DHARMAPURI - DISTRICT PROFILE

General Profile Dharmapuri district was formed in 1965 by bifurcation of the erstwhile Salem district into Salem and Dharmapuri . The district headquarters is Dharmapuri town, which is situated in the southern side of the district from where the northern boundry extends to over 125 kms. The district is situated in the northwestern corner of the state bordering Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Total geographical area of the district is 9622 Sq. Kms. The district boundaries are: East : Vellore, Villupuram and Thiruvannamalai districts. West : Erode district and the state of Karnataka. North : Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka state. South: Salem district. The district lies between 1147 & 1233 degrees of northern latitude and 7728 and 7645 degrees of eastern longitude. Administrative Profile The district has been divided in to 3 revenue divisions and 10 taluks. The area has been further divided as under for revenue administration. Administrative Profile Total geographical Area : 9622 Sq. Kms. Revenue Divisions 3 Taluks - 10 Town Village Municipalities Blocks Panchayats Panchayats 3 18 17 588

Revenue divisions and Blocks Name of Revenue Name of the Taluks Name of Blocks

Division 1.Dharmapuri a.Dharmapuri b.Harur

i. Dharmapuri ii.Nallampalli i.Morappur ii.Harur i.Pennagaram i.Krishnagiri ii.Bargur iii.Kaveripattinam iv.Veppanapalli. i.Mathur ii.Uthangarai i.Karimangalam ii.Palacode i. Hosur ii. Shoolagiri i.Thally ii.Kelamangalam

c.Pappireddipatti i.Pappireddipatti d.Pennagaram 2.Krishnagiri a.Krishnagiri

b. Pochampalli c.Uthangarai d.Palacode 3.Hosur a.Hosur b.Denkanikottai

Demographic Profile The district population as per census 2001 was 28.33 lakhs (provisional), which constituted 4.56 % of the state population. The district ranked 7th in the state in terms of population size. Population density was 294. Male population constituted 14.62 lakhs and female population 13.71 lakhs. Economic Profile Climate and rainfall The district has hot and dry summer during the months of March to May and very cold and misty winter from November to February. The temperature varies from 17 Degrees centigrade to 37 Degree centigrade. Average annual rainfall is 850 mm. There is a vide variation among the blocks in terms of temperature and rainfall. The climatic conditions varies because of the vide variation in the topography. While the northern & western taluks lie around 1000 metre above mean sea level, the southern and eastern parts consisting of Dharmapuri, Pennagaram, Palacode, Harur and Uthangarai taluks lie at 450 metre above mean sea level.

Of the three divisions, the Dharmapuri division consists of dry areas of Pennagaram and Harur. Even the Hogennakkal waterfall, which is situated in this part of the district, does not aid agriculture. The Krishnagiri division comprises fertile areas like Uthangarai, Kaveripattinam and Bargur blocks as it has a reservoir built across the Pennaiyar River. Soil type The district has a vide range of soil types. The soil, in general, is low in nitrogen and phosphate content. Red loamy soil is found in Hosur, Shoolagiri, Thally and Kelamangalam blocks. Lateritic and sandy coastal alluvium soils are found in almost all blocks. Black soil is seen in Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri taluks. Red & sandy soil is found in Hosur and Harur taluks. Rivers & Canals Cauvery and Thenpennar are the major rivers flowing through the district. Vaniar and Markandanathi are the tributaries of Thenpennar. Krishnagiri dam, which is constructed across Thenpennar, irrigates part of the area. River Cauvery is not benefiting the district for irrigation. Due to topographical conditions the possibility of constructing a dam across the Cauvery is remote. Chinnar, Palar Thoppiar, Kallar, Varathiar and Pambar are minor rivers, which are almost dry during most part of the year. Forests The district possesses 3.66 lakh hectares of land constituting 38 % of its geographical area under forest. The district possesses the highest forest cover in terms of area, which accounts for 17.2 % of the forest in the state. Agriculture Agriculture is the principal occupation in this district. Nearly 74 % of the workforce is dependant on agriculture, 43 % are cultivators and the rest 31 % agricultural labourers. The net sown area was 3.93 lakh hectares in 1999-2000 and the gross cropped area was 4.70 lakh hectares. The district is one among the most backward and drought prone area in the state. Paddy, ragi, pulses, groundnut, sugarcane, cotton, coconut and samai are the major crop cultivated. Dharmapuri is the major horticultural belt in the state. It accounted for 12 % of the area under fruits in the state. Mango is the main fruit crop grown here. Almost all vegetables and fruits are cultivated here.

Major agriculture / horticulture research centers & Laboratories of the districts are: 1. Divisional Agricultural Research Centre, Paiyur.

