Term 3 -Grade: 8 Baseline Assessment

Topic: Settlement
Sub-topic: Rural Settlements
Total Marks: 26
Time: 30 minutes

Instructions:

 Answer all questions.

 Write neatly and clearly.
 Use full sentences where required.

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D).

1. Which of the following is an example of a rural settlement?

A. City
B. Town
C. Village
D. Suburb ANSWER__________________
2. A settlement made up of one or two buildings far from other houses is called:
A. Hamlet
B. Isolated farmstead
C. Village
D. City ANSWER__________________
3. People living in rural areas mostly work in:
A. Banking
B. Manufacturing
C. Farming
D. IT services ANSWER__________________
4. A hamlet is best described as:
A. A large rural town
B. A collection of a few houses
C. A single farm building
D. An urban neighborhood ANSWER__________________
5. Fishing is most likely to be an economic activity in a rural area that is:
A. In a desert
B. Near a forest
C. Near the sea or a lake
D. On a mountain ANSWER__________________

1x5(5)
Question 2: Match the Column

Match the rural settlement type in Column A with its correct description in Column B. Write
your answers like this: A–3, B–2,

Column A Column B Answers

A. Village 1. A group of a few houses, smaller than a village
B. Isolated Farmstead 2. A single house or farm, far from other buildings
C. Hamlet 3. A large rural settlement with shops and a school
D. Fishing 4. Catching fish for food or trade
E. Forestry 5. Cutting down trees and using wood for building/fuel
1x5(5)

Question 3: Short Answer Questions

Answer in full sentences.

1. What is a rural settlement? 1x2(2)

___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. List and briefly describe THREE types of rural settlements. 3x2(6)

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. Name and explain TWO economic activities people do in rural settlements.2x2(4)

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

4. Why are villages often larger than hamlets? 1x2(2)

___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

5. How does geography influence the type of economic activities in rural areas (e.g.,
fishing near the coast)? 1x2(2)

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
MARKING GUIDELINES
Term 3 -Grade: 8 Baseline Assessment
Topic: Settlement
Sub-topic: Rural Settlements
Total Marks: 26

Question 1: Multiple Choice

1. C. Village
2. B. Isolated farmstead
3. C. Farming
4. B. A collection of a few houses
5. C. Near the sea or a lake
1x5(5)

Question 2: Match the Column

 A – 3 (Village – A large rural settlement with shops and a school)

 B – 2 (Isolated Farmstead – A single house or farm, far from other buildings)
 C – 1 (Hamlet – A group of a few houses, smaller than a village)
 D – 4 (Fishing – Catching fish for food or trade)
 E – 5 (Forestry – Cutting down trees and using wood for building/fuel)
1x5(5)

Question 3: Short Answer

1. What is a rural settlement? 1x2(2)

o A rural settlement is a small community or group of people living in the
countryside, where there is low population density and people mainly work in
primary activities like farming or fishing.
2. List and briefly describe THREE types of rural settlements. 3x2(6)
o Isolated Farmstead: A single house or farm located far from others.
o Hamlet: A small cluster of houses, smaller than a village.
o Village: A larger rural settlement with houses, shops, and sometimes schools
or clinics.
3. Name and explain TWO economic activities people do in rural settlements. 2x2(4)
o Farming: Growing crops or raising animals for food or trade.
o Fishing: Catching fish in rivers, lakes, or the sea for local consumption or
trade.
(Also acceptable: Forestry, Mining)
4. Why are villages often larger than hamlets? 1x2(2)
o Villages have more people and more services like shops, schools, and clinics,
while hamlets are smaller and have fewer facilities.
5. How does geography influence the type of economic activities in rural areas?1x2(2)
o People choose activities based on natural resources: for example, fishing is
common near the sea, farming in fertile areas, and mining in places with
mineral resources.
 GRADE 8 TERM THREE

WORKSHEET 1 : RURAL SETTLEMENT

1. Study the photograph below and answer the questions that follow.

1.1 Define the term settlement. (1)

______________________________________________________________

1.2 Identify the type of settlement shown in the picture. (1)

______________________________________________________________

1.3 What type of economic activities are practiced in the types of settlements mentioned
in 1.2? (4)

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Total Marks 6
WORKSHEET 1 – MEMO: RURAL SETTLEMENT

