s

8
PE AND HEALTH
Quarter 2 – Module
Week 5-8

TEAM SPORTS:
BASKETBALL

PE 8

RESPONSIBLE
PARENTHOOD FOR A
HEALTHY FAMILY LIFE
Health 8

1
Physical Education and Health 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module : Team Sports: Basketball
Responsible Parenthood for a Healthy Family Life
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the
work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among
other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher
and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Jean S. Ambag, Ariel Delos Santos

Editor: Jaypee T. Cafe

Reviewers: Dr. Fatima T. Yusingbo, Gilbert Cerezo, Dave Renath Baguio
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: MAPEH Department

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Schools Division of Las Piñas

Office Address: 309 Diego Cera Ave., Pulang Lupa I, Las Piñas, 1742
Metro Manila
Telefax: 822-3840; 835-9030 loc. 102
E-mail Address: depedlaspinas@gmail.com

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 8

3
 Introductory Message

Your engagement in active recreation, sports, physical activities, and

understanding of health concepts will contribute to your sense of social connectedness
and help you assume greater responsibility through a variety of roles as you participate in
a real-world situation. These Physical Education and Health modules are uniquely crafted
to explore your greatest potential and promote lifelong skills through active participation
in the different learning experiences. Emphasis is placed on combining tactical knowledge
that you will acquire, and the development of skills for a better performance and
achievement of the expected learning outcomes.

This module is designed to provide and equip you with knowledge, skills, and habits
that will enable you to achieve competence in maintaining your health and physical
condition. The domain in Physical Education focuses on the importance of a healthy
lifestyle and physical activity through active recreation such as sports, fitness, street dance
and hip-hop dance, while the domain in Health Education emphasizes on the development
of the proper skills of a health-conscious consumer, lifelong participation in health trends,
issues and concerns in health care, and planning for a health career.

Each module follows a standard format or pattern with a short overview of the
lesson, content and performance standards, pre-assessment and instructional activities.
Every level provides activities that will allow you to experience meaningful and varied
learning. Your involvement in the different tasks can take many forms, ranging from self-
reflection and group tasks to beyond the classroom learning activities. Your deeper
understanding of the lesson will help you gain more relevant skills and information,
preparing yourself for the challenges of the world.

As you start putting life into this module, you will discover many great opportunities
and learning experiences that will change the way you spend your time. You need to
visualize a better version of yourself and aspire to achieve a holistically healthy you.

Come on. Let’s get started!

4
 Lesson
1 Physical Fitness
Good day, Eighth Graders! Congratulations! You had passed the first
quarter and now we are in the second phase of the school year. Now you are
ready to learn another team sport at home.

This module will assist you in continuing learning sports as we stay home.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
In this module you are expected to:

Conduct physical activity and physical fitness. (PE8PF-IIa-36)

Prepare a physical activity program (PE8PF-IIc-27)

WEEK 5 DAY 1-4

What’s In
Physical Fitness is the ability to do daily tasks without undue fatigue and having
time to enjoy leisure and having extra energy for cases of emergency. It has two
categories. Namely, Health - related Fitness and Skill - related Fitness. Health -
related Fitness components focus on factors that promote optimum health. While
Skill - related Fitness components focus on factors that enhance one’s capability in
sport.
Health-related Fitness Components:

∙ Cardiovascular Fitness – the ability of the heart and circulatory system to supply
oxygen to muscles for an extended period of time.
∙ Muscular Strength and Endurance – the muscle’s ability to produce
effort or perform work.
∙ Flexibility – the ability to move in a wide range of motion.

∙ Body Composition – the ratio of body fat to lean muscle mass.

Skill-related Fitness Components:

Agility – the ability to change direction with swiftness in
movement.

5
 ∙ Balance – a state of equilibrium. ∙
Power – the ability to exert maximum force in a short period of time.
Speed – the ability to move from one place to another in a shortest possible time.
Coordination – the teaming of different parts of the body.
Reaction Time – the time lapse between a stimulus and the initial action of the
body.

The Physical Fitness Test:

Skill-related Fitness Tests:
40 meter Sprint
Purpose: To measure running speed.
Materials: Stopwatch and Running area with known measurement (40 m)
Standing Long Jump
Purpose: To measure the explosive strength and power of the leg
muscles.
Materials Needed: Jumping Area, tape measure/meter stick
Hexagon Agility Test
Purpose: To measure the ability of the body to move in different directions
quickly.
Materials Needed: Tape measure/meter stick; stopwatch; chalk/masking tape
Stick Drop Test
Purpose: To measure the time to respond to a stimulus.
Materials Needed: Meter Stick; armchair or table and chair
Juggling
Purpose: To measure the coordination of the eyes and hands
Material/s Needed: Sipa
Stork Balance Stand Test
Purpose: To assess one’s ability to maintain equilibrium
Materials Needed: flat non – slip surface; stopwatch

What’s New
Physical Activity – means any movement of the body that uses energy.
This may vary from low to moderate to vigorous
intensity.