2. Horticulture Research Centre, Thimmapuram.

3. Hybrid coconut crossing Centre, Kaveripattinam.

4. Hybrid coconut crossing Centre, P.K. Pudur.

5. Hybrid coconut crossing Centre, Agasipadi. Industry The district is an industrially backward one. However, after the formation of the SIPCOT industrial Complex in Hosur a number of medium and large-scale units were started, most of them in and around Hosur. Presently 112 large-scale units are located in the district. Besides these, there were 10880 SSI units in the district as on 31.7.01. Huge granite reserves helped the growth of quarries and granite polishing industry in the district. Similarly, the vast mango plantations helped the growth of pulp units also. Snap Shot - Industrial Scenario Existing Industrial Scenario Engineering Industry Emerging Industrial Scenario Food Processing Industry

Plastic Industries

Granite polishing

Auto two wheeler

Tissue culture.

Coir Products

Software & IT Enabled Services

Cotton Textiles & Hosiery

Electronic Industries

Readymade Garments

Oleoresins

Wood products

Herbal Products

Agro Based industries

Agro based industries

Granite polishing

Consumer durable

Paper products.

Biotech Products

Rubber & Plastic Industry

Cold storage of Vegetables & Fruits

Tourism

Recreational & Entertainment

Auto Components

Infrastructure The district possesses necessary infrastructure for industrial development. There is a sound banking network and transport facility connecting the district with major commercial and industrial centers. There is no major power-generating project in this district, with the exception of minor cogeneration facility; hence it has to depend on the state grid for required power supply. Frequent power cuts and voltage fluctuations affect industrial activity often. Important tourist places Hogennakkal Falls and Krishnagiri dam are the main tourist attractions of the district. Theerthamalai temple is an important pilgrim center. Other places of interest 1. Adhiaman Kottai

2. Hosur Fort

3. Krishnagiri Fort

4. Thally Fort

5. Vanniyar Dam Backward and Most-backward blocks. Most Backward Blocks in Dharmapuri District

1. Mathur

2. Veppanapalli Backward Blocks in Dharmapuri District 1. Uthangarai

2. Kelamangalam

3. Morappur

4. Dharmapuri

5. Nallampalli

6. Karimangalam

7. Krishnagiri

8. Kaveripattinam

9. Bargur

10. Pennagaram

11. Shoolagiri

Social Infrastructure Entrepreneurship In general, there is lack of entrepreneurial initiative among the local people except at Hosur and some other pockets. The low literacy rate makes the people to concentrate more on agriculture than industry. So, entrepreneurial talent is confined to very few places like Hosur, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri towns. In the rest of the places people are engaged in cultivation and allied activities. The District Industries Centre, Dharmapuri takes efforts to impart entrepreneurship talent among rural masses through Entrepreneur Development Programmes (EDPs) in various places, thereby motivating people to start their own ventures. Some of the training programmes are conducted exclusively for women candidates. Small Industries Service Institute, Chennai also conducts various Entrepreneur Development Programmes in the district. The Rural Extension Training Centre functioning at Krishnagiri Dam also imparts skill among the youth in different trades. PMRY Scheme The PMRY scheme of the Government of India implemented through the DIC, Dharmapuri also helps, to some extent, in developing entrepreneurship among the people belonging to economically weaker sections by starting self-employment ventures with the financial assistance available under the scheme. Following table shows the number of enterprises started under the PMRY Scheme in the district since 1993-94. Performance under PMRY Scheme Year Average Target No of Cases No of cases %

amt. disbursed (Rs. In thousand) 199394 199495 199596 199697 199798 199899 199900 200001 56.20 64.71 57.48 46.84 47.96 46.64 61.39 38.85

No of cases

Sanctioned No. Amount (Rs. In Lakhs) 60.74 226.31 289.85 253.70 189.58 228.35 302.59 283.43

disbursed No. Amount (Rs. In Lakhs) 39.34 155.30 164.96 159.27 164.04 157.66 285.48 174.81

achievement over targets

160 500 700 700 610 595 480 600

91 321 463 508 428 477 509 601

70 240 287 340 342 338 465 450

43.75 48.00 41.00 48.60 56.10 56.80 96.90 75.00

Source : G.M., DIC, Dharmapuri. There has been a fluctuation in achievement under the PMRY Scheme both in the no. of cases as well as amount financed. In terms of no. of cases, the achievement was far below the target in many years. Moreover, the very low average amount disbursed for projects under the scheme may make the units unviable in the long run. A sum of Rs. 102.49 lakhs has been earmarked during 2001-02 for the PMRY Schemes, under which any ventures like manufacturing, servicing or trading enterprises can be started. Swarnjayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) The Swarnjayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) Scheme intends to promote entrepreneurship at rural level. It focuses on Group approach. The groups are called "Self Help Groups". It is a credit cum subsidy scheme. Under the scheme the individual Swarozgaris (beneficiaries) will be given 30 % of the project cost subject to the maximum of Rs. 7,500 as subsidy and the remaining amount as loan. In case of SC/ST Groups 50 % of the project cost subject to the maximum of Rs.10,000 will be sanctioned as subsidy and the remaining amount as loan. For group of Swarozgaris the subsidy would be 50% of the cost of the scheme subject to a ceiling of Rs. 1.25 lakhs. Initially the groups will be given revolving fund assistance of Rs. 25000 in the form of cash credit facility and based on their performance they will be given

economic assistance. 157 Self Help groups were assisted during the year 2000-01 with a sum of Rs.338.57 lakhs as loan and Rs. 157.72 lakhs as subsidy under economic assistance programme besides revolving fund assistance of Rs. 48.30 lakhs to 483 groups. Lending Institutions and availability of Finance Indian Bank is the Lead Bank in Dharmapuri district. The district has a sound banking net work. There are 203 branches including commercial and co-operative banks as on 31.3.2001. Their break-up is given below: No. of Commercial bank branches including regional rural banks No. of District Central & Cooperative Banks Primary Land Development Bank TIIC : 153 : 43 :5 :2