1.1 A settlement is an area where people live. ✓

1.2 Rural Settlement ✓
1.3 .1 Primary activities/ Farming ✓
1.4 1.3.2 Mining ✓

1.3.3 Fishing ✓

1.3.4 Forestry ✓

Total Marks 6
 RURAL SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 2

1. Study the following pictures and indicate which one is isolated farmsteads, hamlet and a
village
Types of rural settlement
Picture A Picture B

Picture C

[Link]
1.1 A. Picture A____________________________________ (3)
B. Picture B____________________________________
C. Picture C____________________________________
1.2 Which four activities lead to rural settlement developing (4)
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
 C. ________________________________________________
D. ________________________________________________
1.3 Suggest two positive things about living in a rural area. (2)
A. ____________________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________________
1.4 Suggest two negative things about living in a rural area. (2)
A. ___________________________________________________________
B. ___________________________________________________________
What economic activities are practiced at Picture B? (1)
_______________________________________________
1.5 Discuss how settlements develop and change over time. (2)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Total : 14
 RURAL SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 2: Memo

1. Study the following pictures and indicate which one is isolated farmsteads, hamlet and a
village
Types of rural settlement
Picture A Picture B

Picture C

[Link]
1.1 A. Picture A: VILLAGE (3)
B. Picture B: HAMLET
C. Picture C: ISOLATED FARMSTEAD
1.2 Which four activities lead to rural settlement developing (4)
A. FISHING
B. FARMING
 C. MINING
D. FORESTRY
1.3 Suggest two positive things about living in a rural area. (2)
 QUITE, NO TRAFFIC, LITTLE AIR POLLUTION
ANY OTHER CORRECT RELEVANT ANSWER
1.4 Suggest two negative things about living in a rural area. (2)
 FAR FROM SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, INTERTAINEMENT, MAY BE
DANGEROUS WITH LITTLE POLICE PRESENT,MAY BE BORING
ANY OTHER CORRECT RELEVANT ANSWER
 (1)
1.5 Discuss how settlements develop and change over time. (2)
 A settlement develop because of resources, minerals, trees, fish or
farmland. Overtime the settlement may grow and more buildings and
services are added. A small village develop into a town or city. The primary
focus of a settlement often changes from its original activity( for example
mining town becomes economic city)
Total : 14
NB TO TEACHERS: AFTER THIS ACTIVITY INTRODUCE PROJECT FOR
SUBMISSION LATE IN THE TERM
 URBAN SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 3
1.1 Define the term urban settlement
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ (1)

1.2 Study the below photograph and answer the questions that follow:

1.2 Classify the above picture into a land-use zone found in urban settlements.
_______________________________________________________ (1)
1.3 Mention any other THREE things that the land may be used for in urban
settlements.
___________________________________________________________ (3)
1.4 In a paragraph of not more than 8 lines briefly describe the area as depicted in
1.1
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
(8)
Total Marks 13
WORKSHEET 3: MEMO

1.1 Urban Settlement: engages predominantly in secondary and tertiary activities

such as food processing and tertiary activities.
1.2 Central Business District
1.3 Offices
Schools
Banks
Hospitals
Universities etc. Any three (3)

1.4 Central Business District:

Busiest business centre of an urban area
Land is difficult to get and prices are high
Has tallest buildings or office blocks
There are also banks, shops, and restaurants in the CBD. [8]

[13]
 URBAN SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 4
1 Refer to the map of land use zones below and answer questions that follow.

1. Central Business District

2. Light industry

6. heavy industry

[Link]

1.1 Do you live in an urban settlement? Describe the place where you live. (2)
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
1.2 What is meant by “land use zone”? (2)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
1.3 What is the CBD? (1)
_______________________________________________________________________________
1.4 Which type of residential area is closest to the CBD? (1)
_______________________________________________________________________________
1.5 Why do you think this is the case? (2)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
1.6 In a paragraph of 8 to 10 lines. Suggest reasons why industrial areas are not built in (8)
residential areas
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Total: 16
 URBAN SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 4: MEMO
1 Refer to the map of land use zones below and answer questions that follow.