6
 What is It

Examples of Physical Activities:

Image source: https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Workout-Plan Image Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/gardening-kids.html

Exercising Gardening

Image Source: Image Source:

https://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/household_chores.html?sti=mc84t0o3sug6jilemc| https://videohive.net/item/boy-walk-cartoon/22922099
Doing Household Chores Walking

Image Source: Image Source:

https://www.shutterstock.com/search/running+girl+cartoon https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/sport-cartoon-vector-
253583
Running Playing Physical Sports

7
 Image Source: Image Source:
https://www.pixtastock.com/illustration/60125489 https://pngtree.com/freepng/spring-outdoor-activity-entertainment-cartoon-
character_4480206.html
Climbing the stairs Doing Outdoor Activities, etc.

What’s More
In preparing your physical activity, it is important to follow the FITT Principle.
FITT Principle – these principles help us to create exercises that would suit our needs
for our wellness.
Frequency – the number of times we perform exercises in a week. For
example: 3 times a week of moderate exercise.
Intensity – how difficult the physical activity that you will perform. It may be
light, moderate or vigorous.
Time – the duration of exercise we perform on a given session. Like 20
– 30 minutes per session.
Type – physical activities should be varied. Cardiovascular exercise (for the
heart and lungs) strength training (such as weightlifting) and/or flexibility
exercises (e.g. stretching, bending, etc.)

What I Have Learned

Physical activity does not only pertain to exercises we do in school. It also refers
to any body movement that we do daily at home, in school or anywhere else. Physical
activities follow the FITT principle. Also, being fit physically, emotionally and mentally
will help us develop a strong immunity against various kinds of diseases. This way we
can help our country fight the Covid 19. Let us help our nation heal through our simple
share.

8
 Lesson
Team Sports: Basketball
2
Who among us really are not familiar with basketball? In our country, anywhere
you go you will find people playing this game. Even in the most remote area, Filipinos
will find way to play this game. Here in Las Piñas, court where Las Piñeros enjoy
playing the game. Boys and even girls, young ones and the young once too, love to
play this sport. But do we really know the origin of this most loved sport? In this module,
you will learn not only the skills needed for this sport but the history, facilities and
equipment as well as simple rules that we should remember.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
In this module you are expected to:
Describe the nature and background of the game basketball. (PE8GS-lId-1)
Execute the basic skills in basketball. (PE8GS-lId-h-4)

WEEK 6 DAY 1 - 4

What’s In

SKILLS with BALLS:

Look at the pictures below. Can you tell the sports related to them?

Image Source: Image Source: https://www.ussportscamps.com/tips/basketball/

https://volleycountry.com/news/top-5-volleyball-records ball-handling-staying-low

Image Source: http://www.soccer-training-methods.com/goal-kick.html

9
 What’s New

Brief History of Basketball

Dr. James Naismith is the inventor of the game basketball. As

you can see in the image, this is the peach basket he hangs at both ends of the
gymnasium to serve as the basket. And the ball he is holding was adapted from a
soccer ball.

The original basketball court where Dr. James Naismith

hung a peach basket on a gym balcony. This is the birthplace of basketball.
Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891.

The team is composed of nine players in which they

can pass, bat or throw the ball until it gets into the peach basket hanged on the one
balcony of the gymnasium. The object of the game is to shoot the ball into the
opponent’s basket.

There were only 13 rules in basketball created by

Dr. James Naismith.

10
 What is It

THE FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

The Court – the dimension of the court is 28m X 15m.

Image Source:
https://www.harrodsport.com/advice-and-guides/basketball-court-dimensions-markings
The Ball – spherical in shape made of rubber. Size 5 is for Junior; Size 6 is usually for
Girls Basketball; and Size 7 is for 13 yrs. and up boys.

Im age Source:https://shopee.ph/Molten-GL7X-Size-7-Basketball-Ball-PU-
leatherbasketball-i.58654684.1198331454

The Backboard and the Hoops/Ring – The height of the hoops from the ground is 3.05m.
The backboard – its measurement is 1.83 m x 1.22 m on the outer most square while the inner
most square has a measurement of 0.61 m x .45 m.

Image Source:
https://www.draperinc.com/gymequipment/basketballbackboards.aspx

11
The Scoreboard – contains the points earned by both teams, team fouls committed by the team,
the period of the match, the time duration of the game.

Image Source: https://www.amazon.com/Varsity-Scoreboards-

Permanent-Basketball-Scoreboard/dp/B07JN6VD8Z

What’s More

In order to play a game, it is essential to learn the basic skills of the sport. But
these pandemic times, that going out is not allowed… we will practice these basic
skills inside the walls of our very own home. For those who have a ball, you may
ask a family member to assist you. For those who do not have a ball, then just like
what we did in volleyball, we will practice the skill using the shadow technique.

BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL

SHOOTING – the most practice and essential skill in basketball. In order to win a game,
we must score higher than our opponent. And we can only achieve this through shooting.

