A Learning Module in Science 8

Opening Prayer
Let us remember Jesus in our hearts and our midst as we pray,
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Amen.
We pray to You, O God, to enlighten our minds to direct our wills, so that we may seek only what is right and just. Amen.

I. LEARNING TARGETS
 Investigate the relationship of the amount of force applied and the mass of the object to the
amount of change in the object’s motion; (S8FE-Ia15)
 Infer that when a body exerts a force on another an equal amount of force is exerted back
on it; (S8FE-Ia16)
 Explain a manifestation of Newton’s first law in each situation
 Solve problems involving Newton’s laws of motion;
 Identify action-reaction force pairs; and
 Understand how force and motion be applicable in our daily lives.

LESSON/S: FORCE, MOTION, AND ENERGY

A. Newton’s First Law of Motion
B. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
C. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
VALUES INTEGRATION: (PVMGO-CV) Honesty and Integrity
21st century skills: Critical Thinking and Doing, Communication

II. ACTIVATION ZONE

Usain Bolt Peregrine Falcon Cheetah

 Can you guess what’s common among them? Yes, they are the “world’s fastest”.
 But have you ever wondered what makes them move the way they do?
 Why do some things move faster than the others?
Sharing of answers:
In an airplane and other land vehicles, we are required to buckle our seatbelts. In riding motorcycles,
we adhere to the helmet policy. Do we understand why we are asked to do such things?

III. LEARNING ZONE

Key Point/s:

A motion has been a very common and familiar concept to all even before one has learned to walk.
But is our grasp of the concept enough to understand the different kinds of motion that are happening
around us? Let us try to explore our minds and navigate through other resources and learn what we can
about motion.

Sir Isaac Newton, (born December 25, 1642 [January 4, 1643,

New Style], Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England—died March 20 [March
31], 1727, London), English physicist and mathematician, who was the
culminating figure of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century.
In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the
infinitesimal calculus. Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia
Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687) was
one of the most important single works in the history of modern science.

In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated

Illustration 1. Sir Isaac Newton
AY 2021-2022
the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the
foundation for modern physical optics. In mechanics, his Three Laws of
Motion, the basic principles of modern Physics, resulted in the
formulation of the Law of Universal Gravitation.
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 A Learning Module in Science 8
LESSON 1: NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION (Law of Inertia)
LECTURE:
A. NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION is often stated as;

 An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays

in motion with the same speed and the same
direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
 There are two clauses or parts to this statement - one that
predicts the behavior of stationary objects and the other
that predicts the behavior of moving objects. The two parts
are summarized in the following diagram.
INERTIA is the resistance an object has to a change in its state of
motion.

The behavior of all objects can be described by saying

that objects tend to "keep on doing what they're doing" (unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force. All objects resist changes in
their state of motion - they tend to "keep on doing what they're
doing."

There is an important condition that must be met for the

first law to any given motion. The condition is described by the
phrase "... unless acted upon by an unbalanced force."

(As long as the forces are not unbalanced - that is, as long as the forces are balanced - the first law of
motion applies.)

Example 1: If you throw a ball upwards it will eventually slow down a fall because of the force of
gravity.
Example 2: If you are driving in your car at a very high speed and hit something, like a brick wall or a
tree, the car will come to an instant stop, but you will keep moving forward.

Note: Newton's first law of motion predicts the behavior of objects for which all existing forces are balanced. The first
law - sometimes referred to as the law of inertia - states that if the forces acting upon an object are balanced, then
the acceleration of that object will be 0 m/s/s. Objects at equilibrium (the condition in which all forces balance) will
not accelerate. According to Newton, an object will only accelerate if a net or unbalanced force is acting upon it.
The presence of an unbalanced force will accelerate an object - changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed
and direction.

PRACTICE: 1
DIRECTION: Explain how each one is considered a manifestation of Newton’s first law.
EXAMPLE: To tighten the head of a hammer onto the wooden handle, you ram the
bottom of the handle against a hard surface.
When the butt of the hammer was slammed on the hard surface, the head of the
hammer was pushed down and continues to move downward until being stopped by a
change in the thickness of the handle.