3. Central Business District

4. Light industry

7. heavy industry

[Link]

1.1 Do you live in an urban settlement? Describe the place where you live. (2)
 Learner will describe their home town or village.
1.2 What is meant by “land use zone”? (2)
 A land use zone refers to the main thing that is happening in a specific area. For example, the area
where houses are located is called a residential area. The land is being use for residences.
1.3 What is the CBD? (1)
 The CBD is the central business district which is the part of a city in which there are many
businesses and old buildings.
1.4 Which type of residential area is closest to the CBD? (1)
 Low-class residential (low-income residential).
1.5 Why do you think this is the case? (2)
 People may not want to live near the CBD as it is noisy, crowded and busy. There are factories
nearby (industrial area) which is unpleasant.
1.6 In a paragraph of 8 to 10 lines. Suggest reasons why industrial areas are not (8)
built in residential areas
 Factories emit a lot of pollution and make noise. Some operate throughout the night.
These factors make it very unpleasant to live near to them so generally factories are
built away from residential areas. Sometimes informal housing may be built near to
industrial areas as nobody else wants to live there and the people have nowhere else to go.
USE THE RUBRIC TO MARK( CONSIDER TOPIC SENTENCE AND CONCLUDING SENTENCE)
Total: 16
 URBAN SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 5
1. Refer to the map below and answer the questions that follow:
Urban model

1. List the 3 land- use zones in an urban settlement. (3)

______________________________________________________________________________
1 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
1. List 4 activities you find in an urban area? (4)
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2
____
2. _____________________________________________________________________
____
3. _____________________________________________________________________
____
4. _____________________________________________________________________
___

1. In table form differentiate the difference between High industry area and light (10
industry area, under following headings
3 )
 Activities
 Location

Light Industrial Area Heavy Industrial area

1. Differentiate between high-, middle-, low- income residential areas. (6)
5 _____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total; 23
 URBAN SETTLEMENTS
WORKSHEET 5
1. Refer to the map below and answer the questions that follow:
Urban model

1.1 List the 3 land- use zones in an urban settlement. (3)

 CBD
 Light industry
 Low income housing
 Middle income housing
 High income housing
 Heavy industry
 New shopping centre
 New housing
 Recreation areas
 Poor informal housing/ Squatter camps
 Business park and service industries
1.2 List 4 activities you find in an urban area? (4)
1. health services, hospitals, clinics
2. Home Affairs
3. Police
4. Banks
5. Light industries, Bread, furniture and clothing factories.
6. Shopping centres
Any other relevant
1.3 In table form differentiate the difference between High industry area and light industry area, (10)
under following headings
 Activities
 Location
Light Industrial Area Heavy Industrial area
Occupy small buildings Occupy bugger buildings and larger land
Located near CBD Located far from the CBD area
Easy accessible Mostly on the outskirts of the city.
Example Electrical industries Use bulky and heavy resources
Food processing factories Example Oil refinery
Clothing factories Cement factories
There is less air pollution Iron and steel industries
Mining Industries
There are air pollution
1.5 Differentiate between high-, middle-, low- income residential areas. (6)
 High-income residential areas are places where the homes are very expensive
and the people have a lot of money.
 Middle-income residential areas have smaller homes which are well-built and
sometimes have gardens and pools. The houses have multiple rooms and
all have water and electricity.
 Low-income houses are small, close together and often poorly built. These
houses are often built by the government for poor people
Total; 23
LAND USE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE-SCALE MAP- (oblique and vertical)
WORKSHEET 6
1 Refer to the pictures below and answer questions that follow.

A vertical aerial photograph of Kyalami

racetrack in Gauteng. Oblique photograph of Sandton City in
Gautengt
1. What an aerial photograph? (2)
1
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Which image is easier to interpret? Explain your answer. (2)
2
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Which image do you think would be better to use to create a map? Explain your answer. (2)
3
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Suggest ONE possible advantage of using a vertical aerial photograph. (2)
4
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Suggest ONE possible disadvantage of using a vertical aerial photograph. (2)
5
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Suggest ONE possible advantage of using an oblique aerial photograph (2)
6
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Suggest ONE possible disadvantage of using an oblique aerial photograph. (2)
7
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total :14
LAND USE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE-SCALE MAP- (oblique and vertical)
WORKSHEET 6 : MEMO
1 Refer to the pictures below and answer questions that follow.

