NEWTONS

THIRD LAW OF
MOTION

BY HATIM INDOREWALA CLASS-12A

INDEX
1. Issac newton
2. Newtons law of motion
3. 1st law
4. 2nd law
5. 3rd law
6. Action and reaction law
7. Importance of third law
8. Uses of third law
9. Lab activity
10. bibliography
ISSAC NEWTON
. Isaac Newton, in full Sir Isaac Newton, (born December
25, 1642 [January 4, 1643, New Style],
Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England—died March 20
[March 31], 1727, London), English physicist and
mathematician, who was the culminating figure of
the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. In optics,
his discovery of the composition of white
light integrated the phenomena of colours into
the science of light and laid the foundation for modern
physical optics. In mechanics, his three laws of motion,
the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the
formulation of the law of universal gravitation.
In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the
infinitesimal calculus. Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis
Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy, 1687) was one of the most important
single works in the history of modern science.

Newton's Laws of
Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion
While Newton’s laws of motion may seem obvious to us
today, they were considered revolutionary centuries ago.
The three laws of motion help us understand how
objects behave when standing still, when moving and
when forces act upon them. This article describes Sir
Newton’s three laws and a summary of what they mean.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Newton’s second law of motion describes what happens
to the massive body when acted upon by an external
force. The second law of motion states that the force
acting on the body is equal to the product of its mass and
acceleration.
Newton’s 2nd law states that the acceleration of an
object as produced by a net force is directly proportional
to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction
as the net force, and inversely proportional to the
object’s mass

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Newton’s third law of motion describes what happens to
the body when it exerts a force on another body.
Newton’s 3rd law states that there is an equal and
opposite reaction for every action.
When two bodies interact, they apply forces on each
other that are equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction. To understand Newton’s third law with the
help of an example, let us consider a book resting on a
table. The book applies a downward force equal to its
weight on the table. According to the third law of
motion, the table applies an equal and opposite force to
the book. This force occurs because the book slightly
deforms the table; as a result, the table pushes back on
the book like a coiled spring. Newton’s third law of
motion implies the conservation of momentum.

Law of action and reaction

The principle of action and reaction is the third of the
laws of motion formulated by Isaac Newton and one of
the fundamental principles of modern physical
understanding. This principle says that everybody A that
exerts a force on a body B, experiences a reaction of
equal intensity but in the opposite direction.

Importance of Newton’s Third Law of

Motion
One of Newton’s third law axes of importance lies in it
being the reason behind us knowing another essential
law in physics: momentum is conserved throughout
collisions between objects. That is to say, even if the
occurring interaction is very short lived, and we do not
know any of the forces magnitudes or directions while
objects are in contact, in addition to being pretty sure
that these forces are not constant during the contact, we
can still solve the problem by analyzing what the two
objects do and how they act after the collision because
momentum is conserved and because the third law
applies.

Uses of Newtons third law of motion

1. Newton’s third law explains how balloons and rocket
engines work. When the neck of an inflated balloon
is released, the stretched rubber material pushes
against the air in the balloon, and the air rushes
outside the neck of the balloon, whereas the action
of the air rushing from the balloon pushes against
the balloon itself, causing it to move in the opposite
direction.
2. Speaking of rocket engines, when the rocket’s fuel is
burnt, hot gasses are produced. These gasses rapidly
expand and are forced out of the back of the rocket,
where this is known as action force. At the same
time, the gasses exert an equal and opposite force
on the rocket itself, scientifically known as the
reaction force, and this force pushes the rocket
upward.
3. Wheels and levers both follow Newton’s third law of
motion, as reaction force is the driving mechanism
for these two gadgets. Gym equipment is mostly
pulley-based; therefore Newton’s third law of
motion is the law in action while you do your
workout.
4. Since Newton’s third law is an “action-reaction” law,
it is a key law in different fields of sports. It also
works hand-in-hand with the conservation law of
momentum. And in sports fields, this mostly includes
many forms of inelastic collisions and elastic ones in
some rare cases. A hockey puck will keep on sliding
on the ice until it hits the wall, or it is hit by another
player. In order to jump off a raft, it requires
swimmers to move forward through the air, and the
raft to move backwards through the water. Another
 sportive example where Newton’s third law
dominates is shooting ranges, as shooting activities
wouldn’t have existed without the action-reaction
rule.

Lab activity
Take a test tube of good quality glass material and put a
small amount of water in it.
Place a stop cork at the mouth of it.
• Now suspend the test tube horizontally by two strings
or wires as shown in Figure
• Heat the test tube with a burner until water vaporises
and the cork blows out.
• Observe that the test tube recoils in the direction
opposite to the direction
Bibliography
NCERT
BYJUS
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