1. Headrests are placed in cars to prevent whiplash injuries during rear-end collisions.
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2. Seatbelts are used to prevent passengers and drivers from flying off a moving vehicle due to sudden
stopping or head-on collisions.
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3. A brick is painlessly broken over your hand when you slam the brick with a hammer.
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 A Learning Module in Science 8
B. LAW OF ACCELERATION
Newton's second law of motion pertains to the behavior
of objects for which all existing forces are NOT balanced. The
second law states that the acceleration of an object is
dependent upon two variables: the net force acting upon the
object and the mass of the object.
The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the
net force acting upon the object, and inversely upon the mass
of the object. As the force acting upon an object is increased,
the acceleration of the object is increased. As the mass of an
object is increased, the acceleration of the object is decreased.

NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION can be formally stated as

follows;
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude
of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.
This verbal statement can be expressed in equation form as follows:

EQUATION: (formula)

m a

The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg), for acceleration is meter per Second Square (m/s2), and for
force is Newton (N).

Example 1: How much force is needed to accelerate a 1400kg car 2 m/s2

What is missing: force
Given: mass= 1400kg, acceleration=2 m/s2
Formula: F = ma
Solution: F= 1400kg x 2 m/s2
= 2800kg m/s2 Then, the force is 2800 N

Example 2: If a 70kg swimmer pushes off a wall with a force of 250 N, at what rate will the swimmer
accelerate from the wall?
What is missing: acceleration
Given: force= 250 N, mass= 70kg
Formula: a = F/m
Solution: a=250N/70kg
=3.6 m/s2 Then, the acceleration is 3.6 m/s2
Example 3: A dancer lifts his partner above his head with an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. The
dancer exerts a force of 200 N. What is the mass of the partner?
What is missing: mass
Given: acceleration=2.5 m/s2, force= 200N
Formula: m = F/a
Solution: m=200N/2.5 m/s2
= 80 kg
Then, the mass is 80 kg
Then, the mass is 80 kg.

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 A Learning Module in Science 8
PRACTICE: 2
DIRECTION: Solve the following problems on the second law of motion using the given equation above.
Show your solution.

1. A huge box is pushed with 45 N of force and the box’s mass is 76kg, what is the acceleration?

2. What force must act on a 60 kg mass to give it an acceleration of 0.30 m/s2?

3. 20 N force moves a body with acceleration of 2 m/s². What is its mass?

C. LAW OF INTERACTION
According to Newton, whenever objects A and B interact with each other, they exert forces upon
each other.

Example: When you sit in your chair, your body exerts a downward force on the chair and the chair
exerts an upward force on your body. There are two forces resulting from this interaction;
1. FORCE ON THE CHAIR AND;
2. FORCE ON YOUR BODY.

These two forces are called action and reaction forces and are the subject of Newton's third law of
motion. Formally stated that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
NOTE: The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting
objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals the size of the force on the second object. The
direction of the force on the first object is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object.
Forces always come in pairs - equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs.

Examples of interaction force pairs

Example 1: When you jump off a small rowing boat into the water,
you will push yourself forward towards the water. The
same force you used to push forward will make the boat
move backward.

Example 2: When air rushes out of a balloon, the opposite reaction

is that the balloon files up.

Example 3: When you dive off of a diving board, you push down
on the springboard. The board springs back force you
into the air.

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 A Learning Module in Science 8

A more detailed explanation is available at www.schoology.com. Happy Learning!

Other Learning Resources: Kindly visit the folder SCIENCE 8 WEEK 1 for the additional practices and activities.

PRACTICE: 3
Direction: Consider the following three examples. One of the forces in mutual interaction is described;
describe the other force in the action-reaction force pair.

EXAMPLE. The baseball forces the bat to the left

the bat forces the ball to the right.

1. Baseball pushes glove leftwards.

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2. Bowling ball pushes pin leftwards.
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3. Enclosed air particles push balloon wall outwards.
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Something to think about:

Just like in real life, Newton’s law of motion can manifest in different ways. The Law of Inertia was
seen in our life before this pandemic where everything is what we consider normal, such as going to
school, hanging out with our friends, and traveling with our family but when COVID-19, our unbalanced
force, hit our country, the normal became abnormal. We can no longer do what we usually do. We
cannot go to the places we normally go to, even our way of learning changes too. This new normal can
be scary because it brings uneasiness and uncertainty, but just like the rocket that is bound towards
space, we must keep our hopes up and persist upward with God even if the forces are going downward.