A vertical aerial photograph of Kyalami

racetrack in Gauteng. Oblique photograph of Sandton City in
Gauteng
1. What an aerial photograph? (2)
1 An aerial photograph is a picture of an area taken from a plane.
1. Which image is easier to interpret? Explain your answer. (2)
2 The oblique aerial photograph is easier to interpret as you can see objects from the side. You can
see height and shape, giving a better idea of what it is showing.
1. Which image do you think would be better to use to create a map? Explain your answer. (2)
3 The vertical aerial photograph is best used for a map as map show a bird’s eye view of an area.
1. Suggest ONE possible advantage of using a vertical aerial photograph. (2)
4 Aerial photographs have the advantage of showing accurate distances between
buildings; shows transport routes; shows all objects in an area; shows the shapes of objects.
1. Suggest ONE possible disadvantage of using a vertical aerial photograph. (2)
5 You cannot see the heights of objects; you cannot always tell what buildings are for
(function).
1. Suggest ONE possible advantage of using an oblique aerial photograph (2)
6 You can see the heights of buildings; you can see what buildings are for (names of
businesses / functions).

1. Suggest ONE possible disadvantage of using an oblique aerial photograph. (2)

7 You cannot see what is behind large objects; you cannot see transport routes; you cannot
accurately compare the sizes of objects (due to perspective).
Total :14
LAND USE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE-SCALE MAP- ( Natural and constructed features)
WORKSHEET : 7
1 Study the Picture below and answer questions that follow.

1.1 (6)
Match the following labels to each of the letters in the aerial vertical photograph above
Trees
Road
Houses
Natural grass
Cultivated grass
Cultivated field______________________
1.2 Which letters show natural features? (2)
_____________________________________________________________________
1.3 Which TWO letters show constructed features? (2)
_____________________________________________________________________
1.4 If an aerial photograph is in black and white, discuss TWO ways you could tell the difference between (4)

water and land.

_____________________________________________________________________
1.5 Look at the image below. Which area, A or B, shows natural trees and which shows a plantation?

Justify your answer with an explanation of a plantation.

_____________________________________________________________________ (3)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Total : 17
LAND USE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE-SCALE MAP- ( Natural and constructed features)
WORKSHEET : 7 : MEMO
1 Study the Picture below and answer questions that follow.

1.1 (6
Match the following labels to each of the letters in the aerial vertical photograph
)
above
Trees – B
Road – E
Houses – F
Natural grass – A
Cultivated grass – C
Cultivated field – D
1. Which letters show natural features? (2
)
2 A and B.
.1 Which TWO letters show constructed features? (2
)
3 C, D, E and F.
1. If an aerial photograph is in black and white, discuss TWO ways you could tell the difference (4
)
4 between water and land.

Water is dark while land is light; water in a dam will have set outlines while land as no edges;
water looks smooth while most land looks rough.
1. Look at the image below. Which area, A or B, shows natural trees and which shows a plantation?
5 Justify your answer with an explanation of a plantation.

A shows a plantation and B shows natural trees. A plantation is a forest planted by people; (3
the trees are planted in rows. Area A shows trees in straight rows with definite edges while )
area B shows trees growing at random.
Total : 17
LAND USE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE-SCALE MAP- (Identifying land uses in urban
settlements)
WORKSHEET : 8
1. Refer to the photograph and the map to answer the following questions.

1.1 Which image shows a larger area? Explain your answer. (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
1.2 Name two constructed features you can see on the photograph. (2)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
1.3 Name one natural feature you can see on the photograph. (1)
______________________________________________________________________
1.4 Name the main road that passes around the town. (1)
______________________________________________________________________
1.5 Use the number or letter from the photograph and map to match the land use zone below: (4)

a. Transport _______
b. Residential ________
c. Recreational _________
d. Service ______________

Total: 10
LAND USE ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE-SCALE MAP- (Identifying land uses in urban
settlements)
WORKSHEET : 8- MEMO
1. Refer to the photograph and the map to answer the following questions.

1.1 Which image shows a larger area? Explain your answer. (2)

The map shows a larger area. There is more land shown on the map; the photograph
shows only part of the area on the map.