DRIBBLING – the skill that allows a player to move around the court while in the possession
of the ball.
12
PASSING – since basketball is a team game, all players must be involved in the object to
win the game. This skill maximizes the movement of the ball. Players are involved in setting
up a play.

REBOUNDING – a skill that enables the player to jump with power to gain possession of the
ball as it bounces to the rim after a failed shot.

13
RUNNING – another important skill for a basketball player. Because in this sport, speed defines
the best.

What I Have Learned

1. The object of the game basketball is to shoot the ball into the opponent’s basket.
2. The game was invented by a Canadian Clergy who works as a Physical
Educator in YMCA, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891.
3. The game is played nine players in the court where they can bat, pass or throw
the ball into a hanged peach basket at balcony of the gymnasium.
4. They followed 13 rules.
5. The facility in basketball is the basketball court that measures 28m x 15m.
6. The equipment includes:
✔ The hoops ✔ The backboard ✔ The rings and the net
✔ The ball ✔ The scoreboard
7. The most essential and practiced skill is shooting.
8. Dribbling allows a player to move around the court with the ball.
9. The three other basic skill in basketball are passing, rebounding and running.
10. There are only two kinds of passing: Air Pass and Bounce Pass
11. Rebounding is the ability of a player to jump with power to get possession of the
ball.
12. Running is also important because speed defines the best in this sport.

References
Physical Education and Heath 8 Learning Module, First Edition 2013
Andin, Carmen T.(1988) Teaching Physical Education in Philippine Schools. Rex
Printing Company, Inc.
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+o f+standing+long+jump&tbm=isch&ved=2ah
UKEwiYgLfyoJXqAhWGAN4KHetODhUQ2- cCegQIABAA&oq
https://www.google.com/search?q=image+o f+push+ups&tbm=isch&chips=q:image+of+p
ush+ups,g_1:clipart&usg=AI4_-kT7Iy
www.google.com

Wikipedia

14
 https://caronelearning.com/fitt
principles/#:~:text=Posted%20on%20June% 2021%2C%202010,Intensity%2C%20Time%
2C%20and%20Type.

https://www.google.com/search?q=image+of+ basketball+court+with+measurements&tbm=isc
h&ved=2ahUKEwjqp6_GybjqAhUYA6YKHU22Aw wQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=image+of+basketball+court+ wi&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABAYOgIIADo
ECAAQHlDlU1ilYGC_emgAcAB4AIABeIgBywKSA
QMwLjOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&scl ient=img&ei=9REDX6rZLJiGmAXN7I5g&bih=524
&biw=1226&hl=en#imgrc=b4d4gsRvkQtDYM https://www.google.com/search?q=image+of+
basketball+goal+with+height+measurement+in +meters&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiD_rDsyrjqA
hWtxosBHaduD1gQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=image+of+basketball+goal+wi th+height+measurement+in+meters&gs_lcp=Cg
NpbWcQDFAAWABgx6cIaABwAHgAgAEAiAEAkg EAmAEAqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei
=URMDX8ORNq2Nr7wPp929wAU&bih=524&bi
w=1226&hl=en#imgrc=DqVgKvlMHDyK_M

https://www.google.com/search?q=image+of+ basketball+backboard+with+measurements+in+
meter&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwimotK9zLjqAhV uEqYKHU7sCG0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=image+of+basketball+backbo
ard+with+measurements+in+meter&gs_lcp=Cg NpbWcQAzoECAAQHlD
gwRYhMMEYNHJBGgAcAB4AIABe4gBjBaSAQQ0 LjIzmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=i
mg&ei=CBUDX6b
LO6kmAXO2KPoBg&bih=524&biw=1226&hl=en #imgrc=VDOxYRz-f96Hc

15
 88

16
 Lesson
Family Health: Courtship, Dating and
1 Marriage

Dating and courting are essential for gaining a realistic understanding of the
type of person you want to be with your eventual partner. Consider why you want to date
someone and what you hope to get out of a relationship with them.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES (H8FH-IIa-24- H8FH-IIa-27)

In this module you are expected to:
1. Explain the definition and importance of courtship and dating in choosing a
lifelong partner.
2. Analyze behaviors that promote healthy relationship in marriage and family life.

WEEK 7 Day 1-4

What’s In

Family is an essential component of our daily lives. It aids us in the

development of our personalities. It also assists us in molding our lives. It instills in us the
importance of honesty, love, and integrity, as well as providing us with the tools we need to
succeed. Do you know how your parents met and how your family came to be? Were you
able to inquire about their romantic life? Family is seen as a haven where you may be
yourself. It's a place where you're accepted exactly as you are. This is a place where you
may be entirely relaxed and where everyone is willing to assist you. When you are
surrounded by problems, your family will inspire you. It helps you get through difficult
moments while also bringing joy and happiness into your life.

Most people today are unaware of the value of family and prefer to spend
most of their time with their friends. When they are confronted with issues, however, it is
their family who assists them in finding solutions. When even our closest friends refuse to
aid us, it is our family who will. As a result, it is critical for everyone to prioritize family above
everything else and to enjoy spending time with family members.

