1st Periodical Test in SCIENCE 8

Test I: Read the selection and answer the given question below.
Newtons Three Law of Motion
Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion are the fundamental laws concerning objects in motion or at rest. This law was introduced by Sir Isaac
Newton in the year 1686 - 1687, it gives a scientific relationship between the forces that act on a body and the changes that occur due to this
force. Newton used them to investigate and explain the motion of many physical objects and systems The three laws of motion help us to
understand how objects behave when they are stationary, moving, and subjected to forces.
The First Law of Motion is also known as “Law of Inertia”. This law states that an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless an
external force acts upon it, and if the object is at rest, it will remain at rest unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. This property of a body
unable to change its state is called Inertia.
The Second Law of Motion is also known as “Law of Acceleration”. This law states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is
directly proportional to the force applied on it, and the momentum occurs in the direction of the net applied force. This law implies that when a
force acts on an object, it will cause the object to accelerate. The larger the mass of the object, the greater the force will need to be to cause it
to accelerate.
Lastly, The Third Law of Motion is also known as “Law of Interaction”. This law states for every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction. It also tells that when two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in force and opposite in direction.
Newton's Three Laws of Motion help us to understand how objects behave when they are standing still; when they are moving, and
when forces act upon them.
Answer the following choose the letter of the correct answer:
1. Whom of the following introduced the Newton’s Three Law of Motion?
A. Sir Isaac Newton B. Newton’s Law of Motion C. Motion D. Law
2. In what year does Sir Isaac Newton introduced the Newton’s Three Law of Motion?
A. 1686 -1687 B. 1688-1689 C. 1684-1685 D. 1683-1684
3. Newton’s First Law of Motion is also known as?
A. Law of Acceleration B. Law of Interaction C. Law of Inertia D. Law of Motion
4. Which of the following Law states that an object in motion will remain in motion unless an external net force acted upon it, and if the object is
at rest it will remain at rest unless an unbalanced force acts upon it?
A. Newton’s First Law of Motion C. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
B. Newton’s Second Law of Motion D. Newton’s Three Law of Motion
5. Newton’s Second Law of Motion is also known as?
A. Law of Acceleration B. Law of Interaction C. Law of Inertia D. Law of Motion
6. What do you call to the property of a body unable to change its state?
A. Acceleration B. Interaction C. Inertia D. Motion
7. Newton’s third Law of Motion is also known as?
A. Law of Acceleration B. Law of Interaction C. Law of Inertia D. Law of Motion
8. Which of the following Law states that, “in every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”?
A. Newton’s First Law of Motion C. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
B. Newton’s Second Law of Motion D. Newton’s Three Law of Motion
9. Which law states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied on it, and the momentum occurs
in the direction of the net applied force?
A. Newton’s First Law of Motion C. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
B. Newton’s Second Law of Motion D. Newton’s Three Law of Motion
10. What is the main idea of the selection above?
A. Newton’s First Law of Motion C. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
B. Newton’s Second Law of Motion D. Newton’s Three Law of Motion