1.2 Name two constructed features you can see on the photograph. (2)
 Buildings; roads; railways; hospital; rows of trees; cultivated land.
1.3 Name one natural feature you can see on the photograph. (1)
Trees; grass.
1.4 Name the main road that passes around the town. (1)
The N3
1.5 Use the number or letter from the photograph and map to match the land use zone below: (4)

a. Transport – 2 (railway)
b. Residential – F
c. Recreational – 8 (athletics field)
d. Service – 1 (hospital)
Total: 10
WORKSHEET 9: URBANIZATION
Look at the picture below to help you answer questions that follow.

1. Define the concept urbanisation. (1)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Mention any THREE factors which force people to move away from the rural
areas. (3)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. In a paragraph of not more than 10 lines, briefly discuss the reasons for
migration of people from rural to urban areas. (8)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

TOTAL = 12
WORKSHEET 9- MEMO: URBANIZATION
1. Urbanisation: the increasing number of people living in towns and cities
and not in rural areas (1)

2. Push factors: (3)

- Failure of crops
- Drought
- Floods
- Poverty
- Hunger
- Lack of job opportunities
- Lack of schools and colleges and long distances to reach doctors
clinics.
Any three relevant answers

3. Pull factors: (8)

- Job opportunities
- Access to education
- Better health care
- Access to water and electricity
- Safety and security.

TOTAL = 12
WORKSHEET 10: URBANIZATION
Study the two graphs in Figure 1 and 2.
Figure 1 Figure 2

1.1. Which continent is most urbanized? (2)

_____________________________________________
1.2. Which continent is the least urbanized? (2)
_____________________________________________
1.3. Explain the reason for the above situation. (3 x 2 = 6)
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
1.4. Why do you think such a large percentage of the world’s (2 x 2 = 4)
population became urbanised between 1850 and 1950?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
1.5 Mention any two push factors and three pull factors. (5)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Total Marks 19
WORKSHEET 10- MEMO: URBANIZATION
1.1. Europe
1.2. Africa
1.3. Most people in Europe are employed in service industries. Most people in
Africa are employed in farming. Commercial farming in Europe employs very
few people.
1.4. The expansion of large-scale commercial farming reduced the number of
farmers and farm labourers that were needed, creating unemployment in rural
areas, so many people moved to the cities to find work. Better paid work in
the factories of the industrial revolution promised a better life.
1.5. Push- drought , poor job opportunities, lack of schools and colleges,
(Any two)
1.6. Pull – job opportunities, access to education, better health care, access to
water and electricity, safety and security.
(Any three)

Total Marks 19
 WORKSHEET 11: OVERVIEW OF URBANISATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

In 1948 the apartheid government came into power. It kept the idea of
homelands for Africans and added more laws to keep people it classified as
native (African), Indian, coloured, and European (White) apart from each
other. People had to live in different areas, sit in different parts of the bus or
train, go to different schools and swim at different beaches and swimming
pools.
Laws were made in the Cape to force people to carry passes. The pass
laws became more and more strongly enforced throughout the country, and
by the 1950s they were extended to limit the movement of African women
as well as men. Africans could only come to urban areas if they had a pass.
You only got a pass if you had a job. Your family had to stay away from the
cities and live in the homelands.

1. Briefly discuss how apartheid and the pass laws forced people to live in rural
areas (8)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Why did urbanisation increase in South Africa when these laws were taken
away? (2)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

TOTAL MARKS 10
 WORKSHEET 11 - MEMO: OVERVIEW OF URBANISATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

1. Apartheid and the pass laws made many black people leave the land they
were farming.
-By law they had to live in reserves or homelands.
-The pass laws prevented people who did not have a job from living in towns
and cities.
-If you did not have steady work you had to stay in a homeland.
2. People had freedom of movement. They were not forced to live in the
homelands or to stay away from the urban areas.

TO
TAL MARKS 10
 WORKSHEET 12: SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE RAPID GROWTH OF
CITIES

Study the two photographs and answer the questions that follow:

Photograph A Photograph B

1. Which social issue is depicted by photograph A? (2)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. There are difficulties with bringing large numbers of people together. Identify any
four challenges that could be faced by people in photograph B. (4)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

TOTAL MARKS 6
WORKSHEET 12- MEMO: SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE RAPID GROWTH
OF CITIES

1. Traffic congestion ✓✓
2. Unemployment✓
- Air pollution✓
- Littering✓
- Alcohol and drug abuse✓
- Crime and gangsterism (Any four)

TOTAL MARKS 6