Have you ever pictured yourself dating, courting, and eventually marrying
someone?

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 What’s New

Courtship is the period in a couple's relationship that

occurs before their engagement and marriage, or it is the
beginning of a longer lasting relationship. During
courtship, a couple gets to know each other and decides
whether they want to marry. A courtship can be a casual
and private engagement between two people, a public
event, or a formal arrangement with family approval.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/6275834174

IMPORTANCE OF COURTSHIP

It provides an opportunity and time to learn more about the character and
background of one's prospective life partner.

1. Courting allows you to get to know each other better.

2. It exposes a person's passions, likes, and dislikes, restrictions, and other life
goals.
3. It gives couples the option of deciding whether they want to be committed.
4. It enables couples to determine whether they are ready to commit.
5. It promotes safety.
6. It fosters comprehension and acceptance.

WHAT IS DATING?

DATING is a social activity which involves

two or more people generally assessing each
other’s suitability for a potential relationship. This
can also be fun while you're already in a committed
relationship. The term "dating" refers to the process
of setting up a meeting time and date. Dating is a
type of courting that involves two people engaging
in social activities as a partner in an intimate
relationship or as a spouse. This refers to the act of
meeting and engaging in some mutually agreed
upon social activity, together, as a couple.
TYPES OF DATING

1. Standard date – involves two people.

2. Double date – two couples go on a date at the same time and place.
3. Group date – several couples can enjoy a date.

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WHY DATING IS IMPORTANT?

1. Because dating forms affection and respect which strengthens the relationship.
2. Because it gives quality time to each other.
3. Because it leads one to observe the other person’s character.
4. Because dating allows a person to learn about his or her own strengths and
shortcomings when dealing with people of the opposing sex.
5. Dating in a relationship is important because it allows you to get to know the person you
are in a relationship with, while having a good time.
6. Dating helps to reveal any potential problems you may have if pursuing a more serious
relationship with a person, and it sets the foundation for marriage.

ENGAGEMENT

Engagement is a period set aside for two people in love to get to know each other
and their families well enough to ensure that they are ready and matched for a lifetime of
companionship. It provides an opportunity to hone interpersonal skills that are helpful both
before and after marriage. It is a period for understanding and dedicating a significant amount
of time to exploring each other's strengths and flaws so that they can adjust to one another.

MARRIAGE

Marriage is the most enjoyable human relationship. It is the

most significant event that may happen to your life. It takes only two
people, a man, and a woman to unite and make a successful
relationship as married couple.
It is a lifelong partnership of a man and a woman, two
unique individuals, who understand, respect, care, and love each
other. It is a bond between two people who continue to grow and
develop their best qualities as human beings.
(Photo taken in Creative Commons)

Getting married is not a mere contract but an inviolable social institution. Its nature,
consequences and practices are governed by law and not subject to stipulation except that the
marriage settlements may to a certain extent fix the property relations during the marriage.
(Civil Code of the Philippines) It is a cherished institution under which man and woman believe
in one faith and children are conceived, raised, and nourished to become useful and productive
citizens of the country and the world. It is essential to the continuity of humanity.

RECIPE / INGREDIENTS OF SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE

1.Love
2.Understanding / Respect
3.Care
4.Loyalty
5.A Shared Philosophy
6.Cooperation

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Activity 1. WORDS TO KEEP IN MIND AND HEART

Directions: Fill-in the table with words you remember about Courting, Dating and Marriage.

COURTING DATING MARRIAGE

What is It

After learning and understanding what courting, dating and engagement are, it
is best to remember that love, understanding, respect, care, loyalty, shared
philosophy, and cooperation are the basic ingredients to achieve successful Marriage.
Now, study the factors that contribute to a successful marriage.

Factors Necessary to Consider in choosing a lifetime partner to

work out for Successful Married Life

1. Maturity
a. Can make good decisions
b. Responsible in handling relationships
2. Fidelity
a. Can make the relationship lasting
b. Sincere and true to his / her promises
c. Considers relationships sacred
3. Commitment
a. Can make peaceful and lasting relationship
b. Dedicated in fulfilling his / her responsibilities
4. Love
a. Strengthens relationship
b. Understands one is partner
c. Enduring

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 5. Economic Readiness
a. Aims for better future of the family
b. Financially stable
c. Good provider for the needs of the family
6. Physical Maturity
a. Proud of having good partner
b. Have healthy body
7. Character
a. Responsible and honest
b. Hard-working and industrious
c. Respectful and compassionate
d. God-fearing

Knowing what a person goes through as an adolescent is crucial. It is critical as

an adolescent to understand what a person goes through before choosing the correct
partner. You must still go through steps before finding the person with whom you want
to spend the rest of your life. You can't marry someone you've only met once. That is
why dating, and courtship exist to assist you in finding your ideal life partner. locating
the appropriate individual, you must still go through steps before finding the person
with whom you want to spend the rest of your life. You can't marry someone you've
only met once. Dating and romance exist for this reason.

