KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.

1 BARIPADA

WORK EXPERIENCE PROJECT

Newton laws of motion and its

application

SUBMITTED BY
DHRUTITAPA MOHANTY
CLASS XI ‘B’
ROLL NO. 10
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that I , Dhrutitapa Mohanty

of class XI-B of Kendriya
Vidyalaya,Laxmiposi,baripada has
successfully completed the WORK
EXPERIENCE Project on the topic “Newton's
Laws of Motion And its Application”
under the guidance of Ms.Upasana Kureel
in particular fulfillment of the curriculum as
prescribed by CBSE for the academic year
2023-24 .
 INDEX
01. NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION
02. NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
03. NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

THEORY :
It states that every body continues in its state of rest or of
uniform motion in a straight line , unless it is compelled by some
external force to change that state . It is also known as the law
of inertia . Inertia is the property of an object to remain
unchanged and unaffected unless otherwise affected by an
external force. The law of inertia was first formulated by
Galileo. According to this law a body moving with a certain
speed along a straight path will continue to move with the same
speed along the same straight path in the absence of an external
force . Inertia is an inherent property which means resistance to
change .
APPLICATION :
A. If an index card is placed on top of a glass with a penny
on top of it, the index card can be quickly removed
while the penny falls straight into the glass, as the penny
is demonstrating inertia
B. Blood rushes from your head to your feet as it quickly
stops when you ride the descending elevator.
C. The electric fan continues to move for a period after the
electricity is turned off.
D. The function of the air bag is to inflate in an accident and prevent the
driver’s head from hitting the windshield. When a car with an airbag is
exposed to an accident, the sudden slowdown in its speed leads to the
operation of an electrical switch, and this starts a chemical reaction that
produces a gaseous substance that works to fill the air bag and protect the
driver’s head.
E. If you are on a train and the train is moving at a constant speed, a toy tossed
into the air will go straight up and then come down. This is because the toy
has inertia like the train and you.
NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

THEORY :
It states that the time rate of change of momentum of a body is directly
proportional to the external force applied on it and the change in momentum
takes place in the direction of force . Mathematically, we express Newton’s
Second Law as follows:
F= m×a
Here, F represents the force, m is the object’s mass and a is the acceleration
produced. This equation reveals that the acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the net force applied in the same direction
as the force and inversely proportional to the object’s mass. It is the
quantitative definition of force .The momentum of a body is equal to the
product of its mass and its velocity. Momentum, like velocity, is a vector
quantity, having both magnitude and direction. A force applied to a body
can change the magnitude of the momentum or its direction or both.
Newton’s second law is one of the most important in all of physics.
APPLICATION :
1 . Reducing the weight of racing cars to increase their
speed, engineers try to keep vehicle mass as low as
possible, as lower mass means more acceleration, and the
higher the acceleration the greater the chances of
winning the race.
2 . Newton’s second law of motion can be observed by
comparing the acceleration produced in a car and a truck after applying an
equal magnitude of force to both. It is easy to notice that after pushing a car
and a truck with the same intensity, the car accelerates more than the truck.
This is because the mass of the car is less than the mass of the truck.

3.It is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one, because the full
shopping cart has more mass than the empty one. This means that more
force is required to push the shopping cart.
4.When an object falls in a free fall onto the ground, it accelerates because the
force of gravity of earth pulls it.
5.Of the two walking people, if one is heavier than the other, the one who
weighs the heaviest walks slower because the acceleration of the one who
weighs the lighter is more.
NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

THEORY:
It states that to every action , there is an equal and opposite
reaction.When two bodies interact, they apply forces on each other that
are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This law highlights the
concept that forces always occur in pairs. Action and reaction never act on
the same body and there is no way to balance one by another . Newton’s
third law equation states:
FA = – FB

where FA: the force exerted by the first object on the second, in a certain
direction,
and – FB: the force exerted by the second object on the first, but in an
opposite direction.

A more sophisticated, yet useful formula, is given by

m1a1 = – m2a2

where m1: the mass of the first object,

a1 : the acceleration of the first object,
m2: the mass of the second object,
a2 : the acceleration of the second object.
APPLICATION :

1.Walking: when you walk, you push the street; i.e., you
apply an action force on the street’s ground, and the
reaction force moves you forward.

2.Gun Firing: when someone

fires a gun, the action force pulls the bullet outside
the gun, and the reaction force pushes the gun
backward.

3.Jumping from a
boat: the action force is applied on the boat,
and the reaction force pushes you to land.
Parallelly, the action force pushes the boat
backward.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
● https://byjus.com/
● https://praxilabs.com/
● https://www.google.com/
● NCERT PHYSICS TEXTBOOK FOR CLASS XI