THE CIPP EVALUATION MODEL
JUNE SPENCER CERA
2024
College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Cabagan, Isabela, Philippines
What is Evaluation?
Evaluation is a continuous process of assessing the value of something based on criteria of defined
objectives.
What are to be addressed in an evaluation?
1. Needs – what are the target needs?
2. Solution – what are the methods for meeting the needs?
3. Implementation – is the solution adequately conducted?
4. Outcomes – were the target needs achieved? What are the extents of the outcomes?
Evaluation
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
What is CIPP Evaluation Model?
Effective evaluation requires a definitive foundation of an activity's aspects, including a proper
definition of the project title, objectives, and methodology. Evaluations also need a collaborative effort to
assess the performance of a given program, project, or activity. The CIPP is an evaluation approach that
stands to Context, Inputs, Process, and Products. It is an evaluation that can be used to assess in a formative
or summative way throughout the program.
Fundamental Questions
1. What needs to be achieved?
2. How can the needs be achieved?
3. Is it being achieved?
4. Is it successful?
Context Evaluation
The first step of CIPP Evaluation is assessing the present problems, needs, resources,
opportunities, and conditions deemed as priorities. In this way, concise step-by-step attainment of
the objectives will be achieved. This answers the question, "what needs to be achieved?" During
the context evaluation, the evaluator must update the previously assessed program's context
information to determine any possible changes, including the relevance of the set goals.
Tools for Context Evaluation
Context evaluation employs many tools or techniques to give a meaningful result
for decision-making and planning. It includes procedures that include case studies,
diagnostic tests, demographic analysis, document reviews, epidemiological studies,
hearings, historical analysis, interviews, literature reviews, problem analysis, records
analysis, secondary data, surveys, system analysis, site visits, and the Delphi technique.
Input Evaluation
The Input Evaluation assesses the planning, staffing, and budgeting, including the
efficiency of achieving the set objectives. This part of the CIPP evaluation is a comparative or
noncomparative, as it identifies alternatives in attaining the program goals or assessment of just
the plan and the components.
The input evaluation also assists the planning by identification of different options in
management, budget, performance measures, and service providers. The evaluator, support
planning, and decision-making for plan development and budget will provide the needed
information. The input evaluation answers the question, "how the needs can be achieved?"
Tools for Input Evaluation
The input evaluation may include a combination of the tools such as background
checks, content analysis, document analysis, interviews, literature searches, visits to other
successful programs, team studies, and trials.
Process Evaluation
The process evaluation includes the activities such as monitoring, documenting, assessing,
reporting, and implementing the program's plans. The process evaluation requires continuous
feedback throughout the program's implementation. Then it reports to the decision-makers to
determine the limit to which the program can be conducted as needed and intended. A good process
evaluation will result in the efficient flow of the program and effective management of the
activities. The process evaluation also helps adjust to possible changes as the program progresses.
The process evaluation answers the question, "is it being achieved?"
Tools for Process Evaluation
The relevant tools for process evaluation may include diaries and journal books,
feedbacking identification of barriers, including the unanticipated ones, interaction with
staff and stakeholders, obtaining information for implementation decisions, process
documentation, and site and activity observation.
Product Evaluation
The product evaluation assesses the program's intended or unintended outcomes. The focus
can be the impact, effectiveness, transportability, sustainability, or adjustment that will determine
the program's success. Thus, answering the question, "is it successful?"
Tools for Product Evaluation
The product evaluation may employ tools that are either quantitatively or
qualitatively. Data may be obtained using checklists of expected outcomes, cost-
effectiveness analysis, documentation of participation, experimental design, goal-free
evaluation, interviews, objective measurement, photographic records, rating scales,
surveys, and trend studies.
References
Stufflebeam, D. (2003). The CIPP model of evaluation. In T. Kellaghan, D. Stufflebeam & L. Wingate
(Eds.), Springer international handbooks of education: International handbook of educational
evaluation.
Stufflebeam, D. L., & Zhang, G. (2017). The CIPP evaluation model: How to evaluate for improvement
and accountability. Guilford Publications.