You've studied about the elements that make a marriage work. Marriage serves
as a foundation for the formation of a family, which is the social unit. A solid marriage makes
a couple more capable of raising a child.

Being a responsible parent begins with the

decision to have a kid. You will learn how to be
responsible parents one day by understanding what
happens before, during, and after pregnancy in this
course. While this lecture is geared at females
because only females can become pregnant, males
should be aware of these maternal health risks so
that they can better care for their female partners.
https://images.pexels.com/photos/4205505/pexels-photo-
4205505.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&fit=crop&h=627&w=1200

A couple's desire after marriage is to start a family. Sexual reproduction is the

only way for humans to reproduce. In this type of reproduction, a man's and a woman's
reproductive cells combine to form a new human cell. Fertilization is the term for this
procedure. Fertilization is the union of the egg cell and sperm cell. Implantation is the
attachment of the fertilized egg cell developing cells to the wall of uterus. Embryo-
developing human from the time that the ovum and the sperm cell unite until the end of the
8th week Embryo. Fetus- developing human from the 8th week until birth. A normal
pregnancy generally lasts until 9 months or 38-40 weeks.

21
 What’s More
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE PREGNANCY

Having a child is a blessing and a great burden at the same time. It's a blessing
because not everyone is capable of conceiving. It is, however, a great responsibility because
many things must be considered to become a responsible parent. Parents-to-be must be
emotionally, physically, psychologically, and financially prepared.

Factors such as the woman's health, age, time, and economic advantage all
influence the pregnancy's outcome. Pregnancy and childbirth have a significant impact on
the mother's overall health as well as the health of her family. There are some things to think
about before getting pregnant so that having a child is a blessing rather than a burden.

1. WOMAN’S HEALTH

Illnesses or physical issues such as heart disease and

hypertension can have a significant impact on a woman's decision
to become pregnant.
This is due of the possibility of future difficulties affecting the infant.
Because it's difficult to tell when a woman is ovulating or fertile,
having an irregular menstrual cycle could be an issue.

1. AGE
A woman's best chance of becoming pregnant is usually when she is in her
20s. While her chances of having a kid are better while she is young, adolescent
pregnancies are more dangerous for both the mother and the infant. When a woman
reaches her 30s, her odds of becoming pregnant begin to dwindle.

2. TIME
If, despite the couple's sexual efforts, the woman is still not pregnant after a
year, it's time to seek medical aid. A fertility test may be recommended by the doctor for
the couple. Infertility treatments may be provided by the doctor to assist the couple in
conceiving. However, there are cases where a woman conceives after a year. Not being
able to conceive.

3. INCOME OR ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE

When a woman conceives, the couple should anticipate that the pregnancy will
be costly. Expenses range from purchasing vitamins to be consumed while pregnant to
frequent medical check-ups throughout the pregnancy and till birth. To avoid difficulties,
the couple should not forego vital prenatal care.
Similarly, the couple should budget for medical expenses associated with the
baby's delivery, especially if the infant is born through caesarean section, which is more
expensive than a regular delivery.

22
Activity 2. I WILL KEEP THIS IN MIND

Directions: In your own words, give reasons why do you have to consider the given factors
before
pregnancy.

1. WOMAN’S HEALTH
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________

2. AGE
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________

3. TIME
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________

4. INCOME OR ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________

MATERNAL HEALTH CONCERNS DURING PREGNANCY AND

CHILDBIRTH

If the woman has a regular menstrual cycle (when her period comes every
month), the absence of a menstrual period is the earliest indicator of pregnancy. The
issue is that not every missing menstruation indicates pregnancy. Stress, excessive
physical activity, and illness are all factors that might cause a woman to miss her period.
Other factors to look for in females include breast soreness, exhaustion, nausea,
decrease in appetite, morning sickness, and vomiting. The woman can utilize over-the-
counter pregnancy kits to confirm that she is indeed pregnant. It's also beneficial to
contact an obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-gyn) to confirm the pregnancy.

23
 The younger the lady, the more dangerous the pregnancy. Getting pregnant at a
young age may be unwise due to a variety of variables that could make the pregnancy
more difficult. Adults, too, may face problems during their pregnancy.
Both the mother and the baby may have physical and mental issues. Pre-existing
medical conditions may worsen because of pregnancy, or new medical concerns may
occur. Some of the difficulties that a woman may have during her pregnancy are listed
below.

1. URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) - This condition is caused by bacterial infection

in the urinary tract. Symptoms of UTI include burning or painful sensation while
urinating, fever, chills, fatigue, discomfort around the belly, and foul odor in the urine.
To treat this condition, the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic that is safe for the
baby.
2. HYPERTENSION OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE – Hypertension may put the
mother and the baby at risk. Several other maternal complications may happen,
such as pre-eclampsia, placental abruption (When the placenta separates from the
uterus’s wall before childbirth), and gestational diabetes. Preterm delivery (a
condition wherein the infant is born small for his or her gestational age) and infant
death may also result if this condition is not properly monitored. If the woman already
has hypertension prior to pregnancy, she needs to disclose this with her doctor so
that necessary precautions and treatment will be given.
3. GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM) - When a woman develops GDM
during pregnancy, several other pregnancy complications may result, such as
preeclampsia, early delivery, and caesarean birth. The baby, on the other hand, may
be born with low sugar level jaundice, and breathing problems. GDM happens when
the sugar and starches in the body are not processed well. The doctor may prescribe
a healthy meal plan and physical activity to control the blood sugar level.
4. ECTOPIC PREGNANCY – This condition happens when the embryo develops in
the fallopian tube or another location in the abdomen. Symptoms include cramping,
severe abdominal pain, and spotting. The woman needs to undergo surgery to
remove the embryo.
5. MISCARRIAGE – Miscarriage or pregnancy loss is a natural death of a fetus before
it can develop and survive on its own. This may be caused by a medical condition
either at the fetus or in the pregnant female. Cramping, severe abdominal pain,
spotting, and vaginal bleeding are some of the common symptoms of a miscarriage.
6. STILLBIRTH – Stillbirth is the birth of a baby that does not show any signs of life
after 20 weeks of pregnancy. This may be caused by a medical condition or a
complication in the baby or the woman.

MATERNAL HEALTH CONCERNS AFTER PREGNANCY

Following the discussion of potential medical issues or complications that may arise
during pregnancy, you should also be prepared for scenarios that may arise following
delivering. In terms of child rearing, these are the highs and lows. Once the baby is born,
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becoming a parent will be complete; therefore, must understand the following make sure that
the newly born is healthy.

1. The Importance of Postnatal Care

2. The Newborn Protocol
3. The Newborn Screening

DO NOT FORGET:

1. Obstetrician-gynecologist (Ob-gyne) - is a physician who specializes in women’s

health. The female body experiences many different biological functions, including
menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. OB-GYNs provide care for all of this and
more.
2. UTI- also called bladder infection, is a bacterial inflammation in the urinary tract.
3. Pre-eclampsia- is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and
signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys.

What I Have Learned

Following the discussion, has your perspective on the significance of

courtship and dating in selecting a lifelong mate changed? Answer the helpful questions
below to express your thought. In your activity notebook, write down your answers.

1. What is the difference of courtship and dating?

2. Why courtship and dating important?
3. As a responsible adolescent, how would you prevent the risk effects of dating?

Lesson
Responsible Parenthood
2
Preconception care aims to eliminate risk factors that may affect future pregnancies
by offering education, health promotion, screening, and interventions to women of
reproductive age. Women who start prenatal care early in their pregnancy have better
outcomes than those who receive little or no treatment during their pregnancy. This is one of
the first steps of showing responsible parenthood.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES (H8FH-IIe-f-31- H8FH-Iig-h-41)

In this module you are expected to:
1. explain the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy
2. discuss the importance of newborn screening, and the APGAR scoring system for

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 newborns
3. explain the importance of prenatal care and post-natal care
4. discuss the essential newborn protocol (Unang Yakap) and advantages of
breastfeeding for both mother and child
5. analyze the importance of responsible parenthood

WEEK 8 Day 1-4

What’s In
IMPORTANCE OF MATERNAL NUTRITION

Maternal nutritional status has a substantial impact on the

health development of her kids during early embryogenesis,
pregnancy, birth, and nursing, and then determines health during
growth and even adulthood. The relevance of maternal nutrition
extends into the time before conception at the other end of the
human lifetime scale:
Nutritional status before conception has an impact on not just
fertility but also embryogenesis and long-term health. Intrauterine
adaptations to lethal starvation can result in a predisposition to
coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. As a
result, women's nutrition during their reproductive years should be optimized.

According to REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9288 AN ACT PROMULGATING A

COMPREHENSIVE POLICY AND A NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ENSURING NEWBORN
SCREENING, newborn babies should undergo a newborn screening. Newborn means a child
from the time of complete delivery to 30 days old.

NEWBORN SCREENING

Newborn Screening (NBS) is a simple procedure to find out if the baby has a congenital
metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated.

Importance of newborn screening

Most babies with metabolic disorders look "normal" at birth. By doing NBS, metabolic
disorders may be detected even before clinical signs and symptoms are present. And because
of this, treatment can be given early to prevent consequences of untreated conditions.

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 What’s New

Optimizing nutrition for

women during their reproductive
period can be expected to have a
great impact on the well-being of
the next generation. The APGAR
scoring system for newborns is the
very first test given to the newborn
right after birth. It determines how
well the baby tolerated the birthing
process, and the five – minute
score informs the doctor of the
baby’s performance outside of the
mother’s womb.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PRENATAL CARE AND POST-NATAL CARE

1. Prenatal or prenatal care is a type of preventive health care delivered to a pregnant

woman and her unborn child. If a woman suspects she is pregnant, she should seek
prenatal care as soon as possible. Following the confirmation, the doctor would plan
regular visits or check-ups with her throughout the pregnancy. This is referred to as
routine prenatal care.
2. Prenatal care is necessary especially during the first three trimesters (first three months)
of the pregnancy.
3. Prenatal care can prevent diseases that can cause and are caused by premature births.
4. Postnatal care is the care or treatment given to both the mother and her baby after the
delivery. During this period, the mother undergoes physical and emotional changes
while learning to care for her baby. Postnatal care for the mother involves, but not limited
to, getting proper rest, nutrition, and vaginal care.

