Science Module: Force and Motion
I. Overview
This module introduces learners to the basic concepts of force and motion. Students will
explore how forces cause changes in motion, the relationship between mass,
acceleration, and force (Newton’s Laws of Motion), and how these principles apply to
everyday life. Through guided discussions, simple experiments, and practical
applications, students will understand how motion occurs and how forces affect it.
II. Learning Objectives
At the end of this module, learners should be able to:
1. Define force and describe its effects on the motion of an object.
2. Explain the three laws of motion formulated by Sir Isaac Newton.
3. Solve simple problems involving force, mass, and acceleration.
4. Demonstrate the application of Newton’s Laws in real-life situations.
III. Key Concepts
Force: A push or pull that can change the state of motion of an object.
Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity.
Newton’s First Law: An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless
acted upon by an external force.
Newton’s Second Law: The acceleration of an object depends on its mass and
the net force applied (F = ma).
Newton’s Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
IV. Discussion/Content
Motion is the change in position of an object over time. When a force is applied, it can
cause an object to start moving, stop, or change direction.
Sir Isaac Newton developed three laws that explain how forces and motion are related:
1. First Law (Law of Inertia):
Objects tend to “keep doing what they are doing.” If no net force acts, a
stationary object stays still, and a moving object keeps moving in a straight line.
2. Second Law (Law of Acceleration):
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied and
inversely proportional to its mass. Formula: F = m × a
3. Third Law (Action-Reaction):
When an object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and
opposite force on the first. Example: The recoil of a gun or a rocket launch.
V. Learning Activities
Activity 1: Push and Pull
Use toy cars or objects on a smooth surface.
Apply different amounts of force and observe how motion changes.
Record observations: how far or how fast the object moves with varying forces.
Activity 2: Balloon Rocket
Materials: balloon, string, straw, tape.
Set up the string horizontally and thread the straw through it.
Inflate the balloon and release it.
Observe the direction of motion and relate it to Newton’s Third Law.
Activity 3: Solving Problems
Given:
A 2 kg toy car is pushed with a force of 10 N.
Find its acceleration.
Solution:
F = m × a → a = F / m → a = 10 / 2 → a = 5 m/s²
VI. Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following best describes force?
a. A property of matter b. A push or pull c. A type of motion d. A form of
energy
2. Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?
a. First Law b. Second Law c. Third Law d. Law of Gravity
B. Short Answer
1. What happens to an object’s acceleration if the force increases while mass stays
the same?
2. Give a real-life example of Newton’s First Law.
C. Performance Task
Perform the Balloon Rocket Experiment and explain how it demonstrates
Newton’s Third Law.
Submit a short video or written reflection explaining your observation.
VII. Reflection
What new ideas about motion and force did I learn?
How can I apply Newton’s Laws in real-life situations?
What experiment helped me understand the topic better?
VIII. References
Department of Education (DepEd) K–12 Science Curriculum Guide
Hewitt, P. (2017). Conceptual Physics
Science Learner’s Module, Grade 9
