GUJRAT PUBLIC SCHOOL (ATLADRA)

PHYSICS PROJECT
ON
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

SESSION : 2023-2024
NAME : ARHAM NEHAL KAPADIA
ROLL NO. : 14
CLASS : XI
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ARHAM NEHAL

KAPADIA student of class XI has successfully

completed the research on the below mentioned

project under the guidance of Mrs. KRUPA MAM

[Physics Teacher] during the academic session of

2023-2024.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION submitted to

the "GPS SCHOOL" is a record of original work

done by me, which are duly acknowledged, under

the guidance of my subject teacher.

Mrs. KRUPA MAM.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks to our school

'GPS SCHOOL', to the management team of our school

who gave me the golden opportunity to do this

wonderful project on the topic NEWTON’S LAWS OF

MOTION, which also helped me in doing a lot of

research and I came to know about so many new things.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and

friends who helped me a lot in finishing this project

within the limited time.

 INDEX

 Introduction

 Information on ISAAC NEWTON

 Newton’s First Law

 Newton’s Second Law

 Newton’s Third Law

 INTRODUCTION

These laws describe the fundamental

principles that govern the behaviour of objects

in motion, from the smallest particles to the

largest celestial bodies.

Understanding these laws is crucial not only

for scientists and engineers, but also for

anyone who wants to understand the world

around them. By the end of this project, you

will have a better grasp of how these laws

work and how they apply to everyday life.

 ISAAC NEWTON

Isaac Newton was a premature baby born on December 25, 1642.

He was born at his mother's farmhouse in Wools Thorpe, England.
As a teenager Newton wasn't very bright and was taken out of
school to work at his mother’s farm. Encourage by his uncle, Isaac
Newton studied at the University of Cambridge for 5years and
graduated. At the age of 23-24, he began to lay the foundations of
physics. By observing many things, Newton later formulated the
law of universal gravitation, invented calculus, and continued
Galileo’s work which leads to the development of three fundamental
laws of motion. Isaac Newton was an English Physicist, Natural
Philosopher, and considered to be one of the greatest scientists.
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF
MOTION
Abstract:-
Newton's first law of motion predicts the behaviour of objects for
which all existing forces are balanced. The first law -sometimes
referred to as the law of inertia - states that if the forces acting upon
an object are balanced, then the acceleration of that object will be 0
m/s. Objects at equilibrium (the condition in which all forces
balance) will not accelerate. According to Newton, an object will
only accelerate if there is a net or unbalanced force acting upon it.
The presence of an unbalanced force will accelerate an object -
changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed and direction.
Newton’s second law of motion
Abstract:-
Newton's second law of motion pertains to the behaviour of objects
for which all existing forces are not balanced. The second law states
that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables -
the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object. The
acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting
upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object.

Theory:-
Newton's Second Law of motion states that the rate of change of
momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced
force in the direction of the force i.e.,

F = ma
Where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the body, and a, the
acceleration produced.
 Examples of Newton’s Second Law of
Motion in Everyday Life

 Object thrown from a height:

When an object is thrown from a certain height, the gravitational

pull of the earth helps it to develop acceleration. The acceleration
increases as the object advanced towards the earth. According to
Newton’s second law of motion, the acceleration developed by a
body is directly proportional to the force. When the object hits the
ground, the impact force comes into action. This is the reason why a
brittle object thrown from a tall building suffers more deformity
than the situation where the same object is thrown from a
comparatively shorter building.

 Kick the ball:

When we kick the ball we exert force in a specific direction, which

is the direction the ball will move. In addition, the more forcefully
the ball is kicked, the more force we apply to it and the further away
the ball is.
  Driving a car:

In simple terms, Newton’s second law of motion states that if force

is applied to any object that has mass, it will result in the production
of an equivalent amount of acceleration in the object. For instance,
when we turn on the ignition system of the car, the engine of the car
produces sufficient force that enables the car to move with
proportionate acceleration.
Newton’s Third law of motion
Abstract:-
A variety of action-reaction force pairs are evident in nature.
Consider the propulsion of a fish through the water. A fish uses its
fins to push water backwards. But a push on the water will only
serve to accelerate the water. Since forces result from mutual
interactions, the water must also be pushing the fish forwards,
propelling the fish through the water. The size of the force on the
water equals the size of the force on the fish; the direction of the
force on the water (backwards) is opposite the direction of the force
on the fish (forwards). For every action, there is an equal (in size)
and opposite (in direction) reaction force. Action-reaction force
pairs make it possible for fish to swim.

Examples of Newton’s THIRD Law of

Motion in Everyday Life
 Walking:

When you walk, you push the street, i.e., you apply
an action force on the street’s ground, and the reaction force
moves you forward.

 Gun Firing:
When someone fires a gun, the action force pulls the bullet
outside the gun, and the reaction force pushes the gun
backward.

 Slapping:
When you slap someone, your hand feels pain and so does the
cheek of the victim. The pain in the cheek is due
to action force, and the pain in the palm is due
to reaction force.

 Flight motion of a bird:

The wings of the bird push air downwards as action force, and
the air pushes the bird upwards as reaction force.
 Swimming of a fish:
The fish’s fins push water around it backward as an action
force, and the water applies a reaction force by pushing the fins
forward, thus the fish.
 Bibliography

1. Help from Internet

 www.sceincefare.com

 www.mycbsegide.com

 Wikipedia

2. Help from books.

 Referenced from H.C.Verma

 Referenced from physics NCERT

3. Help from teachers.