Essential Newborn Protocol

1. The Unang Yakap Campaign, also known as the Essential Newborn Care (ENC)
Protocol, was launched by the Department of Health (DOH) on December 7, 2009. This
is in response to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) goal of halving under-five
child mortality by 2015 by two-thirds.
2. BREASTFEEDING It is the traditional and ideal form of infant feeding, meeting an
infant’s nutritional need for his first four to six months. This is supported by Republic Act
No. 7600 This Act shall be known as "The Rooming- In and Breast-Feeding Act of 1992
3.
The advantages of breastfeeding are:
a. It is economical and nutritious
b. It promotes emotional bonding between the child and the mother.

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 c. Mother’s milk has an antibody that protects the infant from certain
diseases.

4. IMMUNIZATION is the process by which a human or animal becomes more resistant to

disease by boosting their immune response. Vaccination, on the other hand, is a type
of immunization in which the body learns to detect a specific foreign object (active
immunization).

Nutrition is important for maternal and child health, and it is well acknowledged that
good nutrition early in life is the foundation for long-term health. A healthy maternal diet, as
well as proper maternal body composition, metabolism, and placental food delivery, minimizes
the risk of maternal, fatal, and long-term impacts in the offspring.
The greatest nourishment for neonates and infants is breast milk. As a result of the
pregnancy and blood loss after childbirth, a nursing woman's nutritional resources may be
depleted to some extent. Lactation increases dietary requirements, owing to the loss of
nutrients through colostrum and then breast milk. Breastfeeding mothers must increase their
food intake to maintain excellent nutritional status.

What is It

Family Life: Responsible Parenthood

In a traditional Filipino family, the father is the family's leader and provider, while the
mother oversees the family's domestic requirements as well as the emotional development
and value formation of the children. Their children treat them differently since they undertake
different tasks. Children see their mothers as gentle and peaceful, whereas they consider their
fathers as strong and the family's most important person. However, the family structure is
changing right now.
Parenting is regarded as one of the most challenging tasks because the parent is
responsible for shaping the life of a child. Parenting also entails instilling principles and
establishing discipline. Even though it will be a few more years before you become a parent,
this class will provide you with an overview of what it will need to become a responsible parent
in the future.

Responsible Parenthood
As defined in the Directional Plan of POPCOM, it is
the will and ability of parents to respond to the needs and
aspirations of the family and children. The husband
and wives share responsibility for determining and
achieving the desired number, spacing, and timing of
their children based on their own family life goals,
considering psychological readiness, health, socio-
cultural, and economic problems.

28
Factors to Consider When Thinking of Parenthood

1. Happiness and stability of the marriage

2. Physical and emotional readiness of both partners for parenthood
3. Financial Stability

WHAT IS PARENTHOOD?

• It is the state of being a parent means being a father or mother of the biological
child.
• A great responsibility or task
• Not a role which can be successfully played based on chance
• A status where responsible couples arrive at after deciding to have

WHAT ARE THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARENTS?

1. Provide physical care and love

2. Inculcate discipline
3. Develop social competence
4. Provide education
5. Train children to become good citizens
6. Teach children to be financially responsible
7. Guide children to grow spiritually

FAMILY SIZE

This refers to the number of persons in the family. This may include parents and
children, but it may also include members of the extended family (e.g., aunts, uncles,
grandparents) and sometimes people who are not
related by genes.

Small Family has parents Parents and three or

and at most two (2) more children and other
children members.

Effects of Smaller Family

1. More parental attention and love for the children.

2. Happier and more emotionally stable
3. Financial stable
4. More time, energy, and money left for other pursuits
5. Children tend to be well- nourished, heavier, and healthier.

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Effects of Bigger Family

1. Nutritional intake per member tends to be smaller, malnutrition tends to be higher.

2. Disadvantaged in terms of physical development
3. Prone to infection and parasite infestations
4. Exercise self-deprivation and sacrifice.
5. Still competition among siblings

Effects of Family Size on Health

1. Nutritional Status -the state of the body with respect to each nutrient and to overall
state of the body weight and condition.
2. Morbidity- exit from a state of physical or psychological well-being resulting from
disease, illness, injury, or sickness.
3. Risk Behaviors- specific forms of behavior which are proven to be associated with
increased susceptibility to a specific disease or ill-health.
4. Utilization of Health Services-experience of people as to their receipt of health care
services of different types.