III. DISCOVERY ZONE

ACTIVITY: 1
A. DIRECTION: Solve the following problems. Show your solution. (5 points each)
1. What force must act on a 105 kg mass to give an acceleration of 0.43 m/s2?

2. An object with a mass of 67 kg has a force of 33 Newton’s applied to it. What is the resulting
acceleration of the object?

3. An object accelerates 17.5 m/s2 when a force of 9 Newton’s is applied to it. What is the mass of the
object?

4. A 46 kg object accelerated at a constant 248 m/s2. Estimate the net force needed to accelerate the
object.

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 A Learning Module in Science 8
5. What is the mass of an object if it accelerated at 10.3m/s2, and the force applied is 15.2 N?

B. DIRECTION: Identify at least five (5) pairs of action-reaction force in the following diagram.

1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________

V. AHA! MOMENT
Direction: For every verbal interpretation, there are four (4) possible answers with numbers
1 to 4 for the Learning Module. Put a check on the number that corresponds to your answer.

Weight Verbal Interpretation

___4 The information in the learning module is very clear. I can easily understand the details of
the lesson and I can answer the practices and activities.
___3 The information in the learning module is clear. I can understand the details of the lesson
and I can answer the practices and activities.
___2 The information in the learning module is quite clear and the details are confusing. I am
having difficulty in answering the practices and activities.
___1 The information in the learning module is difficult to understand and I need more time to
answer the practices and activities.

Complete the sentence:

The most important thing/s I learned or discovered in this lesson that I can apply in real life is/are
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Closing Prayer
Let us remember Jesus in our hearts and our midst as we pray,
We give You thanks O Lord for those who sow and harvest, for those who teach and who are taught. Amen.
Saint John Nepomucene, pray for us.
Jesus, You are my Lord, my happiness lies in You alone.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, Amen
References:
Offline References:
Marites D. Aquino, M. A. (2017). Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Manila: Rex Book Store

Online References:
Identifying Interaction Force Pairs. (2020). Retrieved July 15, 2020, from physicsclassroom.com:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Identifying-Action-and-Reaction-Force-Pairs

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 A Learning Module in Science 8
Newton's Laws - Lesson 1 - Newton's First Law of Motion. (2020). Retrieved July 15, 2020, from physicsclassroom.com:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Newton-s-First-Law
Newton's Laws - Lesson 3 - Newton's Second Law of Motion. (2020). Retrieved 15 2020, July, from physicsclassroom.com:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Second-Law
Newton's Laws - Lesson 4 - Newton's Third Law of Motion. (2020). Retrieved July 15, 2020, from physicsclassroom.com:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law
Chowdary, E. C. (2017, March 1). Newton's third law of motion. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.net/eswarchakravarthi/newtons-third-law-of-motion-72699420
koniasunset. (2012, September 26). Newton's 3 laws of Motion. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.net/koniasunset/newtons-3-laws-of-motion-14466651
Westfall, R. S. (2020, March 27). Isaac Newton. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from Encyclopædia Britannica:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Newton
Whetstone, K. (n.d.). 3 Laws of Motion Worksheets | Newton s Third Law Worksheet Action Reaction. Retrieved 2020, from pinterest.ph:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/155163149640188649/
Action and Reaction Forces: Law & Examples. (2015, August 23). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/action-and-reaction-forces-
law-examples-quiz.html.
Shiu-sing, T. (n.d.). Mechanics: Force and Motion. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from http://www.hk
phy.org/contextual/mechanics/for/ac_re01_e.html
Jofre, F. (n.d.). Balloon Racers. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from sciencounters.chem.wisc.edu:
https://sciencounters.chem.wisc.edu/sites/sciencounters.chem.wisc.edu/files/Third%20Law%20Balloon%20Car.pdf
https://peac.org.ph/learning-module
repository/?fbclid=IwAR00Wo2mI47MQNvOFOqG14ww3K2Z8ahw0w0kMXP6mKDahJwreoVllUlMqBc
http://jh.gatesvilleisd.org/ourpages/auto/2015/3/10/54832281/wkst-newtons_second_law_problems.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fr5EMXZaujc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0efXaBr_JcU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVAxASr0iUY&t=1s

PARENT’S/ GUARDIAN’S FEEDBACK/QUESTION:

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Signature

2 Chronicles 15:7
“But you, be strong and do not lose courage, for there is reward for your work.”

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