The deposit mobilisation by the banking sector increased by 22.41 % in 1999-2000 and 20.64 % during 2000-01. Advances grown by 21.9 % in 1999-2000 and 18.89 % during 2001-02. However, the credit-deposit ratio had come down marginally from 113 % in 1998-99 to 112 % in 1999-2000 to 111 % in 2000-01.

Commercial Banks Few key indicators on the performance of the Commercial Banks in Dharmapuri district vis--vis the State are given below: Table No.4.9 Commercial Bank Sector - few indicators in Dharmapuri (as on March 2000) Dharmapuri Tamilnadu * No. of Commercial bank branches Aggregate deposit (Rs. in crore) Aggregate advances (Rs. In crore) Credit deposit ratio Deposit per branch (Rs. in Crore) 157 657.68 454.43 69 % 4.19 2.89 4738 53195.63 41561.43 78 % 11.23 8.77

Specialised SSI Branches There are two Specialised Small Scale Industry Bank Branches in Dharmapuri district exclusively meant for financing SSI Units. They are: 1. Central Bank of India, Hosur.

2. Bank of Baroda, Hosur. Tamilnadu Industrial Investment Corporation (TIIC) The Tamilnadu Industrial Investment Corporation extends financial assistance to entrepreneurs for starting small-scale industries as well as for expansion of existing industrial units. There are two branches of TIIC in the district one at Dharmapuri and the other at Hosur. The following table shows the total advances extended by TIIC during the last few years:Funds advanced by TIIC in Dharmapuri district Year 1998-99 1999-00 Target (Rs. In lakhs) 1385.00 1437.48 Actual Advances % of (Rs. In lakhs) Performance 121.40 629.79 295.91 9% 44% 155 %

2000-01 (Upto 190.36 Dec.2000

Source : Annual credit plan 2001-02, Indian Bank. The performance of TIIC in terms of amount advanced as shown in the above table does not show a healthy trend.

INTRODUCTION:
Several women are now willing to become entrepreneurs due to pull factor and fush factor.under the first catagories,the women entrepreneurs choose a profession as a challenge and an adventure with an urge to do something new,[like for]business and to have an independent occupation.the other category,of women takes up business enterprises to get over financial difficulties and responsibilities thrust due to family circumstances. Women entrepreneurship is very specialized field where success depends strictly on special personal ability in management creativity,self-discipline,imagination,emotion l stability and objective thinking.hence,women have to be motivated to join the national main stream of women

entrepreneurship by participating in this economic activity .it need not necessary be welfarepriented,but productivity-oriented for specific economic development.it can be stated that the entry of women to industry in the last decade coincides with the shift in economy,based on low technology to high technology,computers,laser optics,electronics on the latest communication technology introduced a sea-change in production technology where brain power rather than muscle power in needed for women entrepreneurship.probably the shift in the production technology with the consequent change in customer demands also paved the way for increased women entrepreneurship. TAMILNADU SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED[TANSIDCO]: TANSIDCO Is a government of tamilnadu undertaking,was established in 1970 with the specific objective of developing the small scale industries[SSIs] sector in tamilnadu.sidco has been implementing over the year a number of schemes for the promotion of small scale industries.purticularly with a view to generate self employement to technocraft,educated [unemployed] youth and women entrepreneurship. ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES: On of the major activities of SIDCO is the establishment of industrial estates with infrastructural facilities like roads,storm water drains,street light,water supply,drainage etc..SIDCO develops plots and also constructs factory sheds of various sizes of these industries estates and allots them on easy instalment basis/out right sale basis.SIDCO has so for developed 43 industrial estates besides managing 35 government industrial estates on agency terms.

ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT: A comprehensive social-phychological study on the basic personality and environmental characteristics of entrepreneurship by Collins,moor and unwell are found out the following results, Entrepreneurs are half or phaned both parents are dead or one is away from home for long periods or the father is a social weak. Inadequate social mobility drives entrepreneurs put little stock getting agead.they do not strive for position of authority and reward position with power and status. Punishing pursuit of task and chronic fatigue.they tend to push themselves to the point of fatigue.lack of problem solution.they seldom resolve the problem. They tend to categories subordinates at extremes of good or bad. their relation with their partners are strained by they have good relation with those outside the business.