PHYSICAL

ACTIVITY
TRAINER
SUBJECT CODE:845
STUDY MATERIAL
PRE-BOARD:1
 Heat stroke
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness (hyperthermia). It occurs when your body
overheats and can’t cool down. It can develop if you’re in a very warm space, like a home without air
conditioning, or if you’re doing intense physical activity that generates lots of body heat. Heat stroke
causes your body temperature to soar to dangerous levels, typically above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40
degrees Celsius).

Emergency action plan

An emergency action plan (EAP) for physical education is a written document detailing procedures for
handling medical emergencies during physical education activities. A comprehensive EAP includes
specific steps for personnel roles, emergency equipment locations, emergency contact information,
and clear communication protocols. Key components include site-specific plans, personnel training,
regular practice drills, and a system for alerting emergency services and providing immediate first
aid.
Key components of an EAP
 Personnel and roles: Clearly define who is responsible for specific actions, such as a
designated person to call emergency services, who will provide first aid, and who will manage
equipment.
 Emergency equipment: List all available equipment (e.g., first aid kit, automated external
defibrillator) and its exact location at each venue. Equipment should be appropriate for the
personnel's training level.
 Emergency contact information: Keep a list of all critical phone numbers readily accessible,
including 911 or your local emergency number, the local hospital, and any team physician.
 Emergency procedures: Outline a step-by-step process for responding to an emergency, often
broken down into "Assess, Alert, Attend":
o Assess: Evaluate the scene and the injured athlete.
o Alert: Activate the emergency medical system (EMS) by calling 911.
o Attend: Provide appropriate first aid to the athlete until help arrives.
 Purpose of Physical Education
The aim of physical education is to develop a well-rounded individual by promoting physical, mental, and
social growth. It seeks to develop motor skills, a healthy lifestyle, and overall well-being through
planned physical activities, while also fostering important personal and social qualities like teamwork,
discipline, and leadership.
Physical development
 Improves strength, endurance, coordination, agility, and balance.
 Enhances overall health and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.
 Helps maintain a healthy weight.
Mental and cognitive development
 Boosts focus and confidence.
 Develops stress management skills.
 Encourages a healthy and active lifestyle that can be maintained throughout life.
 Teaches knowledge about the human body and how it is affected by physical activity.
Social and emotional development
 Promotes teamwork, cooperation, and leadership skills.
 Teaches discipline and control of emotions.
 Helps individuals develop positive attitudes and practices related to health.
 Encourages constructive use of leisure time and prepares students to be active and engaged
citizens.

Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation in physical activity involves engaging in exercise for external rewards, such as
praise, prizes, or a better appearance, rather than for personal enjoyment. This can be a powerful tool
to start an exercise routine, but it may not be sufficient for long-term adherence, as the focus is on the
outcome rather than the activity itself. Examples include working out to lose weight, win a trophy, or
avoid a negative consequence.
 Communication
Communication in physical education involves using verbal and non-verbal methods to convey
instructions, feedback, and encouragement. It is essential for improving student understanding,
motivation, and participation. Effective strategies include clear verbal instructions, using gestures, and
providing positive non-verbal feedback like a pat on the back, to create a positive and supportive
learning environment.
Verbal communication
 Clear and concise language: Teachers should use simple, age-appropriate language and
repeat instructions to ensure students understand.
 Active listening: Encourage students to ask questions and listen actively to their concerns to
make them feel valued.
 Specific feedback: Provide specific, content-rich feedback that links to learned skills, such as
explaining how a student’s hand position helped them throw a ball correctly.
 Questioning: Use questions to engage students, develop critical thinking, and reinforce subject-
specific vocabulary.
Non-verbal communication
 Body language: Use gestures, posture, and proximity to get attention, model techniques, and
provide immediate cues.
 Facial expressions: A smile or a nod can convey positive reinforcement, while a stern look can
indicate disapproval.
 Tactile communication: A supportive touch, like a pat on the shoulder, can increase a student's
confidence and willingness to try new activities.
 Visual aids: In some situations, visual aids or written instructions on a whiteboard can
supplement verbal instructions.
 Successful assessments
Successful assessments for a Physical Activity Trainer include:
1. Fitness Tests – measure components like strength, endurance, flexibility, speed, and agility
(e.g., push-ups, sit-ups, beep test).
2. Body Composition Assessment – BMI, body fat %, waist-to-hip ratio.
3. Posture and Movement Analysis – check alignment, balance, and mobility.
4. Health Screening – PAR-Q, medical history, resting HR & BP.
5. Goal Setting Evaluation – clarity of client goals and progress tracking.
6. Performance Assessment – sport-specific or activity-specific skill tests.
7. Feedback and Reflection – client feedback on progress and trainer’s evaluation.

Types of fitness
Fitness is the key feature to acquire the body strata in a good habitual manner.

Health-related fitness: Skill-related fitness:

o Cardiovascular o Agility
endurance
o Balance
o Muscular strength
o Coordination
Muscular endurance
Power
o
o

Flexibility
Reaction time
o
o

Body composition
Speed
o
o
 Types of tests in Physical Activity Trainer
Body composition
Body Mass Index (BMI): Calculates body fat based on height and weight.

