Higher Technological Institute

10th of Ramadan City

Chemical Engineering Department

Drilling
Presented by: Mohamed badr
ID: 20120896
Subject: Chemical Technology Lab CHE 227
Supervision:
Dr. Maha Abd Alkareem
Eng. Aya Ezz
 Contents
• Introduction
• Drilling methods
• Types of drilling rigs
• Rig design
• Drilling bit
• Summary

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Drilling for oil and gas is one of the most dynamic and exciting
professions in the world.
It is a relationship between distance and time

What are the drilling methods?

There are three main methods or techniques for drilling :

1. Percussion drilling.
2. Rotary drilling.
3. Electro drilling

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Percussion drilling:

The oldest drilling technique is

percussion or cable drilling. This slow,
limited depth method, which is seldom
used, involves crushing rock by raising
and dropping a heavy chisel bit and
stem on the end of a cable.

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Rotary drilling:

Rotary drilling is also one of the

most common methods of drilling
wells, which boast of depths that
exceed five miles below the
ground.

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Electro drilling:
In this method, rotary tables, winches and
all equipment are driven by electric
motors, thus leading to better flexibility in
operations along with remote-controlled
drilling. These drills are new methods of
oil and gas exploration, as they provide
more direct power to the drill bit by
connecting the motor above the bit,
below the hole.
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Types of drilling rigs

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Barge rig:

A drilling barge is used in

shallow water such as lakes,
rivers, and canals. Drilling
barges are not designed to
handle the harsh conditions
common in deep open water
offshore drilling so their use
is strictly limited to inland
operations.
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Jack-up rig:
A jack-up is a drilling rig used
offshore drilling that is very
similar to a drilling barge but
with three to four supporting
legs. The jack-up gets
transported to the drill site with
its legs up, It is much safer to
operate than a drilling barge
because only the rig's legs are
in the path of ocean currents
and waves and not the entire
platform and drilling package. It
operates at a depth of 500ft.
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Semi-submersible rig:
A semisubmersible rig is the
most common type off
offshore drilling rig used
today by the petroleum
industry to dig oil and gas
wells. The upper hull serves
as the living headquarters for
the drilling crew while the
lower hull is filled with air to
make the entire rig buoyant.
It operates at a depth of
10,000 ft. 10
Drill-Ships:
A specially designed ship comes
equipped with a drilling derrick,
moon pool, and specialized
mooring and positioning
equipment that helps stabilize the
ship in treacherous water or
weather conditions. With their
great mobility and larger loading
capabilities, drill ships are used
extensively in the drilling of
exploratory oil wells. It operates
at a depth of 12,000 ft.
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Land rig:

The rig which is used

in land (onshore)
areas. It’s classified
into heavy land rig and
light land rig.

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What are the main
components of drilling rig ?

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Drilling mud:

• They are ground chemical materials, mixed with water, until

they form a dense liquid, so that this liquid is pumped into
the drilling pipes to reach the hole head through huge
pumps inside the cavity, then this clay comes out through the
holes, to push from the bottom of the well to the top
Carrying with him the rock crumbs resulting from the drilling
process, as it passes on the surface separately from the rock
crumbs, and then pushes the slurry into the pipe cavity again
to form what is known as the drilling mud cycle.

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Function of drilling mud:
• Carry cuttings from the hole and permit their separation at
the surface
• Cool and clean the bit
• Reduce friction between the drill pipe and wellbore or casing
• Maintain the stability of the wellbore.
• Prevent the inflow of fluids from the wellbore
• Be non-hazardous to the environment and personnel. At any
time in the process of drilling a well one or more of these
functions take precedence over the others.
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Well lining:
• This step begins when the well reaches a certain depth,
where the well is lined with a steel tube called the liner tube
as this tube is lowered from the top of the well to its
bottomand it is fixed by pumping a specific quality of cement
between the well of the well and the tube.

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Drilling head:
It is a metal block, and it is of various geometrical forms,
its edges are sharp in the form of gears, to break up the
rocks, and it also contains holes at the bottom that
allow the mud to rush through the hole cavity Drilling
bit sizes vary from 3.5 inch to 36 inches.

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Blowout preventer:
• Device to control and stop erratic
pressures and prevent blowout.
• The Blowout Preventer is comprised of
four main components, stacked one
upon another. They are the annular
preventer, blind ram, blind shear ram,
and the pipe ram.

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Would anyone like to ask any questions?

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