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Cell Theory:
B. Cell Size
1. Most are 1-100 pm in diameter
2. Smallest cells are bacteria
3. Ostrich eggs are the largest cells
4. There is a limit to the size of cells
• surface area / volume ratio
• as cell grows, its volume increases more rapidly than its surface
area
a. bacterial cells
1. 1-10 um in diameter
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. 1 circular DNA molecule located in nucleoid region
4. most have a cell wall (peptidoglycan)
ex. Bacteria and cyanobacteria
b. archaeon cells
1. 1-10 um in diameter
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. Cell walls lack peptidoglycan
4. have characteristics of both bacteria and eukaryotic
cells
c. eukaryotic cells
1. 10-100 um un diameter
2. membrane bound organelles
3. linear DNA molecules
4. some have a cell wall (cellulose or chitin)
(plants, animals, fungi, protista)
a. nucleus
1. surrounded by a nuclear envelope perforated with
nuclear pores
2. contains DNA and nucleolus (stores RNA and
nucleotides)
3. functions to separate the DNA from the rest of the
cell
E. The Endomembrane System
• a series of compartments made from folded membrane and
connected via vesicles
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
a. Rough
b. Smooth
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
1. Endoplasmic Reticulum\
* interconnected network of membranes extending from the nucleus to plasma
membrane
2. Golgi Apparatus
• shipping and processing center
• receives materials from ER and ships them out