Skinfold measurements: Uses calipers to estimate body fat percentage.

Hydrostatic weighing or Bod Pod: More advanced methods for measuring body fat and lean
mass.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
1.5-mile (2.4 km) run test: Measures the time it takes to run a specific distance to estimate
cardiorespiratory fitness.
Step test: Involves stepping up and down from a bench at a set pace, with heart rate measured
afterward.
Cooper 12-minute walk/run test: Measures the distance a person can cover in 12 minutes.

VO2 max tests: Measure the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during intense
exercise; can be performed in a clinical setting.
Muscular strength and endurance
1-rep maximum (1-RM): Measures the maximum weight that can be lifted for a single repetition,
often used for exercises like the bench press or squat.
Push-up test: Measures how many push-ups can be performed in a set time or until fatigue.

Sit-up test: Measures abdominal strength and endurance by counting the number of sit-ups
completed.
Plank test: Measures core endurance by holding a plank position for as long as possible.
Flexibility
Sit-and-reach test: Measures the flexibility of the hamstrings and lower back by seeing how far
a person can reach while seated.
Shoulder mobility test: Evaluates the range of motion in the shoulder joint.
Agility, speed, and power
T-test: A common test for agility that involves a specific pattern of running and shuffling.

Vertical jump test: Measures lower body power by how high a person can jump.

40-yard sprint: Measures lower body speed.

Hygiene on the playground

To achieve hygiene on the playground, follow these steps:
1. Cleanliness: Regularly clean and disinfect equipment and surfaces.
2. Waste disposal: Keep dustbins and ensure proper garbage collection.
3. Personal hygiene: Players should wear clean clothes and wash hands after play.
4. No spitting or littering: Maintain discipline against unhygienic habits.
5. Safe water: Provide clean drinking water.
6. Proper maintenance: Repair broken or rusty equipment.
7. Awareness: Educate players about hygiene rules.

Process of CPR
The process of CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is:
1. Check response: Tap and shout — “Are you okay?”
2. Call for help: Call emergency services or ask someone to do so.
3. Check breathing: Look, listen, and feel for 10 seconds.
4. Chest compressions: Place hands in the center of the chest.
Push hard and fast (about 100–120 times per minute, 5–6 cm deep).
5. Rescue breaths (if trained):
o Give 2 breaths after every 30 compressions.
6. Continue CPR until help arrives or the person starts breathing.
 Benefits of PTM
Benefits of PTM (Parent-Teacher Meeting) in Physical Education:
1. Better communication between teachers and parents.
2. Helps track student’s fitness progress.
3. Encourages parental support for physical activities.
4. Identifies health or behavior issues early.
5. Motivates students to perform better in sports.
6. Promotes awareness about the importance of physical education.

Difference between Games, Physical Activity, Sports, and

Recreation Games:

Term Meaning Example

Physical Any movement that uses energy and keeps

Walking, jogging
Activity the body active.

Activities played for fun or competition

Games Hide and seek, tag
with rules.

Organized, competitive physical activities

Sports Football, cricket
with rules and skills.

Recreation Fun activities done in free time for Badminton for fun,
Games relaxation and enjoyment. board games

In short:
Physical activity → movement;
Games → playful activity;
Sports → competitive games;
Recreation games → for enjoyment.
 Benefits of Green Jobs:
1. Protect the environment – reduce pollution and waste.
2. Promote sustainability – use renewable energy and eco-friendly methods.
3. Create employment in clean energy sectors.
4. Improve public health by reducing toxins.
5. Support economic growth through green industries.
6. Encourage innovation in technology and energy use.

Successful Entrepreneur
Qualities of a Successful Entrepreneur:
1. Visionary – has clear goals and plans.
– A person who starts and runs a
2. Hardworking – dedicated and persistent. business effectively.
3. Creative – brings new ideas and solutions. Example: Ratan Tata, Elon Musk, Jeff
4. Risk-taker – ready to face challenges. Bezos.

5. Decision-maker – takes smart, quick actions.

6. Leader – motivates and manages people well.
7. Confident – believes in their work and ideas.

Contribution of Active Listening:

1. Improves communication – helps understand others clearly.
2. Builds trust – shows respect and attention.
3. Reduces conflicts – avoids misunderstandings.
4. Enhances learning – better grasp of information.
5. Encourages teamwork – promotes cooperation and empathy.
- Active listening leads to better relationships and effective results.
 Difference between Data Security and Privacy:
Aspect Data Security Data Privacy

Protecting data from unauthorized access Controlling who can access and use
Meaning
or attacks. personal data.

Focus Safety and protection of data. Rights and consent of the data owner.

Ensure personal information is used

Goal Prevent data theft or loss.
properly.

Asking permission before sharing

Example Using passwords and encryption.
someone’s info.

In short:
Security = protection, Privacy = permission.

PREPARED BY ABHAY SINGH OF CLASS 12TH A , PLEASE GO THROUGH

IT ONCE AND BEST OF LUCK FOR YOUR PRE-BOARD EXAMS.