner(McFarlane) SCDNT(Orem) SunriseModel(Leininger) HPM(Pender)
Bibliography
Alligood(2006).NursingTheoristandTheirWorks6thed.Mosby. Kozier,B.,Erb,G.,Berman,A.,Snyder,S.(2004).Fundamentalsof Nursing:Concepts,Process,andPrac=ce.7thEdi=on.Philippines: PearsonEduca<onSouthAsiaPteLtd Smith,MarryJaneandLiehr,Patricia(2008).MiddleRangeTheoryof Nursing.SpringerPublishingCompany.