What’s More

You have a vital role to play in your community by assisting people in selecting a
contraceptive technique that is both personally and medically suitable. It's crucial to grasp
the many techniques and strategies for preventing undesired or unplanned pregnancy to
achieve this properly. Natural and artificial (contemporary) contraceptive methods are
broadly classified. Natural family planning relies on changes in a woman's physiology to
determine when she is viable and potentially pregnant. This technique is often referred to as
a fertility-based awareness technique.

"Educational, comprehensive medical, or social activities that enable individuals,

including minors, to freely determine the number and spacing of their children and to pick the
means by which this may be achieved," according to the definition of family planning
services. The amount of children a woman wants, including the option of having no children,
as well as the age at which she wants them, are all factors to consider while planning a
family.

Types of Family Planning

1. Natural Family Planning Method

2. Artificial Method
3. Surgical Method

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WHAT IS FERTILITY AWARENESS?
Fertility Awareness is a collection of methods using your body’s natural family
planning to determine the days of the month you are most likely to get pregnant. It is
also called Natural Family Planning (NFP), and other variations include the Sympto-
Thermal Method, the Ovulation Method, and the Billings Method.

1. Natural Family Planning Method

A. Abstinence - this natural method involves abstaining from sexual
intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control method with ideally
0% fail rate.
B. Calendar Method- also called as the rhythm method, this natural method of
family planning involves refraining from coitus during the days that the
woman is fertile.
C. Basal Body Temperature - is the woman’s temperature at rest.
D. Cervical Mucus Method- the fertile days of a woman according to this
method is if the cervical mucus is copious and watery and a day after it.
Therefore, she must avoid coitus during these days.
E. Symptothermal Method-is simply a combination of the BBT method and the
cervical mucus method.
F. Ovulation Detection- is an over-the- counter kit that can predict ovulation
through the surge of luteinizing hormone that happens 12 to 24 hours
before ovulation.
G. Lactation Amenorrhea Method -Through exclusive breastfeeding of the
infant, the woman is able to suppress ovulation through the method of
lactation amenorrhea method.
H. Coitus Interruptus-is one of the oldest methods of contraception. -the couple
still proceeds with the coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he
ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa outside of the vagina.

2. Artificial Method
A. Oral Contraceptives - also known as the pill, oral contraceptives contain
synthetic estrogen and progesterone.
B. Transdermal Patch- for three weeks, the woman should apply one patch
every week on the following areas: upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen,
or buttocks.
C. Vaginal Ring – this silicon ring is inserted vaginally and remains there for 3
weeks, then removed on the fourth week as menstrual flow would occur.
D. Subdermal Implants - are two rod-like implants embedded under the skin of
the woman during her menses or on the 7th day of her menstruation to make
sure that she is not pregnant.
E. Hormonal Injections - consists of medroxy progesterone, a progesterone,
and given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly.
F. Intrauterine Device - an IUD is a small, T-shaped object that is inserted into
the uterus via the vagina.
G. Diaphragm - it is a circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix and should be
placed before coitus.
H. Cervical Cap - is another barrier method that is made of soft rubber and
fitted on the rim of the cervix.
I. Condoms - a thin rubber sheath worn on a man's penis during sexual
intercourse as a contraceptive or as a protection against infection.

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 3. Surgical Method
A. Vasectomy - the vas deferens is then tied, cauterized, cut, or plugged to
block the passage of the sperm.
B. Tubal Ligation - is performed by occluding the fallopian tubes through
cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to inhibit the passage of the both the sperm
and the ova.

What I Have Learned

• Prenatal care is vital to help avoid diseases that can be prevented by early diagnosis.
• Breastfeeding is essential in a proper childcare. Mother’s milk is economical and
nutritious, and it promotes emotional bonding between the mother and the child.
• Republic Act No. 7600 - This Act shall be known as "The Rooming-In and Breast-
Feeding Act of 1992.”
• A family is the smallest unit of society where children learn the first ABC’s of life. Parents
should be role models of values to their children. Society recognizes the rights of
parents to raise their children in the manner they see to fit. This is one of the main
principles of the Philippine Child and Youth Welfare Code.
• The size of the family should be decided by both parents together, based on their
available resources and the standard of living they wish to achieve. Children in small
families, especially first and only children, tend to have higher school and personal
achievement levels than do children of larger families. Parents having more children
have greater social skills than those without, and married people who grew up with more
siblings are less likely to divorce, controlling for many background factors.
• Family planning is the term given for pre- pregnancy planning and action to delay,
prevent actualize a pregnancy. It is a way of thinking and living that is adopted
voluntarily, upon the bases of knowledge, attitude and responsible decision by
individuals and couples to promote the health and welfare of family group and thus
contribute effectively to the social development of country.

References
• Practical MAPEH by Diwa Publishing Company. Leaners Module 8
• Physical Education & Health - Grade 8 Learners Material
• Postnatal care. Postnatal Care Module: 1. Postnatal Care at the Health Post and in the
Community (n.d.) https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/
oucontent/view.php?id=335&printable=1
• Teaching Guide on the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (P.E. and Health Education II)

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