Energy
(Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy)
Energy is a universal term we use a lot in our daily life. Although used loosely quite often, energy has a specific physical meaning. In
physics, we define energy as the ability of something to do work, in short “Energy is the ability to do work”. Energy is conserved, which means it
can change from one form to another but isn’t created or destroyed. According to the Laws of Conservation of Energy, “energy can neither be
created nor destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another”. Energy can be converted from one form to another in various other
ways. In the International System of Units (SI), energy is measured in “Joules’.
Energy can be divided into two general forms namely, Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy. “Potential Energy” is the energy at rest or
stored energy in an object. The term potential energy was introduced by the 19th-century Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine.
Potential Energy is the energy due to an object's position. For example, a ball sitting on a table has potential energy with respect to the floor
because gravity acts upon it.
All forms of energy are associated with motion. For example, any given body has kinetic energy if it is in motion. “Kinetic Energy” is the
energy in motion. Objects in motion are capable of causing a change or are capable of doing work. The word "kinetic" is derived from the Greek
word kinesis, which means "motion." The terms "kinetic energy" and "work", as understood and used today, originated in the 19th century.
Answer the following choose the letter of the correct answer:
1. What is the main idea of the selection above?
A. Potential B. Energy C. Kinetic D. Motion
2. Which of the following terms define as the ability to do work?
 A. Potential B. Energy C. Kinetic D. Motion
3. Which of the following tells that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another”?
A. Potential Energy B. Kinetic Energy C. Law of Inertia D. Law of Conservation of Energy
4. Which from the two forms of energy tells that it is the energy in rest or stored energy?
A. Potential Energy B. Kinetic Energy C. Law of Inertia D. Law of Conservation of Energy
5. Which from the two forms of energy tells that it is the energy in motion or movement?
A. Potential Energy B. Kinetic Energy C. Energy D. Law of Conservation of Energy
6. What is the International Unit of measurement for energy?
A. Kinetic B. Potential C. Joule D. Motion
7. What term is derived from the Greek word kinesis, which means "motion”?
A. Kinetic B. Potential C. Joule D. Motion
8. Who is the Scottish engineer and physicist that introduced term potential energy by the 19th-century?
A. Kinetic Energy B. William Rankine C. Potential Energy D. Sir Isaac Newton
9. Potential Energy is defined as______?
A. Energy in motion C. Energy of a moving body
B. Energy at rest or stored D. Energy in conservation
10. What are the two important terms that the selection provided?
A. Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy B. Kinesis C. Rest D. Joule

Test III: Read the selection and answer the given question.
What is SOUND?
Sound is a form of energy that originates from vibrating objects that can be heard and travel in waves. Sound is a vibration that
propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. Sounds are just vibrations that we can hear.
These vibrations happen when some object moves up and down or back and forth rhythmically. Sounds also exhibit characteristic features
such as frequency, amplitude, and wavelength. Frequency is the number of oscillations, or waves, per unit of time, it refers to the rate of the
vibration of the sound travelling through the air. Amplitude is the relative strength of sound waves, which we perceive as loudness or volume.
Amplitude is measured in decibels (dB), which refer to the sound pressure level or intensity.  Wavelength the distance that a sound wave
travels in one period. A high-frequency sound has a shorter wavelength than a low-frequency sound.
Sounds shows special properties on how it travels in any medium as we perceive it. This Properties is called, Reflection of Sound and
Refraction of Sound. Reflection of Sound is usually described as the turning back of a wave as it hits a barrier. Echo is an example of a
reflected sound. As the process of turning back of sounds continue in a multiple way it produces what we called Reverberation. Reverberation
on the other hand refers to the multiple reflections or echoes in a certain place. Lastly, if the sound changes its angle or direction of a sound
wave as it travels in any medium that process is called Refraction. Refraction of Sounds pertain as the change in speed of sound when it
encounters a medium of different density. This phenomenon explains how the propagation of sound waves differ on the morning and evening.
Answer the following choose the letter of the correct answer:
1. What is the main idea of the selection above?
A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Sound D. Frequency
2. Which of the following terms is define as the number of oscillations, or waves per unit of time, as it refers to the rate of the vibration of the
sound?
A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Sound D. Frequency

3. Which of the following terms tells that it is relative strength of sound waves, which we perceive as loudness or volume.?
A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Sound D. Frequency

4. Which of the following terms tells that it is the distance that a sound wave travels in one period?
A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Sound D. Frequency

5. Which of the following terms tells that it is a form of energy that originates from vibrating objects that can be heard and travel in waves?
A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Sound D. Frequency

6. What is the unit measurement of Amplitude?

A. Decibel B. Echo C. Sound D. Frequency

7. What properties of sound where it is usually described as the turning back of a sound wave as it hits a barrier?
A. Reflection of Sound B. Sound C. Refraction of Sound D. Frequency
8. What properties of sound pertain as the change in speed of sound when it encounters a medium of different density.?
A. Reflection of Sound B. Sound C. Refraction of Sound D. Frequency
9. Which of the following is the best example of Reflection of Sound?
A. Decibel B. Echo C. Sound D. Frequency
10. What does Reverberation means?
A. It refers to the vibrations that we can hear
C. It refers to the distance that a sound wave travels in one period
B. It pertains as the change in speed of sound
D. It refers to the multiple reflections or echoes