Drilling Fluids and Hydraulic
Lecture (No.1)
Dr. Mohammed Ali Alrashedi
Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Department
Email:dr.mohammed.ali@uomosul.edu.iq
Lecture content:
1- Syllabus:
2- References:
A- Well Engineering and construction, Hussain Rabia.
B- Drilling Engineering Workbook, Baker Hughes, 1995.
C- Other Information Resources: From Internet.
D-)اكرم الهيتي. هندسة حفر األبار النفطية (د:الكتاب العربي
Syllabus:
Introduction to drilling
Classification of drilling operations
Properties and functions of drilling fluid
Types and properties of clay in water
Types of drilling fluids
Drilling hazards dependent on mud control
Drilling mud calculations
Drilling methods (cable tool drilling, rotary drilling), basic
component of rotary drilling equipment
Drilling string and accessories
Types of bits
DRILLING ENGINEERING
Introduction:
It is the science and art of drilling wells through the rocks in order to obtain and
extract natural resources such (petroleum, natural gas, minerals such as sulfur, water,
etc). Drilling is used for the following main purposes:-
1- Production of oil and gas from oil and gas reservoirs.
2- Exploration: to explore new reservoirs or to ensure the capabilities of the present
reservoirs.
3- Drilling water wells: to produce water for human and agricultural or industrial use.
4- Drilling in mines: to ventilate the mine or to remove water or as safety passages.
Although drilling is used in all the above mentioned areas; still drilling for oil and gas is
the main important use of drilling and was the most factor that caused the development
of drilling engineering.
Development of drilling operations
Ancient Egyptians drilled for samples when they build the pyramids, also at
1700 B.C. chins drilled wells of 500 ft deep to obtain salt water in order to extract
salt from it. They were digging using a bamboo wood stick.
Modern drilling for oil started at Baku in 1848 when Russians used (percussion or
cable-tool drilling).
The first oil well was drilled in pennsylvania. The procedure used was dry-
percussion method using a steel rod and rope.
After that (Hydraulic-percussion) method was used. It employs water to circulate in
the well and remove cuttings.
At 1901; rotary drilling was introduced in America. It employs a rotary table to
rotate a drill string this method led to:
1- Higher drilling speed.
2- Deeper wells.
Since then rotary drilling become the most used technique for drilling oil
wells.
In the 1902’s and 1930’s turbine motors and multistage motors were used for
rotating the bit.
Rotary drilling is widely used today’s. With today’s technology, depths up to
12000 m can be reached for geologic studies of the deep formations.
Classification of drilling operations
A) Classification according to purpose:
1) Drilling for geologic purposes and to obtain data and core samples.
A) Drilling for lithologic and tectonic in formations.
B) Reference drilling: to obtain data about specific formations.
C) Exploration drilling: to obtain data about certain reservoir, like thickness and volume of
oil and size of reservoir.
This include: preliminary, enlarging, outlining.
2) Exploration drilling: performed in areas where exploration has ended. In order to
produce commercially from the field.
3) Injection drilling: these wells are drilling in old fields for secondary recovery purposes.
4) Drilling for exploitation continuation: to increase production of the field in successive
stages.
B) Classification according to the energy used operates the rig
1) Manual drilling
2) Mechanical drilling
a. Steam turbine
b. Internal combustion motors
c. Electric motors
C) Classification according to the energy used to remove cuttings
1) Mechanical lifting
2) Hydro mechanical lifting
3) Thermal lifting
• Position of Drilling Fluid Engineer
The Drilling Supervisor and Mud Engineer are jointly responsible for seeing that the drilling
fluid properly performs these functions
➢ Mud in Hole
Exploration Evaluation Drilling
Completion Production Separation
Treatment Transport Refining
Treatment Transport End Users
11
Thanks
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